高考英语第一轮复习 第一部分课文 Module 8 Unit 2 Cloning课件.ppt

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1、第一部分第一部分 基础模块夯实基础模块夯实 Module8Unit2Cloning2021/8/11星期三1SectionI.课本扫描课本扫描词词汇汇部部分分词词形形变变化化1.objectvi.不赞成；反对objectionn.不赞成；反对2.popularadj.流行的，通俗的popularityn.普及；流行；名望 popularizevt.使普及，使流行 3.resist v.抵抗，忍耐resistancen.抵抗力,反抗 resistantn.抵抗者adj.反抗的4.decoratevt.装饰，装潢decorationn.装饰(品)，装潢5.argumentn.论点；论据arguev

2、t.争论6.reasonn.理由；理性 v.说服；推论reasonableadj.合理的unreasonableadj.不合理的；荒唐的2021/8/11星期三2重点重点单词单词 1.differvi.不同；相异 2.undertakevt.着手；从事；承担3.forbidvt.禁止；不准4.accumulatevt.&vi.积累；聚积5.owevt.欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于 6.retirevi.退休；离开7.bothervt.打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰8.obtainvt.获得；赢得9.straightforwardadj.简单的；直接的；坦率的10.undertakevt.着手；从事

3、；承担11.regulationn.规则；规章；法规12.strikevi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工 n.罢工；打击13.resistvt.抵抗；对抗2021/8/11星期三3重点重点词组词组1.objectto反对2.infavorof赞成；支持3.beboundtodo一定或注定(做)4.beingood/poor/excellentcondition处于（好的坏的极佳的）状况5.castdown使沮丧6.payoff得到好结果；取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清7.bringbacktolife使复生；使复活重点句型重点句型Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormall

4、ywasveryencouraging.重点重点语语法法同位语从句（见语法专题P322）2021/8/11星期三4一、核心单词一、核心单词1.differdifvi.不同；相异 differencen.不同之处 differentadj.不同的 (1)Theirhousediffersfrommineinhavingnogarage.他们的房子与我的不同在于他们的没有车库。(2)Thetwosidesstilldifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。归纳：归纳：AdiffersfromBin.A与B在方面不同 Adiffer

5、swithBabout/on/over.A与B就意见相左2021/8/11星期三5小练：小练：根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。(1)Thetwosquaresdiffer_(介词)colorbutnot_(介词)size.(2)Thehusbanddiffers_(介词)thewife_(介词)whoistotakechargeofthemoney.(3)Thisisadifferentcar_(介词)theoneIdroveyesterday.ininwithon/about/overfrom2021/8/11星期三62.undertake,ndteikvt.(undertook;

6、undertaken)着手；从事；承担(1)Heundertooktheresponsibilityforthesechanges.他承担了做出这些改变的责任。(2)Sheundertooktopaythemoneybackinonemonth.她答应在一个月之内还钱。小练：小练：汉译英（1）她答应在周五之前完成那份工作。_（2）我将保证你的安全。_归纳：归纳：undertaketodosth.同意做某事 undertakefor为负责 undertake+that从句；保证SheundertooktofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.Illundertakeforyours

7、ecurity.2021/8/11星期三73.forbidfbid vt.(forbade/forbad;forbidden)禁止；不准Iforbidyoutotellanyone.我不准你告诉任何人。小练：小练：汉译英（1）老师禁止在教室里制造噪声。_（2）他爸爸不准他和她交谈。_（3）要禁止小孩子玩电脑游戏很难。_归纳：归纳：forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事 forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事Theteacherforbidsmakingnoisesintheclassroom.Hisfatherforbadehimtotalktoher.Itishardtoforb

8、idchildrentoplaycomputergames.2021/8/11星期三84.strikestraikvi.&vt.(struck，struck)打；撞击；罢工n.罢工，打击(1)Thebombersmadeasuddenstrikeontheharbor.轰炸机对这港口进行了一次突然袭击。(2)Thedockersarecomingoutonstrikeforhigherwages.码头工人将举行罢工要求增加工资。小练：用strike的适当短语填空(1)Thescene_terror_hisheart.(2)Theworkersinthatfactorydecidedto_,bu

9、tthegovernmenttriedtobrokeitup.归纳归纳:strikeintoonesheart使刻骨铭心 breakupastrike破坏罢工 callastrike发动罢工struckintocallastrike2021/8/11星期三95.oweu vt.欠；应该把归功于；感激，感恩(1)Heoweshisfather50pounds.=Heowes50poundstohisfather.他欠他父亲50英镑。(2)WeowethisdiscoverytoNewton.我们的这一发现要归功于牛顿。归纳归纳 oweto把归功于；应感激owesb.sth.(=owesth.to

10、sb.)欠某人某物owingto由于（短语介词，后接名词、代词或 动名词）小练 用owe的适当短语填空。(1)Hepaidmethe200dollarshe_me.(2)Heoweshisgoodhealth_plentyofexerciseandaregularlife.(3)Heowes100dollars_me.(4)_thebadweather,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.owedtotoOwingto2021/8/11星期三106.retireritaivi.退休(役)；退出，撤退(1)Hewillretirefromthearmynextyear.他明年从部

11、队退役。(2)Ourforcesretiredtopreparedpositions.我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。归纳归纳retirefrom.从退休(役)/退出retire(from.)(to.)退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）小练小练根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或翻译(1)She_(retire)nextyearafter30yearswiththecompany.(2)Hewasforcedto_(提前退出)teachingbecauseofillhealth.(3)Heisa_(retire)airlinepilot.isretiringretireearlyfromretir

12、ed2021/8/11星期三117.botherbvt.打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰 (1)Iambusy;dontbothermenow.我很忙，现在别打扰我。(2)Iamsorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmethetime.对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点?归纳：归纳：bothertodosth.=bother(about)doingsth.费心做某事 Bothersb.todosht.麻烦某人做某事 Botherwith/aboutsb./sth.关心某人/某事小练：小练：根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。(1)Dont_(get)dinnerforme.(2

13、)一ShallIhelpyouwiththecases?Dont_.Icanmanage.(3)Dontbother_(介词)us;wewillsoonjoinyou.bothertoget/bother/(about)gettingbotherabout2021/8/11星期三128.obtainbtein,b,tein vt.获得；赢得obtainableadj能得到的;可获得的(1)Ihaventbeenabletoobtainthatrecordanywhere.我到处都没买到那张唱片。(2)Theflowersarenolongerobtainable.那花再也得不到了。归纳：obt

14、ainsth.fromsb./sth.从获得某物小练：小练：根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。(1)Areherrecordsstill_(obtain)?(2)Furtherinformationcanbeobtained_(介词)headoffice.obtainablefrom2021/8/11星期三13二、重点词组二、重点词组1.payoff得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；(1)Atlast,herhardworkpaidoff.最后，她的努力得到了回报。(2)Didyourplanpayoff?你的计划成功了吗?短语归纳：短语归纳：payfor付的钱；为而付出代价payback

15、sth.(paysb.backsth.)偿还paysb.(.)forsth.因某事而付给某人paysb.(.)todosth.付给某人()去做某事2021/8/11星期三14小练：小练：用与pay相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。(1)Aftertenyearsofhardworkshefinally_herdebt.(2)Oureffortsaresureto_.(3)Haveyou_themoney_thebankyet?(4)Iwill_you_nextweek.(5)Ipaidtheboytenyuan_(clean)thewindow.paidoffpayoffpaidtopayba

16、cktoclean2021/8/11星期三152.infavorof赞成；支持；对有利(1)Iaminfavorofyoursuggestion.我赞成你的提议。(2)ItalkedtoSusanaboutit,andshesallinfavorofgoing.我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同离开。归纳 askafavor请求帮忙dosb.afavor=doafavorforsb.帮某人的忙小练：小练：根据句子的要求填入适当的词或翻译。(1)Seniorministersspoke_theproposal.(2)Wouldyou_(请你帮忙)andturnofftheradio?infavoro

17、fdomeafavor2021/8/11星期三163.beboundtodo一定；注定(做)(1)Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.明天天气一定会变好。(2)Youvedonesomuchworkthatyoureboundtopasstheexam.你下了这么大工夫,一定能考及格。归纳归纳 beboundfor准备去小练：小练：用bound的适当短语填空。(1)Thebus_NewEngland.(2)Whenyouaredealingwithsomanypatients,mistakes_happen.isboundforareboundto2021

18、/8/11星期三174.beingood/poor/excellentcondition处于（好的坏的极佳的）状况(1)Theshipisnotinacondition/isinnoconditiontomakealongvoyage.此船的现状不适宜远航。(2)Mycarisoldbutingoodcondition.我的车虽旧，但车况良好。短语归纳：短语归纳：outofcondition健康状况欠佳condition意为“条件”时，常用短语：oncondition(that).在条件下 onnocondition一点也不;决不2021/8/11星期三18小练：小练：根据句子的要求填入适当的

19、词或短语。(1)Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandis_excellentcondition.(2)Youare_allowedtodothattoyourparents.(3)Ihadnoexerciseforages;Imreally_condition.(4)Youcangoout_conditionthatyouwearanovercoat.inonnoconditionoutofon2021/8/11星期三19三、课文回顾三、课文回顾Cloning,whichisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant,ha

20、salwaysbeeninnaturewithus.Notonly1gardenersuseitto produce commercial quantities of plants but it is also a valuablemethod for doing research on new plant species and animals.Cloningplants is straightforward whilecloninganimals is avery2_(complicate)anddifficulttask3(undertake).Aftermanyattemptstocl

21、onemammalsfailed,finallythedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaid4in1996withabreakthrough-thebirthofaclonedsheepcalledDolly,which5(strike)amixtureofexcitementandworryintopeopleshearts.docomplicated2021/8/11星期三20hewholescientificworldwasencouragedasshedevelopednormally6thedisturbingnewscamethatD

22、ollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Scientists7(cast)downtofindthatDollysillnesseswere8(appropriate)toamucholderanimal.Dollylivedaltogethersixandahalfyears,halfofthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.Dollysdeath,likeherbirth,9(bound)toraiseworries.Inaddition,Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreat

23、impactonthemediaandpublicimagination.Thoughcontroversial,somepeopleareinfavourofit,realizingitspossiblethatcloningcanbeusedtocureillnessesandeventoproducehumanbeings.However,moralquestions10(raise)thatevilleadersmightclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.untilwerecastmoreappropriate2021/8/11星期三21四、句

24、子精析与仿写四、句子精析与仿写1.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.克隆植物是简单的而克隆动物却十分复杂。句子分析：句子分析：(1)Ienjoyhikingwhilesheprefersfishing.（表示对比或相反）(2)While(heis)drivingbackhome,helikelisteningtosomemusic.（表示“当时候”，常与进行时连用，当从句主语与主句主语相同，谓语为be时，可将从句的主语与be省略。）仿写：仿写：(1)父亲喜欢看报而儿子却喜欢上网。_(2)我们过马

25、路时，要小心。_ThefatherlikesreadingnewspaperwhilethesonenjoyssurfingontheInternet.Whilecrossingtheroad,weshouldbecareful.2021/8/11星期三222.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.然后传来多利病重这一令人烦恼的消息。句子分析：句子分析：Herecomesthebus.Outrushedthestudents.Thereexistdisagreementsonthisissue.Hereyouare.以上

26、句子表示时间、方式或方位的副词或介词短语位于句首时，应采用全部倒装，如：now,then,here,there,up,down,out,off等。但是，如果主语为代词，主谓不倒装。仿写：仿写：(1)树下站着一个美丽的小女孩。_(2)上课铃响了，老师走了进来。_(3)看，他来了!_Underthetreestoodabeautifullittlegirl.Thebellrangandincametheteacher.Look,herehecomes!2021/8/11星期三233.Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedi

27、ndifferentways.一个群体中的多样性意味着动物的基因以不同的方式排列。句子分析：句子分析：with的复合结构，即 with+宾语+宾补，表示伴随、原因、条件、方式等。其中，宾补部分可以由非谓语、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如：Helivedinalowbamboohutwithgrassstickingoutoftheroof.Withalotofproblemstosolve,thebossstayeduplateeverynight.为了解决这么多的问题，老板每晚熬夜很晚。Theboycamein,withabottleofCocaColainhishand.男孩进来的时候拿

28、着一瓶可口可乐 2021/8/11星期三24仿写：仿写：(1)还有很多实验要做，他一吃完饭就回实验室了。_(2)随着比赛的临近，选手们越来越紧张。_(3)问题解决了，大家一起欢呼起来。_Withagoodmanyexperimentstodo,hereturnedtothelabafterdinner.Withthecompetitiondrawingnear,theplayersbecamemoreandmorenervous.Withtheproblemsolved,everyonecheered.2021/8/11星期三25SectionII.单元配套单元配套一、重点词词形变换一、重点词

29、词形变换 1.Althoughtheyaretwins,they_fromeachotherinmanyaspects.Oneoftheirmajor_isthattheyhave_characters.(differ)2.Everyoneis_toenterthis_ground.(forbid)3.Nowadaysfewpeoplecan_thetemptationofmoney.Whoeveris_toitisboundtoachievealotintheirlife.(resist)4.Manypeopleraisedan_tothenewsreport,arguingthatitis

30、not_.(object)5.It_himthattheworkersmightgoouton_.(strike)differdifferencesdifferentforbiddenforbiddenresistresistantobjectionobjectivestruckstrike2021/8/11星期三26二、活用表格中的短语二、活用表格中的短语1._thebadweather,oursportsmeetinghasbeenpostponed.2.Hiswords_hisdaughterscareerchoice.3.Inspiteofthehighrisk,theireffort

31、sfinally_.4.Mostofthestudentsare_themonitorsproposal.5.Foramanofhisage,heis_.6.Istillcomeandseeher_althoughIvemovedtoanothercity.7.Michaelseemsquite .Whathashappenedtohim?8.Ifyouwere onadesertisland,whatwouldyoumissmost?Owingtomadeadifferencetopaidoffingoodconditionfromtimetotimeinfavorofcastdowncas

32、taway2021/8/11星期三27三、完形填空三、完形填空词数：词数：284建议用时：建议用时：18分钟分钟难度：难度：秘秘诀诀探探寻寻：跨跨文文化化交交际际技巧技巧点拨点拨考生不仅要有广博的知识，了解中西文化差异，还要具备丰富的生活经历，当对语言的把握不是很准确时，考生可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。真真题题导导悟悟1.Thespaceislefttolettherailexpandwhenitgets_.1.hot根据生活常识，热胀冷缩原理。2.(Immediately)Theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe_hospita

33、l.2.nearest在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医。2021/8/11星期三28真真题题导导悟悟3.Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfastinbedandbringhimthepapersto_.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign3.B外国人有早上读报的习惯，句中papers即报纸(newspapers)。有了这些文化背景知识，便可迅速推断出最佳选项B。4.,youcrosstheinternationaldateline.Byagreement,thisisthepointwhereanewday_.A.iscomi

34、ngB.isdiscoveredC.isinventedD.begins4.Dtheinternationaldateline是“国际日期变更线”，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案D。5.Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsofusedfireworkslyingontheground.Littleboysmoreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaitedfortheexplosions.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removedA.patientlyB.calmlyC.worrie

35、dlyD.excitedly5.A,D根据语境我们联想起节日放鞭炮或观看别人放鞭炮的情景，即点上鞭炮后兴奋地跑开，捂着耳朵等着其爆炸。因此答案为A，为D。2021/8/11星期三29图穷图穷匕现匕现本文中的第1，4，7，15题，需要利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断得到答案。思思路路盘盘剥剥段落段落KeywordsTopicsentencesTitleTechnologicalAdvancementPara1togethertowork,givesthelatestdates,key,thebiggestdevelopment,lifeexpectancyGeneralintroductio

36、ntoamillenniumtechnologycalendar.MainideaManypeoplebelievethattechnologicaladvancementhasbroughtmorebenefitstothesociety.However,othersmightbeagainsttechnologicalupgrading.Itistruethattechnologicaladvancementbringsmorebenefitsanddrawbacks.2021/8/11星期三30思思路路盘盘剥剥段落段落KeywordsTopicsentencesPara23couldpi

37、ckupwhatwefeel,fullsensoryenvironments,onlythestartof,however,therearestillnoAbreakthroughincomputerhumanlinksanditsdefects.Para4socialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances,betweentheirhumanfriendsandthedroids,thebreakoutofDisadvantagesoftechnologicaladvancement.2021/8/11星期三31Pearsonhas1togethert

38、oworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproducea2millennium(一千年)technologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkey3anddiscoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includingan4lifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorgans5intousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalso6

39、abreakthroughincomputerhumanlinks.“Bylinking7toournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulate8toosothatwecanstartto9fullsensoryenvironments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trekholodeck,”hesays.2021/8/11星期三32Butthat,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-mach

40、ine10“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that willultimately leadtoafullyelectronic humanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.However,therearestillno11forwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbe12,orwhenh

41、umancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.But he does 13 social problems as a result of technologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsurveillance(监视)cameraswill,forexample,14problemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeableto15betweentheirhumanfriends and

42、the droids(人形机器人).And home appliances will alsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder-kitchenrage.2021/8/11星期三331.A.takenB.piecedC.keptD.madeBpiecetogether拼凑，结合。2.A.complicatedB.delicateC.subtleD.uniqueDcomplicated复杂的；delicate精致的，脆弱的；subtle狡猾的，

43、敏感的；unique唯一的，独特的。3.A.breakthroughsB.findingsC.eventsD.incidentsAbreakthrough突破；finding发现；event事件；incident事件，事变。4.A.expandedB.extendedC.enlargedD.enrichedBexpanded膨胀的，扩张的；extended伸出的，延长的；enlarged放大的，扩大的；enriched浓缩的，强化的；extendlifeexpectance延长寿命。5.A.beingB.becomingC.carryingD.comingDcomeintouse开始投入使用。

44、2021/8/11星期三346.A.schedules B.plans C.predictsD.designsCschedule确定时间；plan计划；predict预测；design设计。7.A.directlyB.instantlyC.preciselyD.automaticallyAdirectly直接地；instantly立即；precisely精确地；automatically自动地。8.A.thinkingB.hearingC.sightD.feelingD根据上文whatwefeel,以及下文fullsensoryenvironments，可知D项符合文意。9.A.formB.d

45、evelopC.findD.undertakeB根据上文，模仿人类情感，营造一个完全感官环境。10.A.programB.productionC.experimentD.integrationDintegration综合，集成，此处指人机一体化。2021/8/11星期三3511.A.forecastsB.articlesC.storiesD.meetingsAforecast先见，预测。12.A.advisable B.affordableC.availableD.valuableCavailable可利用的，可行的。13.A.solveB.aroseC.exerciseD.expectD注意

46、主语是人，不选arose。14.A.confrontB.causeC.witnessD.collectB比方说，安邻区的监控装置将会在2010年给人们带来许多问题。15.A.distinguishB.differ C.diagnoseD.deviateAdistinguishbetween;differfrom;diagnose诊断；deviatefrom背离。2021/8/11星期三36四、语法填空四、语法填空Itwas2:30a.m.Saturday,March15.Dr.MichaelRyan,anofficialofthe World Health Organization(WHO)i

47、n Geneva,was woken up by aphonecall.1wasfromtheWHOsManilaoffice.Hewaswarned2thestrangenewdiseaseSARSwasdiscoveredinAsiaandmightgetto3_mainlands.A32-year-oldSingaporeandoctor4hadjustbeentoameetinginNewYork,wasonhiswayhome.字数：字数：175完成时间：完成时间：9分钟分钟难度：难度：Itthatotherwhothat2021/8/11星期三37He5(show)thesigns

48、ofthediseaseSARS:hewascoughing6hadahightemperature.ReportsofSARSinCanadaandSingaporehadalreadycometotheWHOofficeinGeneva.7telephonecallmadethemattermoreserious.RyanatonceworkedthephonesandgottoknowthattheSingaporeandoctor8(take)aplaneandwouldarriveatFrankfurt airport at 9:30 that morning.By the time

49、 the plane landed,expertsandnurses9specialsuitswerewaitingtotakethedoctortothehospital.“Itisthefirsttimewehaveeverworkedfaster10avirus,”saysRyan.wasshowingandThehadtakeninthan2021/8/11星期三381.It代词，代替前文的aphonecall。2.that连词，引导宾语从句。3.other表其他的内陆。4.whothat关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。5.wasshowing动词的过去进行时态，表“当时正表现出SARS

50、的症状”。6.and表并列关系，即咳嗽和发高烧。7.The表特指前文提到的来自WHOsManilaOffice的电话。8.hadtaken动词的过去完成时态，表乘飞机在gottoknow之前发生。9.in介词短语作定语，表“穿着特殊的衣服”。10.thanfasterthan.是比较级结构。2021/8/11星期三39五、阅读理解五、阅读理解词数：词数：300建议用时：建议用时：7分钟分钟难度：难度：解解题题技技巧巧点点拨拨第第2题题Thetextmainlytalksabout_.主旨主旨大意题大意题主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某