高中英语《定语从句》课件 新人教.ppt

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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句定语从句2021/8/11 星期三1定语从句复习定语从句复习定定语语从从句句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定义：用来修饰或限制先行词的句子。定义：用来修饰或限制先行词的句子。2021/8/11 星期三2关系词的判断办法首看先行词：即先行词是表人的还是表物（时间、地点等）再看从句成分：缺什么成分补什么成分（关系词的具体用法见下表）2021/8/11 星期三3关系词的用法一览表关系词先

2、行词在从句中的作用关系代词who人主（宾）表whom人（宾）that人/物主（宾）表which物主（宾）表whose人/物定as人/物主宾表关系副词when物（时间）状where物（地点）状whythe reason 状2021/8/11 星期三4限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The old lady who lives next to us sells books.You should do all that I said.I have found the teather whom I am looking for.I visited the factory where my fa

3、ther works.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词先行词先行词 之后之后,用陈述式语序用陈述式语序“.的的”关系词关系词1.从句位置及语序从句位置及语序:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成构成2021/8/11 星期三5先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.the machi

4、ne=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词2021/8/11 星期三6Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系2021/8/11 星期三7Join the following sentences:A plane is a ma

5、chine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machine2021/8/11 星期三8Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine that/which2021/8/11 星期三9关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryest

6、erday.herThelady wesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that2021/8/11 星期三10关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(

7、that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.2021/8/11 星期三11关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcameher

8、e.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词2021/8/11 星期三121.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwe

9、nttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词2021/8/11 星期三13如何判断从句动词是否及物？让先行词作宾语，如果正确，就是及物的，否则就是不及物的。如句1：We worked the days.(错误）

10、work为不及物动词。句2：we spent the days.（正确）spend为及物动词。2021/8/11 星期三14难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所

11、有格2021/8/11 星期三15在定语从句中，只有whose做定语。使用whose时要注意：Whose+名词，名词前不能用冠词，但可以用形容词。Whose+N难用的难用的 whoseThe+N+of whom/whichOf whom/which+the+N2021/8/11 星期三16难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the hou

12、ses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken2021/8/11 星期三17非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Please compare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性

13、定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的2021/8/11 星期三18Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果2021/8/11 星期三19The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限

14、制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略2021/8/11 星期三20非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem1.I am readi

15、ng Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.which2021/8/11 星期三21as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如

16、：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,2021/8/11 星期三22as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。2021/8/11 星期三23as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is su

17、ch an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本

18、书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)2021/8/11 星期三24介词+whom/which介词的判断办法：如果看不出介词与动词、名词及形容词的搭配，那么，我们可以讲先行词放在从句中，将从句变成一个介词填空，就可以将问题简化。2021/8/11 星期三25介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin可以改为：可以改为：You spoke the man.She lives the city.2021/8/11 星期三26注

19、意介词+whom（表人）（表人）which（表物）（表物）2021/8/11 星期三27介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinAre these two sentences right?2021/8/11 星期三28介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are

20、these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 2021/8/11 星期三29介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?2021/8/11 星期三301.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepai

21、d$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich2021/8/11 星期三316.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.The

22、tower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.underwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich2021/8/11 星期三321.不：当先行词是不定代词时不：当先行词是不定代词时,如如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything

23、,everything,等等只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2.日：谐音日：谐音the 当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the same,little,few,no,any等修饰时等修饰时4.两：当人和物合做先行词时两：当人和物合做先行词时3.赘：谐音最高级赘：谐音最高级 婿：谐音序数词婿：谐音序数词当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中可以用口诀记忆：可以用口诀记忆：不不 日日 赘赘 两两 婿婿2021/8/11 星期三33在非限制性定语从

24、句中在非限制性定语从句中只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况在介词后面在介词后面2021/8/11 星期三341.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.

25、Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.Exercisethat,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat2021/8/11 星期三35that,which,whose,whomorwho?9.Isthereanythingelse_ youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_ hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_ madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_ sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_ motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose2021/8/11 星期三36Thanks for attendingThanks for attending！2021/8/11 星期三372021/8/11 星期三38