跨文化交际unit3课件教学内容.ppt

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1、跨文化交际Unit3课件Different Lands,Different Friendships In every country people value friendship.The difficulty is not a lack of appreciation of friendship,but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being.Who is a friend?What does a Frenchman mean when he says:“This

2、 is my good friend.”“This is my friend.”Who is closer to him?Simple translation from one language to another is difficult.Friendships in comparison American friendships:superficial,casual,situational or deep and enduring French friendships:are of the same sex,basically between men;demands a keen awa

3、reness of the others intellect,temperament and interests;are compartmentalize;not part of family life German friendships:more a matter of feeling,have much to do with family English friendships:based on shared activitiesCommon Elements in Friendships of Different Styles Friendship,in contrast with k

4、inship,is a matter of free choiceThe sense of being a special individualInevitably a kind of equality of give-and-takeSome Tools for Comparing and Contrasting CulturesKluckhohn&Strodtbecks Model(PP.85-89)Hofstedes Model(PP.99-105)Halls High-Context&Low-Context Cultures(PP.110-115)Kluckhohn&Strodtbec

5、ks ModelFive basic orientations:Human nature:good/evil?Relationship of man to nature:Man subjugated by nature;Man in harmony with nature;Man the master of natureSense of time:past,present,or future-orientedActivity:being,growing,or doingSocial relationships:authoritarian,group-oriented,or individual

6、isticHofstedes ModelFive dimensions:Individualism versus collectivismUncertainty avoidancePower distanceMasculinity versus femininityLong-term versus short-term orientationIndividualism versus collectivismThe degree to which a culture relies on and has allegiance to the self or the groupIndividualis

7、m:e.g.Australia,Belgium,the Netherland,and the U.S.Collectivism:e.g.Guatemala,Indonesia,Pakistan,and ChinaIndividualismIndividual:primary source of motivationIndependence,privacy,self,and the all-important IHighly individualistic,believing that people are only supposed to take care of themselves,and

8、 perhaps their immediate familyDecision making:based on what is good for the individual,not for the groupDealing with interpersonal problems:confrontational strategiesCollectivismGroup:the most important social unitsGroup-oriented,requiring an absolute loyalty to the groupObligations to the group,de

9、pendence of the individual on organizations and institutions,a“we”consciousness,and an emphasis on belongingDecision making:based on what is best for the groupDealing with interpersonal problems:avoidance,third-party intermediaries,or the other face-saving techniquesThe ingroup and the outgroupHofst

10、edes ModelUncertainty avoidance:the extent to which the culture feels threatened by ambiguous,uncertain situations and tries to avoid them by establishing more structurePower distance:the degree to which the culture believes that institutional and organizational power should be distributed unequally

11、 and the decisions of the power holders should be challenged or acceptedMasculinity versus femininity(achievement-nurturance):the degree to which a culture values such behaviors as assertiveness and the acquisition of wealth or caring for others and the quality of lifeLong-term versus short-term ori

12、entation:time-orientation,a persons point of reference about life and workHalls High-Context&Low-Context CulturesHigh-Context Cultures/Communication e.g.Japanese,Chinese,Korean culturesLow-Context Cultures/Communication e.g.German-Swiss,German,Scandinavian,American culturesHigh-Context Communication

13、 or MessageMost of the information is in the context or internalized in the person;Very little is in in the coded,explicit part of the message;Communication patterns of indirect verbal mode;Listeners“read between the lines”to infer the implicit intent of the verbal message;Listeners need to observe

14、the nonverbal nuancces and subtleties that accompany and enhance the verbal message;Stress the importance of multilayered contexts Low-Context Communication or MessageMost of the information is given in the explicit code;The context or situation plays a minimal role;Communication patterns of direct

15、verbal mode;Speakers send clear,persuasive message that listeners can easily decodeimplicit intent of the verbal message;Stress the importance of explicit verbal messages to convey personal thoughts,opinions,and feelings.Halls High-Context&Low-Context Cultures“I love you.Do you love me?”C:(blushing)

16、You guess A:(smiling)I love you more.你问我爱你有多深 我爱你有几分 你去想一想 你去看一看 月亮代表我的心Case Study A New ProcedureMs.Cooper:The new tracking procedure hasnt worked,has it?Mr.Wong:There were some small problems.Ms.Cooper:Whose idea was it anyway?Mr.Wong:We need to learn from this lesson.Ms.Cooper:Yes.It came from Mr

17、.Tungs division,didnt it?Mr.Wong:Many people worked on this proposal.Case Study 9 Hierarchical structure in Japan:-Depending mainly on seniority,social roles and gender-People in lower positions should be loyal and obedient to authorityAmerican culture:people are encouraged to challenge authority an

18、d voice their own opinions.Case Study 10 What is a company?The company in Japan:a big family-Manager take care of employees and the employees are expected to devote themselves(even sacrifice their own interests)to the development of the companyThe company in France:a loosely-knit social organization

19、-Individuals take care of themselves and their familiesDecision making in the family-In Japan:often females not involved,the right lies with the dominating maleMovie Appreciation:My Big Fat Greek WeddingIndividualism versus collectivism:U.S.A.200/Greece-34 Concept of the family:nuclear/extended fami

20、ly(family dinner;wedding)Uncertainty avoidance:U.S.A.-97/Greece 191 Toulas father:efforts to be isolated from American culture Ians father:tolerance for and acceptance of Greek culturePower distance:U.S.A.-90/Greece 2 Fathers authority in Greece Independence and social equality in U.S.A.此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢