定语从句语法课件--高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册.pptx

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1、定语从句专项3Revision Attributive Clause1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一_的从句叫定语从句定语从句。2.引导或连接定语从句的词叫：_ 3.被修饰的名词或代词：_ What is attritibutive clause?什么是定语从句？名词或代词名词或代词关系词先行词 关系词 关系代词代词：关系关系副词副词:指代名词的词指代名词的词whowhomthatwhichwhose人人物物wherewhenwhy表示表示方式方式的疑问副词的疑问副词地点地点时间时间原因原因从句句子从句句子成分不完整成分不完整从句句子从句句子成分完整成分完整Beijing,which is

2、the capital city of China,is a very beautiful city.主句中的表语主句中的表语主句主语主句主语定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.Danny was the man(that/who/whom)we resued from the ruins.He lives in a room whose window faces south.I can never

3、forget the day when I first saw you.After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.关系副词关系副词The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.Comparison当关系代词中指代物只用that不同which 的情况2.2.当形容词被当形容词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时修饰时3.3.当当先先行行词词被被all,all,every,

4、every,no,no,the the only,only,the the very,very,the lastthe last 等修饰时等修饰时4.4.当先行词既指当先行词既指人人，又指，又指物物时时1.1.当先行词为当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,all,everything,nothing,anything,muchmuch等不定代词时等不定代词时Please discuss it with your partnersCan you think about it?Comparison当关系代词中指代物只用which不用that 的情况当关系词前面

5、有介词，即引导含有当关系词前面有介词，即引导含有介词介词伴随其后伴随其后的先行词（物）的定语从句时的先行词（物）的定语从句时只能用只能用whichwhich,而不而不用用thatthatAfter living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.in which 因此，我们可以了解到

6、引导定语从句的关系词的结构除了单独的关系代词与关系副词外，还有“in+关系代词”结构。The thing has reached to the downtown _ he had lived for fifty 50 years.The reason _ he failed in the competition is his lateness.in which for which定语从句（3）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”New LessonThese terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom Guangxi

7、is home.These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people.Guangxi is home to them(the local Zhuang and Yao people).Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the area

8、s.They could grow rice in the areas.共同部分共同部分=where14Read the following sentences and combine them into one sentence.There comes Tom.I have been waiting for him for an hour.There comes Tom,for whom I have been waiting for an hour.汤姆来了，我等了他一个小时。him 作for的宾语He handed me a pen.I wrote down his phone numb

9、er with it.(it作介词with的宾语)He handed me a pen,with which I wrote down his phone number.他递给我一支钢笔，我用它写下了他的电话号码。介词+关系代词（指人-whom,指物-which）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句一、关系代词的确定二、关系代词前介词选择介词选择的原则三、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”的几种常见结构关系代词的确定关系代词的确定If you have anything on which you want my opinions,feel free to see me.“介介介介词词词词+

10、关关关关系系系系代代代代词词词词”结构既可以引导限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，也可以引导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句。在此结构中，关系代词 只 能 用 which(which(指指 物物)或或 whom(whom(指指 人人)，即“介 词+which/whom”，并且不能省略不能省略。I took a photo of the students,among whom was seated a teacher.“介介词词+关关系系代代词词(which/whom)(which/whom)”中介词的选择要遵循“一一先先、二二动动、三三意意义义”的原则。The factory in which I

11、m working mainly produces computers.我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。(in which代替 in the factory,“在工厂里”用介词in)关系代词前介词选择的原则关系代词前介词选择的原则“一先”,即根据先行词和介词的习惯先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。2.“二二动动”,即根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上,她没有一个人可以求助。to whom to whom 代替 to

12、 a personturn to sb for help“向某人求助”“三意义三意义”,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。In the office,I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,_ time many people have gone home.在办公室里，我要到下午5:30之后才能有点空闲,到那时,许多人已经回家了。by which21介词的位置介词的位置介词若与从句中的动词词组有关，可置于关系代词前，也可置于动词后，但若此介词与动词为固定词组，则此介词一般不前置。Yesterday we paid a visit to the

13、house in which Lu Xun once lived.Yesterday we paid a visit to the house which Lu Xun once lived in.This is the very pen that Im looking for.look for是固定词组，介词for不前置22 介词+关系代词”的其他相关知识在限制性定语从句中，介词前置时，关系代词不能用that，且不能省略；若介词后置，则可以用that，也可以省略。This is the school in which I studied 3years ago.This is the scho

14、ol(that/which)I studied in 3 years ago.1.“介词+which”在定语从句中,可作时间、地点和原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when，where和why.Ill never forget the days _(=when)we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。The police searched the house _(=where)the thief had stayed.警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”的几种常见结构的几种常见结构on whichin which这 个 结 构 中,代 词 常

15、 常 为 all，each，one，many,much,most,some,none,both等，“代词+of+which/whom”通常在定语从句中作主语,说 明整 体 中 的 一 部 分。有 时 候 也 可 把“of+which/whom”置于代词或数词前。He has lots of hobbies,_ is swimming.他有很多爱好,其中之一是游泳。one of which2.“代词代词/数词数词+of+which/whom+of+which/whom”引导定语从句。3.“the十名词+of which/whom”引导定语从句这个结构中，of which/whom 充当定语，修饰

16、前面的名词,整个结构相当于“whose十十名名词词”引导的定语从句。I saw some trees,_ (=whose leaves)were yellow with disease.我看见一些树,它们的叶子因害病而发黄。the leaves of which 真题在线（2019全国卷）They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on the others,among_ I stood found myself.A.that B.

17、which C.who D.whom(2019年全国卷)He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with _ hes first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.A.that B.them C.whom D.which DC(2019年全国卷)First,I wanted to be a fireman,_ uniform looked so cool.A.that B.which C.whose D.wh

18、om(2019年全国卷)Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton,_ the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.A.in which B.for which C.from which D.of whichCthe uniform of whomA【课堂小结】【课堂小结】小结“介词+关系代词”结构关系代词人 whom物 which 介 词根据定语从句中的谓语或形容词来确定根据先行词来确定根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定有时需要同时考虑动词和介词的

19、搭配关系及介词和先行词的搭配关系限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句句从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词从句与先行词的关系的关系标标 点点修饰修饰翻译从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整。从句和主句之间不用逗号逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号逗号分开从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句整个主句定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子He has a brother who is a physicist.他有一个当物理学家的

20、哥哥。他有一个当物理学家的哥哥。He has a brother,who is a physicist.他有一个哥哥，他是一个物理学家。他有一个哥哥，他是一个物理学家。Example ShowHe returned all the books which are written in English.他归还了所有用英语写的书。他归还了所有用英语写的书。He returned all the books,which are written in English.他归还了所有的书，那些书都是用英语写的。他归还了所有的书，那些书都是用英语写的。当先行词为专有名词或是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun,which gives us light,is very big.Special Case