关于高考英语词语的辨析.docx

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1、关于高考英语词语的辨析高考英语词语辨析：all, every, each的区分1. 三者都可用来概括全体，但强调重点不同：all(全部)是整体性地考虑总体(具有概括性)，every (每个)是考虑总体中的全部成员(与 all 很接近)，each (每个)是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性)。比较：All men die. 全部的人都是要死的。Every man dies. 每一个人都要死的。Each man must die alone. 人都必定会一个个地死去。2. all 和 each 既可作形容词(其后接名词)，也可用作代词( 单独运用或后接 of 短语);而 every 却只能用作形容词

2、(其后接名词)，不能用作代词(即不能单独运用或后接 of 短语)。如：正：all books / Each is good. 全部的书 / 每个都很好。误：every of the books / Every is good.3. each 和 every 之后通常接单数可数名词，用作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。如：Each (man) does his own work. 各人做自己的工作。Every student in the school passed the swimming test. 这个学校的每个学生都通过了游泳测试。若后接两个用 and 连接的名词，其谓语依旧用单数。如：Eve

3、ry Each man and woman knows it. 每个男人和女人都知道此事。但是，each 用于复数主语后作同位语，后面的谓语用复数。如：The students each have a dictionary. 学生每人有一本字典。4.each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every 指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each。如：There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。5. every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰，但 each 却不能。如：差不多每个学生都读过这本书。正：Almost e

4、very student has read the book.误：Almost each student has read the book.高考英语词语辨析：about, on, with用法辨异这三个介词的用法既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：1. 三者均可表示“随身带着”，有时可互换。如：I have no money about on, with me. 我身边没带钱。2. 严格说来，这三个词是有区分的：(1) about 一般指随身带的小物品。如：Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上带圆珠笔了吗?2) with 多指带较大的东西(也可指较

5、小的东西)。如：He took an umbrella with him. 他随身带了把伞。3) on 表示带在身上(如在口袋里)。如：Have you any money on you? 你身上带着钱吗?注：此例若用 with 或 about，则不肯定放在身上，可能放在皮包里等。3. 用于引申义，表示某人或某物的特性或特征，通常用 about。如：There is something noble about him. 他有一种名贵的气质。He always has his wits about him. 他一向不失机灵。We can see something beautiful about

6、 the old cottage. 从这座古老的小屋本身我们可以看到一些美的东西。注：以上用法中的 about 有时可与介词 in 换用，前者侧重指外在表现，后者侧重指内在素养。高考英语词语辨析：after 与 behind 用法辨析两者均可表示“在之后”，既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：1. after 主要用于时间或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：He decided to leave after lunch. 他确定午饭后离开。Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在

7、邮局后面。注：behind 有时也用于时间，表示“迟于”，主要用于 behind time(迟，晚)这一习语。如：The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点 20 分钟。2. 两者都可用于引申义，after 侧重指追求、找寻、仿照等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。Many young people are after her. 很多年青人都追求她。We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。He is behind the others

8、 in maths. 他的数学不如别人。高考英语词语辨析：accident 与 incident辨析1. accident 指偶然发生的不幸事务，即“事故”;incident 则指一般的小事务，也指暴力性的政治事务。如：About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最惊奇的事情之一。The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。2. 在

9、习语 by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到这个钱包纯属偶然。高考英语词语辨析：如何辨析area, region 与 district三者均可表示“地区”，区分如下：1. area 是这组词中用得最广的，表示的“地区”可大可小，但通常不指行政分区。如：I find the people in this area very friendly. 我发觉这个 地方的人很友好。2. region 通常指较大的地区，它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区，也可以指非行政分区。如：The southea

10、st is the richest of England. 英国的东南部是最富有的。Italy is divided into 20 regions. 意大利被分为20个行政区。其他用例：the Arctic region 北极地区 an oil region 石油产区in country regions 在农村地区 a forest region 林区3. district 指相对于 region 稍小的地区，通常指一个国家或城市的行政分区，有时也指非行政分区。如：The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 这几个字母

11、代表伦敦的邮政分区。The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最喧闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。高考英语抓分训练：动词和动词短语辨析1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't_and choose.A.pick B.takeC.start D.mind2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident

12、, while 15 others, their teacher included, were _ dead by the afternoon.A.convinced B.describedC.committed D.confirmed3. The colour of that Tshirt _ and made all the other clothes pink.来源:A.went B.disappearedC.ran D.fell4. It _ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.A.to

13、ok B.neededC.spent D.shared5. Lucy has _ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.A.acquired B.finishedC. concluded D.achieved6. He has talents by which he might _ _ himself.A.expose B.admireC.distinguish D.hide7.The US government on Wednesday

14、 _ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.A.accumulated B.reflectedC.distinguished D.confirmed8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to _ on us the significance of being independent.A.

15、base B.impressC.focus D.rely9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are _ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.来源:A.breaking B.pouring来源:C.filling D.squeezing10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be _， and nothing hidde

16、n that will not be made known.A.criticized B.definedC.estimated D.revealed11.Learning to _ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.A.create B.liveC.share D.learn12.Recently the south of our country has been worst _ by the drought.A.impressed B.affectedC.expressed D.designed

17、13.Your daughter _ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.A.promises B.agreesC.expects D.pretends14.It's no surprise she's leaving the courseshe's never really_.A.fitted in B.showed upC.given in D.burnt up15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, b

18、ut could not _ what he was talking abou t.A.pick out B.bri ng outC.make out D.give out16.Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be _ at the door.A.turned away B.turned outC.turned off D.turned up17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will _ hap

19、py memories of my stay in New York.A.call off B.call forC.call up D.call on18. The secretary has a lot of things to _ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.A.take up B.make upC.work out D.carry out19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to_a conversation.A.go on B.ke

20、ep onC.carry on D.take on20.Shall I _ the raincoat?No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.A.put away B.put onC.put forward D.put up21. A wellwritten composition _ good choice of words and clear organization.A.calls on B.call s forC.calls up D.calls off22.Why are you _ your things?Well, t

21、he fact is, I've decided to leave.A.picking up B.packing upC.putting up D.taking up23.A cellphone could _the energy which could activate your brain.A.give away B.give offC.give back D.give up24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that _.A.counts B.valuesC.minds

22、D.means25.That pretty girl really _ my eye the moment the performance started.A.caught B.heldC.pulled D.fixed26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to _down their expenses.A.cut B.putC.turn D.settle27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre_ air quality in u

23、rban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.A.distributes B.arrangesC.classifies D.divides28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A.spot B.dismissC.shelter D.distinguish29. M

24、y brother is very tall. The little bed won't _ for him.A.prepare B.matchC.fit D.do30.If your son keeps practising, he _ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.A.wants B.hopesC.promises D.wishes31.Both parents and teenagers sh

25、ould try their best to communicate more with each other and _ the gap between them.A.open B.adjustC.narrow D.reduce32.What you should do is just _ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.A.watch B.noticeC.sense D.attend33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to _ modern knowledge society in which

26、 all people can participate in information and knowledge.A.make up B.polish upC.build up D.give up34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to _ how to ban smoking in public places.A.look through B.get throughC.figure out D.take out35.The public _ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devot

27、ed himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(杂交水稻).A.live up to B.look up toC.come up with D.put up with36.Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.Yes, that might _ why he did so badly in the last test.A.answer for B.apply forC.account for D.call for37.We did have a quarrel about money la

28、st night, but now we have already _.A.taken up B.made upC.put up D.brought up38.More and more rich people have promised to _ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.A.give away B.give upC.give out D.give off39.It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing

29、children.A.look upon B.look afterC.look into D.look out40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to _ his acceptance in writing.A.confirm B.conveyC.convince D.consider41.Remember to _ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.A.take up B.brush upC.ge

30、t up D.keep up42.Had she _ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.A.looked up to B.lived up toC.kept up with D.come up with43.Just as Professor Scotti often _ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.A.gets B.makesC.puts D.means44.The keys were _ to our neighbours du ring

31、 our absence.A.given out B.given awayC.given over D.given up答案详解：1.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的挚友建议他应当做他能得到的任何工作而不应当挑挑拣拣。2.D 考查动词辨析。句意：有报告称，5人在这次意外事故中当场死亡，然而另外的15人包括他们的老师在内截止到下午被证明死亡。be confirmed dead被证明死亡。3.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处run意为“褪色”。句意：那件T恤衫的颜色掉了，把其他全部衣服都染成了粉红色。4.A 考查动词的用法。此处it为形式主语，后面的to make the break with his

32、family是真正的主语。5.D 考查动词词义辨析。此处achieve意为“完成，做到，获得(成功等)，达到(目的)”，指克服困难之后取得胜利、成就或实现预期的目标，强调结果。依据其宾语all of the goals可推断出“Lucy达到/实现了全部的目标”。acquire 取得，获得;finish 完成，结束;conclude 结束，终止。6.C 考查动词辨析。此处expose 意为“揭露，揭发;使曝光;显示”;admire意为“敬佩;赞美”;distinguish 意为“区分;辨别;使杰出，使表现突出 ”;hide 意为“隐藏;隐瞒”。句意：他有一些别于常人的实力。7.D 考查动词词义辨

33、析。此处confirm sb as意为“任命某人为”。句意：星期三美国政府任命原商务部部长Gary Locke为中国大使，使他成为第一个担当这个职位的美籍华人。8.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处impress on sb sth意为“使意识到某事”。句意：格林女士常常说：“天助自助者”，她有意识地使我们意识到独立的重要性。9.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处pour into意为“涌向”。句意：大城市房价始终上升的缘由之一是人们大量地涌入过度拥挤的大城市。10.D 考查动词词义辨析。criticize指责;define限制;estimate估计;reveal揭发，揭露。句意：不要胆怯，没有不被揭露的事情

34、，任何隐藏的事情都得被人们知道。11.C 考查动词词义辨析。create创建;live生活;share共享;learn学习。句意：学会共享可以使人在工作和生活中与他人相处得更简单。12.B 考查动词词义辨析。impress刻印;affect影响;express表达;design设计。句意：最近，我国南方受到了最严峻的旱灾的影响。来源:13.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise表示“很可能，预示”。agree同意;expect期盼;pretend假装。句意：你女儿有可能成为闻名的音乐家，所以你应当让她练习弹钢琴。14.A 考查动词短语辨析。fit in适应，合得来;show up 出现，露面

35、;give in屈服;burn up烧光。句意：她离开这个课程一点儿也不惊奇。她从来没有真正适应过。15.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处make out意为“弄明白”。句意：我细致地听了他冗长而令人厌烦的演讲，但没能明白他在讲什么。16.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处turn away意为“拒绝”。句意：我们排队等了一个小时，结果在门口被拒绝了。17.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处call up意为“唤起”。句意：每当我看到这些照片，它们就会唤起我在纽约的美妙回忆。18.B 考查动词短语辨析。 句意：秘书要把办公室留下的很多事补回来，因为她已经外出好多天了。make up“弥补”，符合语境。take up

36、占据;work out算出;carry out执行。都不合句意。19.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处carry on意为“接着”。句意：饭店太吵闹了，我们很难接着谈话。20.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处put away意为“把收起”。句意：“我把雨衣收起来好吗?”“不急。把它放在原处。天看起来要下雨。”21.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一篇写得好的文章须要好的措词和清楚的结构。此处call for意为“须要”。22.B 考查动词短语辨析。此处pack up意为“整理”。句意：“你为什么整理你的东西?”“事实是我确定离开。”23.B give away 捐赠; give off 发出，放出;give

37、back 归还;give up 放弃。故选B。24.A 考查 动词词义辨析。句意：你挣多少钱不重要，重要的是你怎样挣钱。25.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处catch one's eye意为“吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的留意”。26.A 考查动词短语辨析。cut down削减，缩短，砍倒;put down放下，写下，指责，讽刺，贬损;turn down关小，调低，拒绝;settle down安排下来。与费用(expenses)有关时，常用削减(cut down)费用。句意：当价格飞涨时，很多人做出了削减费用的举措。故A为最佳答案。27.C 考查动词辨析。句意：国家环境监控中心把城市空气质量分

38、成五级。cla ssify 表示“分类”，故选C项。distribute 安排，散布;arrange 支配;divide 分割，分开。28.C 考查动词辨析。依据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子供应“庇护”，让他们避开各种危急，无论是真实的，还是想象的。spot认出，发觉; dismiss开除，解散; distinguish区分。都不符合语意。shelterfrom 爱护免受(危急等)。29.D 考查动词辨析。do for sb意思是“适合，对有效”。30.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise意为“有希望成为”。句意：“假如你的儿子坚持训练，他有望成为我们省闻名的跨国飞行员。”“我特别兴奋，

39、也很感谢你，李老师。”31.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处narrow意为“缩小，使变窄”。32.A 考查动词词义辨析。watch关注;notice留意到;sense感觉;attend参与。句意：你应当做的事就是看着牛奶直到它开了，然后关掉煤气。33.C 考查动词短语。题意：建立现代化的学问社会，让全部人都能参加信息与学问，是联合国教科文组织的主要目标之一。build up建立;make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆;polish up改善，润色;give up放弃。34.C 考查动词短语辨析。look through看穿，阅读;get through做完，通过;figure out解决，想出

40、方法;take out拿出，取出。句意：经过几十年的努力，这座城市仍旧在试图解决如何禁止在公共场合吸烟的问题。35.B 考查动词短语辨析。依据语意“人们敬重袁隆平，这位全身心地投入杂交水稻探讨的伟人”可知选B项。look up to 敬重;live up to 不辜负，达到;come up with 提出，想到;put up with 容忍，忍受。36.C 考查动词短语辨析。语境：那有可能是他上次考试考得如此糟糕的缘由。account for 是的缘由，说明，说明;answer for 对负责;apply for 向申请;call for 须要。37.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：昨天晚上我们的

41、确因为钱的问题吵了一架，但现在我们已经和好了。留意关键信息did have a quarrel和but。take up占据(时、空)，从事;make up弥补，和解;put up举起，张贴;bring up教化，培育，提出。依据句意可知B项正确。38.A 考查动词短语辨析。give away分发;give up放弃;give out 用完，分发，发出;give off发出(气味，热、光等)。句意：越来越多的富人承诺他们死后把他们的财产分发下去以帮助穷人及残疾人。39.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：据报道，警察很快会调查两名失踪儿童的案件。look into调查;look upon敬重; look after照看; look out当心。40.A 考查动词词义辨析。confirm承认，确认;convey传递;convince劝服;consider 考虑。依据句意选A。41.D 考查动词短语辨析。此处keep up意为“保持”。句意：即使你失败多次，你也要记得保持良好的心态。42.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如她不辜负她的诺言的话，她会胜利地进入耶鲁高校。43.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处put意为“说，表达”。句意：正如Scotti教授所说，胜利取决于99%的精神看法。44.C 考查动词短语的用法。句意：当我们不在时，我们把钥匙交给了我们的邻居。此处give over意为“交给”。