葡萄酒基础知识-10612.ppt

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1、葡萄酒基础知识内容概述 Table of Contents 葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties 葡萄酒的起源 Origins of Wine 葡萄酒的酿造 Vinification 红白葡萄品种 Red&White Grapes 新旧世界对比 New World VS Old World 葡萄酒的品尝 Wine Taste 葡萄酒与美食 Food Pairings1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties什么是葡萄酒 Whats Wine葡萄酒就是100%经过发酵的葡萄汁Wine is 100%fermented grape juice酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式The magic fo

2、rmula of Wine making这个神奇的方程式就是：糖+酵母=酒精+二氧化碳+化合物 The magic formula is:sugar+yeast=alcohol+co2+chemical compound1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按颜色分类 Classify by Color按酒内糖酒内糖分 Classify by Sugar按饮用方式 Classify by Food1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按颜色分类 Defined by color红葡萄酒 ：带皮发酵 Red wine ：Fermented with skins and other

3、 solids白葡萄酒 ：不带皮发酵 White wine:Fermented without skin and solids桃红葡萄酒：红葡萄酒短期浸渍 Rose wine:Maceration in short piriod1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按酒内糖分 Defined by sugar干葡萄酒 Dry 40g/L1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按饮用方式 Defined by course开胃葡萄酒 Aperitif Wine佐餐葡萄酒 Table Wine餐后葡萄酒 Dessert Wine2.葡萄酒的起源 Origins of Wine外高加索

4、地区 Transcaucasia 美索不达米亚 Mesopotamia腓尼基人 (1100 B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）Phoenicians（Start to transport vines around Europe)埃及坟墓中的证据 Evidence in Egyptian tombs葡萄酒的简史 Wine History 埃及人饮用葡萄酒成了埃及文化精髓的一部分，记录了葡萄酒年份和葡萄园，甚至在套管上课路了酿酒师的名字，在古埃及贵族坟墓里可以找到这些证据。最初只会饮用葡萄酒，后来学会在尼罗河三角洲种植葡萄酒 The Egyptians drinking wine became a

5、 major part of the culture of Egyptian elite.Recorded vintages,vineyards,even winemaker names on their clay pots,some of which were placed in the tombs of the nobility.The Egyptians were wine drinkers first,but soon learned to grow grapes in the fertile Nile River delta葡萄酒的简史 Wine History埃及人和腓尼基人是闪族

6、人的两大贸易合作伙伴 Two groups with whom the Sumerians traded were the Egyptians and the Phoenicians腓尼基人 (1100 B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）1100 B.C.商业社会，开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树 Phoenicians（Start to transport vines around Europe)1100 B.C.Mercantile society started to transport vines around Europe最出色的航海家。地中海盆地-北非-南欧-西不骆驼岩山,The fine

7、st sea travelers in their age.Mediterranean basin and established colonies in north Africa and in southern Europe as far as the Rock of Gibraltar.Wine drinkers go,vine goes too葡萄酒的简史 Wine History希腊人 Greeks 日常健康饮料 social beverage 殖民欧洲.带葡萄树回家.贡献：将新葡萄酒品种核心技术引进法国南部，西班牙，最重要的是意大利 Colonizes Europe.Brought

8、vines to permanent home.Contribution:spread vine,brought new grapes and new techniques to southern France,Spain,and perhaps most importantly,to southern Italy.葡萄酒的简史 Wine History罗马人对整个欧洲影响深远，用手稿记录了葡萄栽培和酿造，了解土壤，坡度和葡萄园方位的重要性，提高酿酒技术，发展欧洲贸易。对欧洲葡萄区重要贡献，包括：法国勃艮第，波尔多，香槟，阿尔萨斯，隆和谷，卢瓦尔谷，德国莱茵高，奥地利多瑙河流域等。It is

9、difficult to overstate the importance of the Romans for the development of wine culture in Europe.The Romans produced manuals describing grape growing and winemaking,understood the importance of soil,slope and vienyard aspect,and developed a pan-Europe wine trade3.葡萄酒的酿造 Wine Vinification 自然条件自然条件 n

10、atural natural +天气 weather =微气候 unique climate+土壤 soil =“风土”terrior酿造技术酿造技术 vinificationvinification 选择葡萄品种 grape types (最适合“风土”)terrior酿造工艺 vinification -种植 growing -发酵 fermentation-陈酿 aging -调配 blending地理环境 geographic“Terrior”这是一个法语词，它的含义广泛，包括葡萄种植区域的传统，气候，土壤，湿度，光照时间，以及酿酒师的技艺等方面。我们把它概括翻译成“风土条件”。正是这

11、个特定的“风土条件”使得每个葡萄种植区域都富有自己的特色。“Terrior”is a French term of wine industry.It embraces several meanings including the tradition,climate,soil,humidity,sunshine and all the elements like these making a wine-making region unique to the other ones all over the world.At its core is the assumption that the l

12、and from which the grapes are grown imparts a unique quality that is specific to that region.Fouloirs rouleaux整串葡萄整串葡萄 Whole grapes压榨压榨 press泵泵 pumpPompe泵泵 pump白葡萄白葡萄 white grspes澄清容澄清容 器器 Racking tank固体杂固体杂质沉淀质沉淀Deposit ofsolids发酵罐发酵罐 Fermentation tank温度控制温度控制 temp control18-20C温控发酵温控发酵 Temperature

13、 control葡萄汁流出葡萄汁流出 draining榨汁机榨汁机 crushing添加二氧化硫添加二氧化硫Addition of sulphurdioxide红葡萄红葡萄Red grapes去梗去梗DestemmingStems removed滚筒滚筒榨汁机榨汁机Rollercrusher添加二氧化硫添加二氧化硫Addition sulphur dioxide泵泵发酵容器发酵容器Fermentation vat葡萄皮和籽的混合物葡萄皮和籽的混合物 30C Must at 30Pump降温液体降温液体Cooling liquid降温液体降温液体Cooling liquid凉水凉水 cold w

14、ater降温过程降温过程 cooling葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至25CMust cooled to 25CRemontage榨渣榨渣marc葡萄皮和籽的混合物葡萄皮和籽的混合物 must葡萄榨渣的抽取葡萄榨渣的抽取Spraying ofthe marc cap4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesChardonnay葡萄特征 Features of grape 果粒大，黄色，边缘棕色斑点 Large yellow berries with brown spots 产量中高 Naturally medium-high yields 4.常见葡萄品种 Grape

15、VarietiesChardonnay 著名产区 Notable region勃艮第：风格多样，夏布力,莫尔索，布衣复赛 Burgundy,wide range of styles,Chablis,Meursault,Pouilly-Fuisse香槟产区（气泡酒）Champagne （sparkling wine)加州：浓郁，橡木风味 California:rich,oaky style澳大利亚：热带水果，橡木风味 Australia:tropical flavors,oaky4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesChardonnay 口感 Palate中等酸度 Medium aci

16、dity中-高酒精度 Moderate to high alcohol中-重酒体 Medium to full-body极少酿甜酒 Rarely produced in sweet style4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesSauvignon Blanc 外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征 Features of grape中等大小果粒 Medium-sized berries高酸，特别茂盛 High natural acidity.Particularly vigorous 4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesSauvignon Blanc Sauvign

17、on Blanc 口感口感 Palate高酸度 High acidity中等酒精度 Moderate alcohol中轻酒体 Light to medium body A bunch of Riesling grapes after the onset of noble rot.The difference in colour between affected and unaffected grapes is clearly visible botryis干型和甜型 Dry and sweet styles4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesRiesling Riesling 外观

18、通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征葡萄特征 Features of grapes果粒小，果粒小，紧凑紧凑 Compact clusters of small berries萌芽早，萌芽早，晚熟晚熟 Early budding,late growing4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties其他常见白葡萄品种：其他常见白葡萄品种：Other white grapes varieties 麝香：非加强型(芦笋，细腻白肉），加强型(奶油奶酪，冰激凌，水果挞馅饼）Muscat:non-fortified wine(asparagus,delicate white meats),

19、fortified style(creamy cheese,ice cream,fruit tarts)灰皮诺：梨，香料，苹果，花香，柑橘味，配合烤白肉，鹅肉，鸡肝酱，浓郁的奶酪 Pinot gris:pear,spice,apple,flora,citrus,pairings with roasted white meats,goose,chicken liver pate,strong cheese 4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties其他常见白葡萄品种其他常见白葡萄品种：Other white grapes varieties 白诗南：甘草，苹果，湿羊毛，花香，搭配山羊奶酪，

20、法式酱和烩牛肉，苹果派 Chenin Blanc:hay,apple,wet wool,floral,pairings with goats cheese,pates and terrines,apple pie.4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesRegion of origin产地产地Color 色泽色泽Fruitiness 水果味水果味Body 酒体酒体Dryness口感口感“干干”Aroma 香味香味霞多丽霞多丽ChardonnayEast France 法国中部，法国中部，东部东部Green Apple,Pineapple,Lemon 青苹果，菠萝，柠檬的青苹果，菠萝，柠

21、檬的香味香味长相思长相思Sauvignon BlancSouth,France 法国南部法国南部Leafy,Grass,“Earthy”flavor 叶子，青草叶，有如叶子，青草叶，有如“尘土尘土”的气息的气息雷司令雷司令 RieslingGermany 德国德国Flower,Honey鲜花和蜂蜜的味道鲜花和蜂蜜的味道4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Cabernet Sauvignon 外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征 Features of grapes果串长且松散 Loose and long bunches果皮厚，籽大 Thick skin,large pip

22、s萌芽晚，晚熟，产量低 Late budding,late ripens,low yields4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Pinot Noir Pinot Noir 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征 Features of grapes果串紧凑，皮较薄 Compact bunches,relatively thin-skinned萌芽早，早熟 Early budding,early ripens中等产量 Moderate yields4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Pinot Noir Pinot Noir 口感口感 Palate中

23、-高酸度 Medium to high acidity中低单宁 Low to medium tannins中轻酒体 Light to medium body中等酒精度 Medium alcohol4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Merlot Merlot 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance果粒大，果串松散 Large berries,loose bunches果皮薄，萌芽早，早熟 Thin skin,early budding,early ripens产量比赤霞珠高 Higher yielding than cabernet sauvignon4.常见葡萄品种 G

24、rape Varieties ShirasShiras 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance中等大小果粒，果串紧凑 Medium sized berries,tight bunches萌芽晚，早熟 Late budding,early ripens中等产量 Moderate yields4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties其他常见红葡萄品种：其他常见红葡萄品种：Other red grapes varieties 品丽珠：中深宝石红，中等口感，香料，覆盆子，巧克力牛奶味，适合烤肉，胡椒酱牛排 Cabernet Franc:medium to deep ruby,mediu

25、m palate,grilled meats,steak with pepper sauce金粉带：中深紫色，宝石红，重酒体，高酒精，蓝莓，樱桃，黑色水果，红茶，适合不同口味（亚洲料理，烤野味，黑巧克力）Zinfandel:medium to deep purple/ruby,very full body,high alcohol,pairings with spicy Asian food,grilled game,dark chocolate4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties 其他常见红葡萄品种：其他常见红葡萄品种：Other red grapes varieties 佳美：

26、中等石榴红，低单宁，轻酒体，花香，糖果，泡泡堂，巧克力，搭配干香肠，火腿，鸡肝酱 Gamay:medium garnet,low tannins,light body,flowers,candy,bubblegum,chocolate,pairings with dried sausage,ham and chicken liver pates5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting外观 Appearance澄清度 Clarity Wine can be both opaque and clear颜色的深度 Depth of Color Pale,mod

27、erate or intense颜色 Color Straw,yellow or gold.Brown/red,ruby or purple5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting色泽呈深红色，酒体浑厚的红酒 Dark and intense red color,it is a full-body red wine酒液呈明显的砖红色，属于酒体适中的红酒 The color is brick red,a medium-body red 该酒的颜色明显较前两款更浅，属于桃红酒 The color is obviously lighter than the former two,its a rose

28、 one明显的金黄色泽，是酒体浑厚的白葡萄酒 Gold yellow,a full-body white wine酒色呈柠檬黄,典型的气泡酒(香槟)The color is lemon yellow,a typical sparkling(Champagne)5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting干净 Clearness Absence of off-orders(flaws)气味的浓度 Intensity of smell Low,medium or intense特征 Character Fruity,floral or earthy5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting葡萄酒的香味并

29、不是单单通过鼻腔来感觉的，各种香气的分子通过口腔达到感官黏膜来感觉气味The smell of wine is not accessed via the nostrils alone;volatile aroma molecules also reach the olfactory mucosa through the back of the oral cavity葡萄酒的香气直接通过鼻孔吸入Direct route taken by aroma molecules via the nostrils香气分子通过口腔后端，从而人体能够感觉到Route taken by aroma molecul

30、es via the nasopharynx5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting口感 Palate 甜味 Sweetness Dry,off-dry or sweet酸味 Acidity Tingling sensation on sides of tongue Sour taste Low,medium or high5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting单宁 Tennins Only necessary in a red tasting note Drying sensation on palate and gums Low,medium and high酒精 Alcohol Hea

31、t in the mouth and throat low,medium and high 回味 Finish 5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting1-怎么品酒How to taste a wine抿一小口葡萄酒在口中,让口腔中的每一个部位都接触到葡萄酒,吸几口空气,以带出葡萄酒的香味，并细细品味Sip the wine and let it go around in your mouth,then take in some air to oxygenate the wine and feel the nuances of the flavor2-品什么What to taste1-Att

32、ack given by acidity感受葡萄酒特有的酸味给你的第一感觉 5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting2 Balance 感觉葡萄酒是否平衡3 Body感觉葡萄酒的酒体4-End of mouth感受葡萄酒在嘴里的回味5-Length Stops感觉回味在口中的延伸感5.葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting结论 Conclusion平衡度 Balance Harmony of flavor and other elements成熟 Maturity Requires aging,ready-to-drink or over-the-hill品质 Quality Assessed

33、using length,balance and range of flavor characteristics 6.葡萄酒与美食 Wine&Food基本原则基本原则 Basics葡萄酒可以清口 Wine refreshes the palate between bites食物和葡萄酒中的成分相辅相克 Elements in food and wine can complement or detract from each other红配红，白配白 Red to red,white to white6.葡萄酒与美食 Wine&Food基本原则基本原则 Basics葡萄酒的酒体与食物的食体搭配

34、Weight of wine matches weight of dish葡萄酒的风味与食物的风味相得益彰 Wine flavor may echo with food flavor葡萄酒的风味可以与食物形成对比 Wine flavor may contrast with food flavor复杂的菜配简单的酒，简单的酒配复杂的菜 Complex wines with simple dishes,simple wine with more complicated dishes6.葡萄酒与美食 Wine&Food各种成分的互相作用各种成分的互相作用 Components the interac

35、t酒精显热 Alcohol accentuates heat甜显酸 Sweetness accentuates acidity甜可以降低另外一种甜味 Sweetness reduces perception of tannin脂肪和蛋白质减少单宁带来的感觉 Fat and protein reduce perception of tannin食盐减少单宁带来的感觉 Salt reduces perception of tannin6.葡萄酒与美食 Wine&Foodv一般来说，葡萄酒都可以用来配菜，而且葡萄酒行业有句俗话叫“红酒配红肉，白酒配白肉。”讲的就是葡萄酒和菜肴的搭配。vGeneral

36、ly speaking,we can pare food with wines and theres a saying:Red Meat goes with Red Wine while White Meat goes with White Wine所谓的红肉就是指那些味道比较浓所谓的红肉就是指那些味道比较浓的肉类的肉类Red Meat refers to those kinds of meat with strong flavor牛肉 Beef/Steak羊肉 Lamb猪肉 Pork鹿肉 Deer兔肉 Rabbit狗肉 Dog鸭肉 Duck白肉则是一些口味稍微清淡的肉类和白肉则是一些口味稍微

37、清淡的肉类和其他的一些菜肴：其他的一些菜肴：White meat means those plain meat and other kinds of food海鲜 Seafood鸡肉 Chicken水果 Fruit 蔬菜 Vegetable色拉 Salad 奶酪 Cheese 面食 Pasta/Noodles6.葡萄酒与美食 Wine&Foodv葡萄酒有很多的种类，侍酒温度的选择对于品尝葡萄酒是至关重要的。一般来说，红葡萄酒可直接在室温下饮用，而白葡萄酒冰镇一下口味更佳。以下是一些葡萄酒的参考饮用温度：vThe appropriate serving temperature is of gre

38、at importance to wine tasting.The serving temperatures of wine are as follows：葡萄汽酒葡萄汽酒 Sparkling WineSparkling Wine 4646香槟酒香槟酒 ChampagneChampagne 69 69 酒体清淡的白葡萄酒酒体清淡的白葡萄酒 Light Bodied White WineLight Bodied White Wine69 69 酒体适中的白葡萄酒酒体适中的白葡萄酒 Medium Bodied White WineMedium Bodied White Wine810 810 酒体

39、丰厚的白葡萄酒酒体丰厚的白葡萄酒 Full Bodied White WineFull Bodied White Wine1416 1416 桃红酒桃红酒 Rose WineRose Wine 6 9 6 9 酒体清淡的红葡萄酒酒体清淡的红葡萄酒 Light Bodied Red WineLight Bodied Red Wine1214 1214 酒体适中的红葡萄酒酒体适中的红葡萄酒 Medium Bodied Red WineMedium Bodied Red Wine16 16 酒体浑厚的红葡萄酒酒体浑厚的红葡萄酒 Full Bodied Red WineFull Bodied Red

40、Wine18 18 6.葡萄酒与美食 Wine&Food李子味李子味 Plum薄荷味薄荷味 Mint烟草和香料味烟草和香料味 Tobacco and Spicy口感顺滑口感顺滑 Velvety草莓味草莓味 Strawberry黑梅味黑梅味Blackberry胡椒味胡椒味Pepper黑胡椒味黑胡椒味 Black PepperSome White Wine Descriptors青苹果味青苹果味 Green Apple甜瓜味甜瓜味 Melon无花果味无花果味 Fig桃子味桃子味 peach菠萝味菠萝味 Pine apple柠檬味柠檬味Lemon热带水果味热带水果味Tropical Fruit爽脆感爽脆感 Crisp