基于单片机交通灯设计.doc

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1、摘 要近年来随着科技的飞速发展，单片机的应用正在不断深入，同时带动传统控制检测技术日益更新。在实时检测和自动控制的单片机应用系统中，单片机往往作为一个核心部件来使用，仅单片机方面知识是不够的，还应根据具体硬件结构软硬件结合，加以完善。在大、中城市，十字道口的红绿灯是交通法规的无声命令，是司机和行人的行为准则。十字道口的交通红绿灯控制是保证交通安全和道路畅通的关键。当前，国内大多数城市正在采用“自动”红绿交通灯，它具有固定的“红灯绿灯”转换间隔，并自动切换。它们一般由“通行与禁止时间控制显示、红黄绿三色信号灯和方向指示灯”三部分组成。在交通灯的通行与禁止时间控制显示中，通常要么东西、南北两方向各

2、50秒；要么根据交通规律，东西方向60秒，南北方向40秒，时间控制都是固定的。交通灯的时间控制显示，以固定时间值预先“固化”在单片机中，每次只是以一定周期交替变化。但是，实际上不同时刻的车辆流通状况是十分复杂的，是高度非线性的、随机的，还经常受认为因素的影响。采用定时控制经常造成道路有效应用时间的浪费，出现绿灯方向车辆较少，红灯方向车辆积压。其最大的缺陷就在于当路况发生变化时，不能满足司机与路人的实际需要，轻者造成时间上的浪费，重者直接导致交通堵塞。 关键词：单片机 交通灯 Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of scie

3、nce and technology, the application of SCM is at the same time, traditional detection techniques to control the growing update. In real-time detection and automatic control system of single-chip applications, often as a single-chip core component to use only single-chip is not enough knowledge, but

4、also the structure of hardware and software in accordance with the specific combination of hardware, to be improved.In large, medium city, cross the traffic light crossing traffic laws are silent command, the driver and pedestrian behavior. Cross the traffic lights crossing traffic control and road

5、safety is to ensure that the key to open. At present, most domestic cities are the automatic red and green traffic lights, it has fixed the red light - green light conversion interval, and automatically switch. They are generally from the prohibition of passage-time control and display, red, yellow,

6、 and green three-color indicator lights and the direction of the three parts. In the traffic lights to control traffic and to prohibit the display of time, usually either something the two north-south direction of 50 seconds; or in accordance with traffic laws, an east-west direction for 60 seconds,

7、 40 seconds north-south direction, are fixed-time control. Time control of traffic lights show that the value of pre-fixed time curing in the single-chip microcomputer in each cycle, only certain changes in the turn. But, in fact, traffic flow at different moments the situation is very complex, high

8、ly non-linear, random, often influenced by that. Used regularly to control the effective application of the road often a waste of time, the direction of the vehicle appeared less green light, red light direction of the backlog of vehicles. Its biggest flaw is that when road conditions change, can no

9、t meet the driver and the actual needs of pedestrians, light caused a waste of time, are a direct result of heavy traffic congestion. Key words: Single-chip traffic lights目 录前言1第一章 绪论2第二章 设计方案3第一节 设计要求3第二节 设计方案优选3第三节 系统总框图4第三章 硬件设计6第一节 80C51芯片6第二节 8255芯片8第三节 74LS373芯片 9第四节 时间及信号的显示 10第四章 软件设计13一、每秒钟的设定13二、 计数器硬件延时13三、软件延时14四、 程序设计15总结语16参考文献17致谢18