学术综合英语Unit.ppt

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1、mainUnit 3Traffic2012Part A Section A Pre-listening-Background InformationPace Car In motorsport,a pace car or safety car is a car which limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of a caution period such as an obstruction on the track.During a caution period the pace car enters t

2、he track ahead of the leader.With fewexceptions,competitors are not allowed to pass the pace car or other competitors during a caution period,and the pace car leads the field at a pre-determined safe speed,Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningSection A Pre

3、-listening-Background Informationwhich may vary by series and circuit.At the end of the caution period,the pace car leaves the track and the competitors may resume racing.Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningSection A Pre-listening-Background InformationPr

4、e-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningDriving Simulator Driving Simulators are used for entertainment as well as in training of drivers education courses taught in educational institutions and private businesses.They are also used for research purposes in the

5、 area of human factors and medical research,to monitordrivers behavior,performance,and attention and in the car industry to design and evaluate new vehicles or new advanced driver assistance systems.Section A toll bridgesmotorsport:a collection of sports which primarily involve the use of motorized

6、vehicles,such as motorcycle racing,truck racing and motorboat racing.Part APart BSection A fuel taxadvanced driver assistance system:a system to help the driver in its driving process.When designed with a safe Human-Machine Interface,it should increase car safety and more generally road safety.Part

7、APart BSection A.New Words and ExpressionsPre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningpace car prescribed course driving simulator inebriated rear-endingpick up speed the overall flow of traffic driver performancehands-free model领驶车领驶车规定车道规定车道驾驶模拟器驾驶模拟器喝醉的喝醉的追尾追尾

8、加速加速整个车流量整个车流量驾驶员行为驾驶员行为免提式免提式Section A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListeningA news reporter is going to give a report on a research study on driving while talking on a cell phone.Section A Listen Task 1Listen to the report and try to ge

9、t its main ideas by taking notes.Fill in the blanks according to your notes.Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening1.What is this news report about?2.Why is driving while talking on a cell phone worse than driving while drunk?This news report is about

10、driving while talking on a cell phone._ _Because the research finds that those talking on a phone are more sluggish and slower in reacting._ _Section A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening3.Who holds that driving while talking on a cell

11、 phone is worse than driving while drunk?4.When was this statement made?The researchers at the University of Utah,USA._In the summer of 2006._Section A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening5.How was the conclusion obtained that driving w

12、hile talking on a cell phone is worse than driving while drunk?Using a driving simulator,the researchers compared 40 peoples driving abilities in three groups:on the phone,drunk,and with no distractions._Task 2.1Listen to the report again and try to answer the following questions.Pre-listeningListen

13、ingTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B1.How dangerous is driving while talking on the cell phone according to the report?It will increase the likelihood of an accident five-fold.2.In what way is driving while talking on the phone different from driving while drunk?Drunk

14、 drivers are aggressive,while those talking on the phone are more sluggish.Task 2.2Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B3.How much will driving while talking on the phone affect the driver?4.What is the governmental response to driving while on the c

15、ell phone?It will reduce the drivers reaction time by 9 percent in braking and 19 percent in picking up speed after braking.Some states have made laws to prohibit the use of cell phones while driving.Task 2.2Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B5.Is

16、the governmental legislation effective and why?It is not effective because the drivers will use the hands-free model,which is also dangerous.ScriptPart APart BDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29,2006 Thursday,June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talk

17、ing on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk,U.S.researchers report.That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device,the researchers noted.ScriptPart APart B “As a society,we have a

18、greed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,”said researcher Frank Drews,an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah.“This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk cell phones actually

19、 are a higher risk,”he said.His teams report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study,40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course,using a driving simulator.Some people drove while talking on a cell phone,othersScriptPart APart Bnavigated while drunk(meaning t

20、heir blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent),and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.“We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,”Drews said.Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non

21、-distracted drivers,the researchers found.The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated,the Utah team found.There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car.InScriptPart APart Bcontrast,there were no accidents recorded among par

22、ticipants who were drunk,or the sober,cell-phone-free group.The bottom line:Cell-phone use was linked to“a significant increase in the accident rate,”Drews said.He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone.Drunk drivers tended to be ag

23、gressive,while those talking on the phone were more sluggish,Drews said.In addition,the researchers found talking on thecell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking.“This is significant,because it has an impact on traffic

24、as a system,”Drews said.“If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down,the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,”he said.In response to safety concerns,some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving.But that type of legis

25、lation may not be effective,because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.ScriptPart APart BScriptPart APart BDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29,2006 Thurs

26、day,June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk,U.S.researchers report.That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device,the researcher

27、s noted.ScriptPart APart B “As a society,we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,”said researcher Frank Drews,an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah.“This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself

28、 and others to a similar risk cell phones actually are a higher risk,”he said.His teams report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study,40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course,using a driving simulator.Some people drove while talking on a cell phone,other

29、sScriptPart APart Bnavigated while drunk(meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent),and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.“We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,”Drews said.Drivers on cell phones were 5.3

30、6 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers,the researchers found.The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated,the Utah team found.There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car.InScriptPart APart Bc

31、ontrast,there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk,or the sober,cell-phone-free group.The bottom line:Cell-phone use was linked to“a significant increase in the accident rate,”Drews said.He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were

32、talking on the phone.Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive,while those talking on the phone were more sluggish,Drews said.In addition,the researchers found talking on thecell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking.“This i

33、s significant,because it has an impact on traffic as a system,”Drews said.“If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down,the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,”he said.In response to safety concerns,some states have outlawed the use of hand-hel

34、d cell phones while driving.But that type of legislation may not be effective,because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.ScriptPart APart BSection B Background InformationPre-listeningListeningNew W

35、ords and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BNias Island Nias Island lies about 125 km of west Sumatra Island on the Indian Ocean.It is part of North Sumatra Province.The water surrounding the island is great for sea activities,such as surfing and scuba diving.Surfers will call this island“

36、Paradise on Earth”,for its bay challenges surfers with spectacular waves.In high seasons,the waves are told to be as high as 3.5 meters.Nias ceremonial stone jumpNias war danceL-B-P.2Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BSimeulue Regency Simeulue Regency is

37、 a regency in the Aceh province of Indonesia.It occupies a whole island of Simeulue,150 km of the west coast off Sumatra.Its people are similar to the people in the neighboring Nias Island,with a language that differs from mainland Aceh.Most of people of Simeulue are Muslim.L-B-P.3Pre-listeningListe

38、ningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BRed Crescent Red Crescent is a branch of the Red Cross that operates in Muslim countries.The Red Crescent emblem was first used by ICRC volunteers during the armed conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Russia(1877 1878).The symbol was

39、officially adopted in 1929,and so far(as of 2009)33 Islamic states have recognized it.L-B-P.New Words and ExpressionsPre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BtsunamidevastateNias IslandThe Associated Press ablazestaffthe U.N.emergencyrelief coordinator海啸海啸使荒芜使

40、荒芜尼亚斯岛尼亚斯岛美国联合通讯社（美联社）美国联合通讯社（美联社）着火着火担任担任的职员的职员联合国紧急救援联合国紧急救援事务协调员事务协调员L-B-P.New Words and ExpressionsPre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart Btemblorepicentercourse of actionin the wake ofSimeulue IslandRed Crescentevacuatethe Pacific Tsunami Warning Center地

41、震地震震中震中行动计划行动计划在在之后之后锡默卢岛锡默卢岛红新月会红新月会撤离撤离太平洋海啸预警中心太平洋海啸预警中心 Task 1A news reporter is going to report a disaster in Indonesia.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BTask 1Listen to the news and try to get its main ideas by taking notes.Fill in the blank

42、s according to your notes.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsLate Monday._1.When did the quake in this news report happen?Near Nias Island,off the west coast of Indonesia._2.Where was the quake?At least 300 people died and hundreds were injured._3.

43、How many people died or were injured in the earthquake?Task 1Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details4.How big was the quake?Between 8.5 and 8.7._The aid officials._5.Who met to plan a course of action?Task 2Listen to the news again and try to answer th

44、e following questions.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details1.What did people do to keep safe during the quake?People ran to hilltops for safety.2.Were there any tsunamis after the earthquake?No tsunamis happened after the earthquake.3.In which area w

45、ere people urged to leave home for safety?Residents within 1,000 kilometers(620 miles)of the epicenter were asked to evacuate coastal regions.Task 2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details4.Which countries issued tsunami warnings when the quake struck?I

46、ndia,Malaysia and Thailand.5.Which countries were affected by the quake?It was felt in Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore and as far north as Bangkok,Thailand.L-B-L.1 ScriptQuake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian IslandVice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be Dead (CNN)A major earthquake struck off the wes

47、t coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds;but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded.On Indonesias Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured or trapped,said government spokesman Agus Mendrova.But internati

48、onal news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.Part APart BL-B-L.1 Script “It is predicted and its still a rough estimate that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000,”Vice President Jusuf Kalla told the el-Shinta rad

49、io station,according to The Associated Press.Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed,and the islands public market was ablaze,Mendrova said.Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami,Mendrova said.Many of the doctors and nurses who normally would staff the ho

50、spital fled to higher ground.L-B-L.1 Script “We have not heard of any tsunami hitting anywhere,”Jan Egeland,the U.N.emergency relief coordinator,told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck.Still,Egeland said,the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties on islands close t