Unit9 grammar.ppt

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1、EllipsisUnit9 grammar简单句中的省略1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(3)(It)Doesntmatter.(4)(I)Begyourpardon.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.(2)(Isthere)Anythingwrong?(3)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?(4)What/How(doyouthink)aboutapples?(5)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim

2、?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:(1)Areyougoingthere?-Yes,Idliketo(gothere).(2)Hedidntgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).(3)Areyouanengineer?-No,butIwanttobe.(4)Hehasntfinishedthetaskyet.-Well,heoughttohave.4、省略表语 (1)Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).(2)Hisbroth

3、erisntlazy,norishissister(lazy).5、同时省略几个成分 (1)Letsmeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.(2)-Haveyoufinishedyourwork?-(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.并列句中的省略 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.(3)Whensummercomes,thedayi

4、sgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略(1)(Im)Sorry to hear you are ill.(2)(Its a)Pity that he missed a good chance.2、主句中有一些成分被省略(1)Is he coming back tonight?-I think so.(2)She must be busy now?-If so,she cant go with us.(3)Is she feeling better today?-

5、Im afraid not.(4)Do you think he will attend the meeting?-I guess not.这这种用法常种用法常见见的有：的有：How so?Why so?Is that so?I hope so.He said so.I suppose/believe/hope not.其他省略1、连词的that省略 (1)(1)宾语从句中常省略连词宾语从句中常省略连词thatthat，但也有不能省略，但也有不能省略 的情况。的情况。(2)(2)在定语从句中在定语从句中，thatthat在从句中作宾语时在从句中作宾语时可省略可省略.另外，凡是另外，凡是进行时态

6、和被动语态的定语从句都可进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和省略关系代词和be be 动词。动词。2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分 (1)When(he was)still a boy of 10,he had to work day and night.(2)She tried her best though(she was)rather poor in health.(3)If(you are)asked you may come in.(4)If(it is)necessary Ill explain to you again.一、时

7、间状语从句中的省略一、时间状语从句中的省略 1.When(hewas)veryyoung,hebegantolearntoplaythepiano.2.While(Iwas)atcollege,Ibegantoknowhim,astrangebutablestudent.3.Whenarriving,sendmeatelegram.(Whenyouarrive,sendmeatelegram.)4.Dontcomeinuntil(youare)askedto.5.Whenever(itis)possible,youshouldcomeandhelp.6.Youshouldletusknowth

8、eresultassoonas(itis)possible.注：注：as as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说略现象。我们不可说Aswalking,shefoundaniceshiningthingontheground.二、地点状语从句中的省略二、地点状语从句中的省略 1.Laythesebookswherepossibleyoucanfindthemeasily.2.Putinarticleswherevernecessaryinthefollowingpassages.三、条件状语从句中的省略三、条件状语从句中的省略 常用句型常用句型:i

9、fnecessary,ifpossible,iftrue,ifanyone等。等。1.Sendthegoodsnowif(theyare)ready.Hewillcomeif(heis)asked.2.If(itis)necessary,ringmeathome.3.Comealongwithmeif(itis)possible.4.If(itis)true,thiswillcasueusalotoftrouble.5.Therearefewpeoplenowadays,if(thereare)any,whorememberhim.6.Youshouldstaywhereyouare,unle

10、ss(youare)askedtoleave.四、让步状语从句中的省略四、让步状语从句中的省略 1.Heisagoodman,thoughsometimes(heis)ratherdull.2.Evenif(Iam)invitedto,Iwontgotosuchabadlecture.五、比较状语从句中的省略五、比较状语从句中的省略 1.Shecanplaythepianojustaswonderfullyasyou(do).2.Shehasfinishedtheworkearlierthan(ithasbeen)expected.六、方式状语从句中的省略六、方式状语从句中的省略 asif/a

11、sthough后还可加后还可加n./a./ad./介词短介词短语语/现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词/不定式。不定式。1.Heactsasif(hewere)afool.2.Hetalkedtothestrangerasif(hewere)absent-minded.3.Heopenedthedesk,asif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.4.Theboyisrunningimpatientlyhereandthereasif(heis)searchingforsomethinglostonthesportsground.5.Thefootballp

12、layerisrollingonthegroundasif(heis)hurtbadlyintheleg.6.Hemovedhislipsasif(hewanted)tospeak.3、不定式符号to的省略(1)(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.to.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.(2)help(2)help 当当“帮助帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号式符号to to可带可不带可带可不带.Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.(3)(3)介

13、词介词butbut前若有动词前若有动词do,do,后面的不定式不带后面的不定式不带 to.to.Theboydidnothingbutplay.(4)(4)某些某些使役动词（使役动词（let,make,havelet,make,have）及感官动词）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen tolisten to等等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去定要省去 to,to,但在被动语态中须将但在被动语态中须将to

14、 to 复原。复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.(5)(5)主语从句中有动词主语从句中有动词dodo,后面作表语的不定式后面作表语的不定式的的 to to可带可不带。可带可不带。Allwecandonowis(to)wait.(6)find(6)find 当当“发现发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号的不定式符号to to可带可不带。可带可不带。Wefoundhim(to

15、)workveryhardattheexperiment.但如果是不定式但如果是不定式 to be to be，则不能省略，则不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。(1)Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.(2)(2)WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.(3)(3）Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe

16、).EXERCISES1.She can hold her longer than I can hold my breath.2.Do not bathe if you do not want to bath.3.She could not decide whether to go on a trip or not to go on a trip.4.They had a meal ,they went out for a walk and they came Back to sleep.1.If_,well continue our experiment after office hours

17、.A.being necessary B.be necessaryC.is necessary D.necessary2.Raining hard,_?A doesnt it B.does it C.is it D.isnt it3.Have you been here long?A.No,not very B.Not muchC.Yes,only little D.No,only yesterday4.-Does your brother intend to study German?-Yes,he intends_.A./B.to C.so D.that DD（A）B1.Generally

18、speaking,_accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenB2.Though_money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinC3.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

19、A4.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunD5.If_thesametreatmentagain,hessuretogetwell.A.GivingB.giveC.givenD.beinggivenC6.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,_.A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakew

20、asdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlakeD7.-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant_,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingit8.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoBA9.What would have hap

21、pened _,as far as the river bank?A.he had walkedfartherB.ifheshould*C.hadhe*D.ifhe*C10.-Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?-_.A.I dont believe B.I dont believe itC.I believe not so D.I believe not D11.-What do you think made Mary upset?-_her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.B

22、ecause of losingC12.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and_.A.the other is white B.another whiteC.the other white D.another is white13.-Would you like some wine?-Yes,just _.A.little B.very little C.a little D.a fewCC14.-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.IdbehappytoD