英语语法之主谓一致 课件--高三英语一轮复习.pptx

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1、主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致三大原则语法一致意义一致就近一致英语中，句子无论长短都要遵守一个原则，那就是英语中，句子无论长短都要遵守一个原则，那就是主谓一致主谓一致，即主语和谓语动词要在人称和数上的一致。即主语和谓语动词要在人称和数上的一致。以上三句中，谓语动词都是be动词，但根据主语的人称和数不同，就有不同的be动词形式。这就是主谓一致。当主语为第三人称单数形式时，谓语动词要用单数形式；当主语为第三人称单数形式时，谓语动词要用单数形式；其余的请况下，谓语动词用复数形式。其余的请况下，谓语动词用复数形式。语语 法法 一一 致致语法一致，就是主语和谓语在语法形式上一致。主语是单数形式

2、，谓语用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语用复数形式。PS：多个主语并列，视为复数形式。如，you and IThis book is mine.（主语单数）These books are mine.（主语复数）语语 法法 一一 致致不定式、介词短语、动名词、从句做主语时，谓语用单数。To get up early is necessary.Seeing is believing.What he said has been recorded不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。Either one is OK.Many a student takes a walk on

3、 campus after dinner.表示国家/机构/事件/作品等专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。One Thousand And One Nights(一千零一夜）tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore.“a series of/a kind of/the number of等+名词”构成名词短语作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.语语 法法

4、一一 致致 some/several/both/few/many/a number of 等词修饰主语，或它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。Both of them are OK.A number of graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China.由and连接两个或以上主语时，如指同一人或物，谓语用单数；指不同的人或物，谓语用复数.The teacher and writer is famous all over the world.（一个人，两个身份）The teacher and the writer

5、are both famous all over the world.（两个人）语语 法法 一一 致致有些短语a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等后接不可数名词或单数名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；如果后接可数名词复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。A lot of money was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.A lot

6、of books about Investment Fund have been published recently.主语为三单，或习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词，如：money，information，clothing等，谓语动词用单数。Money was short at that time.The information is available on the Internet.意意 义义 一一 致致意义一致：从意义上来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义用单数形式。a.这儿离学校还

7、有5公里。b.5公里不是什么远距离。a.Five kilometers lie between here and the school.（谓语复数）b.Five kilometers is not a big distance.（谓语单数）意意 义义 一一 致致当主语后接由as well as/as much as/accompanied by/including/in addition to/more than/no less than/rather than/together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定.Petroleum,along with fuel

8、gas,has recently risen in price.The warehouse,with all its stockings,was burned last night.表示时间/金钱/距离/体积/重量/面积/数字等词语作主语时，其意义若是指总量应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；其意义若是指有多少数量则应该看作是复数，谓语动词也应该用复数.Four weeks are often regarded as one month.Twenty years stands for a long period in ones life.意意 义义 一一 致致the+形容词作主语其意义若是指个人或抽象

9、概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；其意义若是指一类人则应该看作是复数，谓语动词用复数。The young（年轻人，指一类人）,often think of the old conservative.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff

10、,team等，其中cattle,people,police一般看成复数形式。The family are all fond of football.The family is the tiniest cell of the society.一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰时表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数;表示的是同一概念时应用单数。Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.就就 近近 原原 则则谓语动词的人称和数

11、常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,either or，neither nor，not only but also 等Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.there be句型的be动词单复数取决于be动词后紧跟的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There is one book and two cups on the desk.

12、主谓一致中的主谓一致中的“表里不一表里不一”现象现象 易错点易错点more than one+名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数More than one teacher gets the flowers.many a+名词作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数Many a student has been sent to plant trees.half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered

13、 with water.all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数All are present and all is going well.what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数What they want to get are a number of good books.主谓一致中的主谓一致中的“表里不一表里不一”现象现象 易错点易错点and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.当主语

14、后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except，逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing.each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.They each have a bike.主谓一致中的主谓一致中的“表里不一表里不一”现象现象 易错点易错点动词不定式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数Going out for a walk

15、after supper is a good habit.the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致The following are good examples.以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类。当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示学科以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点）economics（经济意义）等Politics is now taught in all schools

16、.主谓一致中的主谓一致中的“表里不一表里不一”现象现象 易错点易错点有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等）作主语时，前面若有“一条”,“一副”,“一把”之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数。还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minutes（记录）.remains（遗体）.thanks等。The shoes are all right.one and a half+名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数One and

17、 a half apples isleft on the table.主谓一致中的主谓一致中的“表里不一表里不一”现象现象 易错点易错点One or two more+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.one of+复数名词+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在the only one of+复数名词+定语从句的结构中，the one of+复数名词+定语从句定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.He is one of the students who get there on time.表示时间，距离，金钱等的复数名词（简记“度量衡”）作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数.One million dollars is a lot of money.