构词法之派生课件--高考英语一轮复习词汇专题.pptx

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1、 Morphology:The Words of Language Morphology:The Words of Language Morphology:The Words of Language Morphology:The Words of LanguageWord Formation in EnglishRules of Word Formationphil-anthrop-istroot/base derived from root/base derived from Greek,meaning Greek,meaning“love”“love”allomorphs:-phile;p

2、hilo-allomorphs:-phile;philo-root/base derived from root/base derived from Greek,meaning Greek,meaning“man”“man”allomorph:anthropo-allomorph:anthropo-Suffix,meaning“one Suffix,meaning“one who does or practices”who does or practices”etymology:old French-iste and Latin-ista from Ancient Greek-ists.der

3、ivational derivational morphememorphemeRules of Word FormationNone（indecomposability）Adjective（indecomposableindecomposable）-ity(-ility)in-Adjective（decomposabledecomposable）Verb（decomposedecompose）-ablede-Verb（composecompose）com-VerbposeRules of Word FormationFormation of wordsFormation of words fr

4、ee=free root Morpheme bound root bound prefix affix derivational suffix inflectional Rules of Word FormationAffixation-the morphological processword formation in Englishmain processes main processes minor processesminor processesPrefixationPrefixationSuffixationSuffixationConversionConversionCompoun

5、ding Compounding Clipping or shorteningClipping or shorteningAcronyms Acronyms Blending Blending Back-formationBack-formationAnalogical creationAnalogical creationOnomatopoeia Onomatopoeia Coinage Coinage Rules of Word Formation1.Negative prefixesa-(or an-):anarchy-absence of government or controldi

6、s-:discancer-to deprive of cancerin-(or il-,or im-,or ir-):incorrect;illogical;immortal;irrelevantnon-:nonsmoker;non-U(BrE.)un-:uninformative;unbooked;PrefixationRules of Word Formation2.Reversative or privative prefixesde-:dis-:un-:3.Pejorative prefixesmal-:mis-:pseudo-:Prefixationdefrost;deforesta

7、tiondisown;discoloredunpack;unhorsemaltreat;malfunctionmishear;misbehavedpseudonym;pseudoscienceRules of Word Formation4.Prefixes of degree or sizearch-:archenemy(chief enemy);archangelco-(or com,or col,or con,or cor):coeducation;combat;colleague;concur;correspondencehyper-:hypermarket(a very large

8、shopping mall including a supermarket.mini-:(maxi-;midi-)out-:outlive(to live longer than)over-:overeat;overworksub-:subnormal(below normal)super-:supersized;supernatural;supermanPrefixationRules of Word Formationsur-:surpass(to go beyond in amount or degree)ultra-:ultraconservative(extremely conser

9、vative)under-:underestimate;undercharge5.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeanti-:anti-art;antinovelcontra-:contradiction;contrafactualcounter-:counterattack;counteractpro-:pro-student(favoring or siding with students)PrefixationRules of Word Formation6.Locative prefixesfore-:forehead;foreword inte

10、r-:interview;interwarsub-:submerge(go under the surface of water);submarinesuper-:superscript;superstructuretrans-:transplant;transform7.Prefixes of time and orderex-:ex-wife;ex-presidentfore-:foretell;foresightpost-:post-liberation;post-classicalpre-:preschool;prehistoryre-:review;recheck;renewPref

11、ixationRules of Word Formation8.Number prefixesbi-,di-:bilingual;dioxidemulti-,poly-:multi-media;polysemysemi-,demi-,hemi-:semiannual;demigod;hemispheretri-:triangle;trillionuni-,mono-:uniform;monoplane9.Miscellaneous neo-classical prefixesauto-:autobiography;automationextra-:extralinguistic;extracu

12、rricular neo-:neo-Nazi;neologyPrefixationRules of Word Formationpaleo-:paleozoologypan-:Pan-Americanismproto-:protohistory;protozoologytele-:telescope;telegram;televisionvice-:vice-president;viceroy10.Conversion prefixesa-:asleep;awash;aloudbe-:befogged;befriend;bewitchen-,em-(before-p or-b):endange

13、r;embitterPrefixationRules of Word Formation1.None suffixes:-age;-dom;-ery,-ry(eps.After l or t);-ful;-hood;-ing;-ism;-ocracy;-ship;-eer;-er;-ess;-ette;-let;-ling;-ster;-ant;-ee;-or;-al;-ation;-ment;-ity;-ness;-ese;-(i)an;-ist;-ite;2.Adjective suffixes:-ed;-ful;-ish;-less;-like;-ly;-y;-al;-esque;-ic

14、;-(i)ous;-able;-ive;3.Adverb suffixes:-ly;-ward;-wise;4.Verb suffixes:-ate;-en;-ify;-ize(-ise);SuffixationSuffixationRules of Word FormationNone（indecomposability）Adjective（indecomposableindecomposable）-ity(-ility)in-Adjective（decomposabledecomposable）Verb（decomposedecompose）-ablede-Verb（composecompose）com-VerbposeRules of Word Formation