高中英语：虚拟语气课件（新人教选修10）.ppt

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1、The Subjunctive Mood Grammar2021/8/11 星期三11.If I were Andy Lou,I would be in Hong Kong now.2.I wish I were a millionaire.3.We suggest that everyone should help the AIDS patients.When to use the Subjunctive Mood in English?hypotheseswishessuggestion虚拟语气虚拟语气The Subjunctive Mood2021/8/11 星期三2 虚拟语气虚拟语气是

2、一种特殊的动词形式是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure),用来表示说话人所说用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一，而只是一种假设种假设(hypotheses)愿望愿望(wishes)、建、建议议(suggestion)或怀疑或怀疑(doubt)等等。等等。The definition of the Subjunctive Mood2021/8/11 星期三31.虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中 1)“表示不太可能出现的情况表示不太可能出现的情况”,条条件从句一般用过去时件从句一般用过去时,主句用主句用would do,should do 或

3、或 might/could do;虚拟语气应该注意的几点虚拟语气应该注意的几点:2021/8/11 星期三42)表示表示“本可能发生却未发生的事情本可能发生却未发生的事情”,条件从句用过去完成时条件从句用过去完成时,主句主句用用would have done,should have done,might/could have done.2021/8/11 星期三5nThe old men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm.nI should be surprised if it was less than fi

4、ve pounds.nIf I frightened those birds,they might fly off and I would never see them again.nIf I were you,I would accept the offer.2021/8/11 星期三6nIf I were asked to define my mood,Id say“bored”.nIf he had taken his doctors advice,he might not have died so soon.nIf he had realized that,he would have

5、run away while there was still time.nIf she had not married,she could have become special in the filed.2021/8/11 星期三72.虚拟语气在条件句也可用来表示虚拟语气在条件句也可用来表示“将将来不太可能出现的情况来不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句条件从句用用 should do,were to do或一般过去时或一般过去时,主句用主句用 would do,should do,could/might do.2021/8/11 星期三8nIf it should rain tomorrow,t

6、he sports meet would have to be put off.nI could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day.nWhat would you do if he failed to come tomorrow?2021/8/11 星期三9注意注意:含有含有 should 的条件句的条件句,主句可以主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时用一般现在时或一般将来时.例如例如:nIf there should be another flood,what sha

7、ll we do?nAsk her to leave a message if she should come.2021/8/11 星期三103.在正式英语文体中在正式英语文体中,if 从句中的第从句中的第一个动词如果是一个动词如果是should,were 或或 had,可将此动词置于句首可将此动词置于句首,替代替代 if例如：例如：2021/8/11 星期三11nWere it all true,it would still not excuse their actions.nHad the captain been more careful,his ship would not have

8、sunk.nShould any visitors come,I would say you are not here.2021/8/11 星期三124.if only 和和 suppose(supposing),也可也可以引导虚拟从句以引导虚拟从句nIf only I had more time,I could go there to help them.nSupposing it were fine tomorrow,would you go climbing the mountain with us?2021/8/11 星期三135.If it were not/had not been

9、 for 也也是常见的虚拟句型是常见的虚拟句型,意思是意思是“要不是要不是”例如例如:nIf it had not been for your help,we would not have achieved so much in our work.nIf it were not for the wise decision,we could not be living a happy life.2021/8/11 星期三146.虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于I wish的宾语从句的宾语从句中中:表示现在时间表示现在时间,动词用一般过去动词用一般过去时和过去进行时时和过去进行时(be动词用动词用were

10、/was)。表示过去时间表示过去时间,动词用过去完成时和动词用过去完成时和过去完成进行时。过去完成进行时。表示将来时间表示将来时间,动动词用词用 would/could 等等+动词原形。动词原形。2021/8/11 星期三15nI wish I knew how to operate this computer.nI wish he werent so lazy.nI do wish everything would be as quiet as before.nI wish we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.2021/8/11 星期三16注意注

11、意:这里这里I wish 所表达的意思与所表达的意思与 if only差不多。以上的句子都可差不多。以上的句子都可以用以用if only 来代替来代替 I wish 例如例如:nIf only I knew how to operate this computer.nIf only we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.2021/8/11 星期三177.Its(about/high)time+从句，表示从句，表示“该做而未做的事该做而未做的事”,是一种婉转的建是一种婉转的建议议,从句中的动词用一般过去时。例从句中的动词用一般过去时。例如：如：nIt

12、is high time we began to work.nWeve enjoyed the evening,but its time we went home.nIts about time the boy learned to behave himself.2021/8/11 星期三188.表示表示“要求、建议、命令要求、建议、命令”等动词等动词demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order 等后接宾语从句时等后接宾语从句时,从从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,即即should+动词原形动词原形(do/be done),should

13、 也可以省略例如：也可以省略例如：2021/8/11 星期三19nHe insisted that John(should)do the job.nWe suggest that the meeting (should)not be postponed.nThe union demanded that the wages (should)be raised by 20%.2021/8/11 星期三20常用的这类动词是常用的这类动词是:ask(要求要求),advise(建议建议),command(命令命令),decide(决定决定),demand(要求要求),insist(坚持坚持),move(

14、提议提议),order(命令命令),propose(提出提出),require(要求要求),request(请求请求),suggest(建议建议),urge(主张主张)如果这些动词不是如果这些动词不是表示表示“要求、建议、命令要求、建议、命令”等意思时等意思时,这时宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。这时宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。2021/8/11 星期三21例如：例如：nHe insisted that I was wrong.(这儿这儿 insist 意思是意思是“坚持认为坚持认为”）nThe expression on her face suggests that she knows the se

15、cret.(这儿这儿 suggest 意思是意思是“表明表明”）2021/8/11 星期三22虚拟语气在条件句中除了表示与将来、现在虚拟语气在条件句中除了表示与将来、现在及过去事实相反的情况以外，还需要注意以及过去事实相反的情况以外，还需要注意以下几点：下几点：一、一、错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整。如：依据它所表示的时间来调整。如：If you had taken the medicine yesterday,you mi

16、ght be well now.2021/8/11 星期三23 (条件句与过去事实相反条件句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实主句与现在事实相反。相反。)如果你昨天吃了药如果你昨天吃了药,你的病今天也许就好你的病今天也许就好了。了。二、省略二、省略if的条件句的条件句 如果如果if条件句中有条件句中有were，had，should时，时，可省略可省略if，把，把were，had，should放在主语前。放在主语前。这种结构主要用于书面语中。如：这种结构主要用于书面语中。如：2021/8/11 星期三24 Were it necessary(=If it were necessary),I migh

17、t resign 如果需要的话，我可以辞职。如果需要的话，我可以辞职。Had you informed me earlier(=If you had informed me earlier),I wouldnt have signed the contract.要是你早点告诉我的话，我是不会签那份要是你早点告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。合同的。2021/8/11 星期三25三、含蓄条件句三、含蓄条件句 有些句子虽不含条件句，但意思和含条有些句子虽不含条件句，但意思和含条件句的句子差不多，这种句子叫含蓄条件句，件句的句子差不多，这种句子叫含蓄条件句，这种句子中也用虚拟语气。含蓄条件句的这种句

18、子中也用虚拟语气。含蓄条件句的“暗含暗含”之意一般用三种方法来表达：之意一般用三种方法来表达：1.条件暗含在短语中。条件暗含在短语中。如：如：Without air,there would be no living things.没有空气，就没有生命。没有空气，就没有生命。2021/8/11 星期三26 （条件暗含在介词短语（条件暗含在介词短语Without air中）中）But for your help,I couldnt have made so much progress.要不是你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大要不是你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。的进步。（条件暗含在介词短语（条件暗含

19、在介词短语But for your help中）中）This same thing,happening in wartime,would result in disaster.2021/8/11 星期三27 同样的事，如果发生在战时，就会酿同样的事，如果发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。成大祸。（条件暗含在分词短语（条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中）中）2.条件暗含在上下文中。条件暗含在上下文中。如：如：You might stay here forever.你可以永远待在这儿。你可以永远待在这儿。（可能暗含（可能暗含if you wanted to）They would

20、have succeeded.2021/8/11 星期三28 他们本来是会成功的。他们本来是会成功的。（可能暗含（可能暗含if they had kept trying）3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已经成为习惯在不少情况下，虚拟式已经成为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：I wouldnt have dreamed of it.这是我做梦也不会想到的。这是我做梦也不会想到的。四、省去主句的非真实条件句四、省去主句的非真实条件句 非真实条件句如果省去主句，通常表非真实条件句如果省去主句，通常表示一种不可能实现的愿望。示一种不可能实现的愿望。2021/8/11 星期三

21、29 这种条件句常用这种条件句常用if only来引导。如：来引导。如：If only I had known where to find you just now.刚才我要是知道去哪儿找你就好了。刚才我要是知道去哪儿找你就好了。2021/8/11 星期三301.If he had not lost his money,he _ the piano last week.A.would buy B.had bought C.bought D.could have bought2.If we were to be 200 years old,we _ everything.A.will chang

22、e B.can change C.could change D.changedPractisePractise2021/8/11 星期三313.If you _ that film last night,you would not be so sleepy now.A.didnt see B.havent seen C.wouldnt seen D.hadnt seen2021/8/11 星期三324.You are late.If you _ a little minutes earlier,you _ him.A.came,would meet B.had come,would have

23、met C.came,would have met D.were to come,would meet2021/8/11 星期三335.But for the storm,we _ a pleasant journey.A.should have B.have had C.would have D.should have had 6._ to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I2021/8/11 星期三347.Without the computer,the proble

24、m _ in such a short time.A.couldnt be solved B.wouldnt have solved C.couldnt have been solved 2021/8/11 星期三358.Without electricity,human life _ quite different today.A.will be B.were to be C.would be D.is 2021/8/11 星期三369.“You are very selfish.Its high time you _ you are not the most important perso

25、n in the world,”Edgar said to his boss angrily.A.have realized B.realized C.realize D.should realize2021/8/11 星期三3710.I wish I _ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept2021/8/11 星期三38根据括号中的提示翻译下列句子。根据括号中的提示翻译下列句子。1.如果你接受了我的

26、建议，你现在就好如果你接受了我的建议，你现在就好了。（错综时间条件句）了。（错综时间条件句）2.如果你提前告诉我，我就去机场接他如果你提前告诉我，我就去机场接他了。（省略了。（省略if的条件句）的条件句）If you had taken my advice,you would be all right now.Had you told me in advance,I would have met him at the airport.2021/8/11 星期三393要不是中国共产党，他三十年前就饿要不是中国共产党，他三十年前就饿死了。（含蓄条件句）死了。（含蓄条件句）4要是我像你一样知道怎么操作电脑就要是我像你一样知道怎么操作电脑就好了。（省去主句的非真实条件句）好了。（省去主句的非真实条件句）But for the Communist Party of China,he would have died of hunger 30 years ago.If only I knew how to operate a computer as you do.2021/8/11 星期三402021/8/11 星期三41