人教版高三英语一轮复习 语法提分微点案 考点3 动词的时态和语态课件.ppt

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1、语法专题语法专题 语法提分微点案语法提分微点案考点考点3动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态微视角大领悟微视角大领悟 微学堂涨分数微学堂涨分数 微考场新演练微考场新演练 2021/8/9 星期一1时态和语态是语法填空题的常考点，主要考查时态和语态在具体语境中的运用。解题时考生要先根据上下文或时间标志词判断时态，然后根据主语与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系来判断语态。2021/8/9 星期一2 微视角大领悟微视角大领悟 练知考情会方法技巧练知考情会方法技巧2021/8/9 星期一31(2015新课标卷)It was raining lightly when I _(arrive)in Yangshuo ju

2、st before dawn.But I didnt care.解析：句意：当我在黄昏前到达阳朔时正下小雨。但是我不在意。由后句“But I didnt care.”可知这里应用一般过去时。2(2015新课标卷)This cycle _(go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night.解析：句意：这个循环日复一日的进行。主语this cycle为单数形式；句子以一般现在时为主；结合时间状语day after day可知应用goes。goes arrived 2021/8/9 星期一4

3、3(2015广 东 卷)While making great efforts to run away,she _(fall)over the hill and died.解析：此空前为主语she，故该空填谓语，又根据and后的谓语died，可知该空填fell。4(2015广东卷)He made cheese and butter for the family with what _(leave)解析：谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，又因动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was left。5(2014新课标卷)A boy on a bike _(catch)my attention

4、.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.解析：句意：一个骑自行车的男孩子吸引了我的注意。他在公交车旁边骑行并挥舞着手臂。所填词是句子的谓语，根据下句时态可知，catch my attention发生在过去，故填caught。caught fell was left 2021/8/9 星期一56(2014辽 宁 卷)Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing”in English.解析：句意：太极在英文中被称为“shadow boxing”。所填词是句子的谓语，和句子的主语Tai Chi是被动关系，表示“被称为”；句子说

5、的是事实，应用一般现在时，故填is called。7(2014广东卷)We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.解析：句意：我们被告知那一周房间没有预订。所填词是句子的谓语，和句子的主语we是被动关系，表示“我们被告知”；由从句时态判断出动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were told。is called were told 2021/8/9 星期一6第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语如果括号中给出的提示词是动词，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用合适的时态和语态。第二步

6、，确定时态要根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。第三步，确定语态语态要根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。第四步，确定主谓一致要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。2021/8/9 星期一71(2015四川卷短文改错)As I tell you last time,I made three new friends here.答案与解析：telltold根据该句中的时间状语last time，可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。2021/8/9 星期一82(2015浙江卷短文改错)It was

7、full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.答案与解析：iswas前一句谓语用的是过去时，故将is改为was。2021/8/9 星期一93(2014辽宁卷短文改错)This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.答案与解析：startsstarted由时间状语this morning可知，此处“狗叫”是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。2021/8/9 星期一104The arrows were looked li

8、ke rain.答案与解析：去掉were或lookedlook like“看起来像”为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式，故删去were，也可删掉looked，构成be like短语，意为“像”。2021/8/9 星期一115(2014新课标卷短文改错)Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.答案与解析：hadhave句中时间状语是since then，谓语应用现在完成时，故将had改为have。2021/8/9 星期一126Tea in China was tr

9、aditionally drank from cups without handles.答案与解析：drankdrunk根据句意及前面的was可知此处用被动语态，所以用过去分词。2021/8/9 星期一131时态错用通过上下文中“动作的先后关系”判断是否有一般现在时与一般过去时的错用。根据and判断前后动词时态是否一致。根据句中时间标志词如since then,last time等判断。2语态错用系动词和不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态，却误被用作被动语态。被动语态结构是否缺少be动词。2021/8/9 星期一14 微学堂涨分数微学堂涨分数 语法精讲明重点难点语法精讲明重点难点 2021/8/9

10、 星期一15110种时态的数学公式(1)一般现在时经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态。(2)一般过去时在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。(3)一般将来时在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。(4)过去将来时在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。(5)现在进行时现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。(6)过去进行时在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。(7)将来进行时将来某一时间正在进行的动作。(8)现在完成时过去已发生或完成的动作或状态，对现在造成影响和结果，也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。2021/8/9 星期一16(9)过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过

11、去的过去”。(10)现在完成进行时从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作反复发生。2021/8/9 星期一172题干中常出现的标志词或时间状语有：(1)一般现在时：sometimes,now and then,often,every day/week,on Sundays等。(2)一般过去时：yesterday,last week,three years ago,the other day(几天前),the day before yesterday,once upon a time,in 1990等。(3)一般将来时：next week,tomorrow,in a week,in the future

12、,later on,the day after tomorrow等。(4)现在进行时：look,now,at present,at this moment,these days等。(5)过去进行时：then,at that time,those days等。(6)将来进行时：at this time tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,from.to.tomorrow等。2021/8/9 星期一18(7)现在完成时：lately,recently,so far,yet,ever since,by now,up to/until now,since then,in t

13、he last/past few days/years等。(8)过去完成时：by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2012,before 1999,“by the time句子”等。(9)将来完成时：“by将来的某个时间”，when/before引导的时间状语从句。(10)现在完成进行时：all this morning,these few days,all night,this month,recently等。2021/8/9 星期一19英语中的一些固定句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这种句式，注意根据规则选用需要的时态。1It is

14、 the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done.2It was the first/second/.time that sb.had done.3It is/has been时间段since sb.did.4It/This is the best/most interesting.名词sb./sth.have/has done.5Sb.had just done sth.when.did.6Sb.was/were doing sth.when.did.7Its high time that sb.did.2021/8/9 星期一208Hardly/N

15、o sooner had sb.done sth.when/than sb.did.9在“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构中，陈述句的谓语动词为will do。10时间或条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则：如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when,before,until,if,as soon as等引导的表示将来的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；若主句为一般过去时，则从句也用相应的过去时态。(2015安徽卷)If you come to visit China,you will experience a culture of amazing depth and varie

16、ty.如果你来中国参观，你就会体验有惊人深度且多元化的文化。2021/8/9 星期一211被动语态的构成为“be过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become过去分词。2只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语：last,cost,spread,happen(to),take place,belong to,break out,go out,run out,work out。3主动形式表示被动含义(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等，

17、后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。(2)当sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。2021/8/9 星期一22(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。Food supplies in the floodstricken a

18、rea are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.洪水灾区的食品即将用完，我们必须在他们用完之前采取措施。What about the books?Books of this kind sell well.这些书怎么样？这种书很畅销。2021/8/9 星期一23 微考场新演练微考场新演练 好题巧练拿高考满分好题巧练拿高考满分 2021/8/9 星期一24.单句训练1(2015重庆卷)Is Peter coming?No,he _(change)his mind after a phone call at th

19、e last minute.解析：此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。2(2015福建卷)To my delight,I _(choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.解析：句意：令我高兴的是，我从数百名候选人中被选中参加开幕式。根据句意可知，主语I和choose之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据句首的to my delight可知，此处表示过去的事实，所以用一般过去时。was chosen changed 2021/8/9 星期一253(2015湖南卷)I wasnt able to hi

20、de my eagerness when I _(ask),“What do you wish me to do now？”解析：句意：当我问“你希望我现在干什么？”时，我无法隐藏我的渴望。主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。4(2015安徽卷)Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I _(leave)my book in the cafe.解析：“到达”学校门口和“意识到”都用一般过去时态，而“书丢在咖啡店”发生在这两个动作之前，因此用过去完成时态。句意：我到校门口时意识到把书落在了咖啡馆。5(2015安徽卷)It is reported

21、that a space station _(build)on the moon in years to come.解析：本句时间状语为in years to come，表示将来；并且a space station和build之间是被动关系，因此用一般将来时的被动语态。will be built asked had left 2021/8/9 星期一266(2015北京卷)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She _(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it

22、 easily.解析：句意：你找到安的家费了很大劲儿吗？没有。她给了我们非常清楚的指示，我们很容易就能找到她家。根据语境可知，“给出指示”发生在“找到她家”之前，所以用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。7(2015陕西卷)Marty _(work)really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.解析：从“hell have finished it by Friday”判断，他一直在写这本书，而且现在仍然在写，所以用现在完成进行时。句意：马蒂一直在很刻苦地从事这本书的写作，他觉得到周五他就能完成了。had

23、given has been working 2021/8/9 星期一278(2015天津卷)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _(teach)a class at that time.解析：句意：简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为那个时候她将正在上课。根据句意可知，“今天下午三点”是一个将来的时间，表示将来某一时刻正在做某事，因此用将来进行时。9(2015天津卷)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement _(reach)so far

24、 by the two sides.解析：句意：尽管之前有好几轮的会谈，但是迄今为止双方仍然没有达成协议。根据时间状语so far可知，此处用现在完成时。will be teaching has been reached 2021/8/9 星期一2810I found the lecture hard to follow because it _(start)when I arrived.解析：句意：我觉得我听不懂这个讲座，因为我来的时候它已经开始了。根据语境可知，start动作发生在arrived之前，是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。11They made up their mind t

25、hat they _(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs.解析：句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买一所新房子。根据句意可知buy这个动作应在made up their mind之后，故应用过去将来时。would buy had started 2021/8/9 星期一2912During his stay in Xian,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _(recommend)解析：句意：在西安期间，杰瑞尝遍了他朋友推荐的所有的当地食品。定语从句中的谓语动作“推荐”发生在主句

26、谓语动作“品尝”之前，也就是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。13Whenever you _(buy)a present,you should think about it from the receivers point of view.解析：句意：无论何时，你买礼物的话，都应该从接受者的角度来考虑它。根据句意可知，此处指一般的客观情况，所以用一般现在时。had recommended buy 2021/8/9 星期一3014She _(phone)someone,so I nodded to her and went away.解析：句意：她当时正在给别人打电话，因此我朝她点了一下头就走开

27、了。根据句意可知，此处表示“当时她正在打电话”，所以用过去进行时。判断句子的时态要根据句子的语境。根据下文的“I nodded to her and went away”可知是过去的动作，而且并未跟她说话，可推知她正在打电话。15 We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make)解析：句意：直到所有的准备工作都做好了我们才开始工作。主句中用将来时，until从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时。are made/have been made was phoning 2021/8/9 星期一31.语法填空(2014广东卷语法填空改编)L

28、ast year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went,we _(plan)for months.When the day came,we were ready.After our plane _(land),we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months earli

29、er,but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,but for the week after.I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.were told it had planned landed 2021/8/9 星期一32 Wha

30、ts worse,the hotel had been fully booked.When we _(wonder)what to do,the manager came out.She was _(surprise)helpful.She _(apology)for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room,and we werent charged extra.The next day,my brother and I went to

31、 the beach _ we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little _(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.sunburned/sunburnt were wondering surprisingly apologized the where 2021/8/9 星期一33解析：本文是讲作者和其弟弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，这真是个意外的收获。1考查代词的用法。指代Miami，故用it。4考查被动语态。句子是过去时，且含义是“我们被告知”，故用被动形式。6考查副词。修饰形容词helpful，用副词。8考查定冠词的用法。特指最高层。2021/8/9 星期一349考查定语从句的关系词。关系词在句中作地点状语，先行词是beach，故用where。10考查非谓语动词。句意是“我们有一点被晒伤了”，用表示被动的非谓语动词过去分词。故用sunburned/sunburnt。2021/8/9 星期一352021/8/9 星期一36