人教版福建省高考英语一轮总复习 part2 第6讲 虚拟语气课件 新人教.ppt

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1、第第6 6讲讲 虚拟语气虚拟语气2021/8/9 星期一1 用用来来表表示示说说的的话话不不是是事事实实，或或者者是是不不可可能能发发生生的的情情况况，而而是是一一种种愿愿望望、建建议议、假假设设的的语语气气叫叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气。2021/8/9 星期一2(一一)if主从句中的虚拟语气主从句中的虚拟语气【完成例句完成例句】(1)如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。If I were you,I should accept the invitation.(2)如果我有空，我就去那儿。如果我有空，我就去那儿。If I had time,I would go there.【结论

2、结论1】条件与现在事实相反从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)主句谓语用 would/should/could/might动词原形2021/8/9 星期一3【完成例句完成例句】(3)如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.(4)如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your boo

3、k.2021/8/9 星期一4【结论结论2】条件与过去事实相反从句谓语用had done主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave done2021/8/9 星期一5【完成例句完成例句】(5)万万一一明明天天下下雨雨，运运动动会会就就推推迟迟。(事事实实上上明明天天下下雨的可能性不大。雨的可能性不大。)If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.(6)万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。If you dropped/should drop/we

4、re to drop the glass,it would break.2021/8/9 星期一6【结论结论3】条件与将来事实相反从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)或should 动词原形/were to do主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形2021/8/9 星期一7【疑难疑难1】含含 蓄蓄 虚虚 拟拟 句句(即即 含含 有有 without/but for,otherwise/or等词的句子等词的句子)2021/8/9 星期一8【例句观察例句观察】Human beings would die without water.(Human beings wo

5、uld die if there were no water.)I couldnt have succeeded but for your help.(I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped me.)I had no money then.Otherwise I would have bought that book.(If I had had money then,I would have bought that book.)2021/8/9 星期一9【疑疑难难剖剖析析1】含含有有without/but for，otherwise/or等等词

6、词的的句句子子谓谓语语结结构构等等同同于于if主主从从句句中中主主句句的的谓语结构。谓语结构。与现在或将来事实相反would/should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反would/should/could/mighthave done2021/8/9 星期一10【疑难疑难2】含含有有had，should，were这这三三个个词词的的虚虚拟拟条条件件状语从句状语从句 Had they had time(If they had had time)，they would have certainly come to help us.Should it be fine(If it sh

7、ould be fine)，we would go for an outing.Were I you(If I were you),I would go.2021/8/9 星期一11【疑疑难难剖剖析析2】含含有有had，should，were这这三三个个词词的的虚虚拟拟条条件件状状语语从从句句，在在正正式式或或书书面面语语言言中中可可将将if省省略略，把把had，should，were 提提前前放放到到句句首首，变变为部分倒装。为部分倒装。2021/8/9 星期一12【疑难疑难3】if混混合合虚虚拟拟条条件件从从句句(即即主主从从句句分分别别与与不不同同的的事实相反事实相反)If the we

8、ather had been finer,the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in hospital.2021/8/9 星期一13【疑疑难难剖剖析析3】if假假设设条条件件从从句句谓谓语语动动词词发发生生的的时时间间与与主主句句所所假假设设的的谓谓语语动动词词不不一一致致，叫叫做做错错综综条条件件虚虚拟拟语语气气。主主句句和和从从句句的的谓谓语语动动词词要要依依照照假假设设的时间而定。的时间而定。2021/8/9 星期一14(二二)用用虚虚拟

9、拟语语气气，从从句句中中谓谓语语时时态态相相应应推推后后(即即用用相应的过去时态相应的过去时态)的五种句型的五种句型【完成例句完成例句】(7)他多么希望自己是只鸟。他多么希望自己是只鸟。How he wishes that he were a bird.(8)我希望昨晚看了那部电影了。我希望昨晚看了那部电影了。I wish I had seen the film last night.(9)我们希望有一天能住在月球上。我们希望有一天能住在月球上。We wish we would live on the moon one day.【结结论论1】在在动动词词wish引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句中中

10、，表表示示不不太可能实现的愿望，从句必须使用虚拟语气。太可能实现的愿望，从句必须使用虚拟语气。2021/8/9 星期一15表示愿望与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时(did或were)表示愿望与过去事实相反从 句 用 过 去 完 成 时(had done)表示愿望实现的可能性很小从句常用could/might/would do2021/8/9 星期一16【完成例句完成例句】(10)我宁可你现在不在我身边。我宁可你现在不在我身边。I would rather you were not here with me now.(11)我宁可你没做过那件事。我宁可你没做过那件事。I would rather

11、you hadnt done that.【结结论论2】would rather/prefer that从从句句(从从句用虚拟语气句用虚拟语气)表示愿望与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时表示愿望与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时2021/8/9 星期一17【完成例句完成例句】(12)她英语说得好像她就是纽约本地人一样。她英语说得好像她就是纽约本地人一样。She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.【结结论论3】as if/though 从从句句中中谓谓语语用用相相应应的的过过去时态去时态(等同于等同于wish从句用法从句用法)。2

12、021/8/9 星期一18【完成例句完成例句】(13)要是你没告诉我那个消息就好了。要是你没告诉我那个消息就好了。If only you hadnt told me the news.【结结论论4】if only(要要是是就就好好了了)，句句中中谓谓语语用用相相应的过去时态应的过去时态(等同于等同于wish从句用法从句用法)。2021/8/9 星期一19【完成例句完成例句】(14)我本来可以帮你忙的，即使我当时很忙。我本来可以帮你忙的，即使我当时很忙。Even though I had been very busy then,I would have helped you.(15)即使我现在能

13、跑，我也不会那样做。即使我现在能跑，我也不会那样做。Even if I might run,I wouldnt do that.【结论结论5】even if/though 从句中的虚拟从句中的虚拟与现在事实相反用should动词原形与过去事实相反用had done2021/8/9 星期一20 (三三)从从句句中中所所用用的的虚虚拟拟语语气气结结构构为为should 动动词原形，词原形，should可以省略。可以省略。【例句观察例句观察】The doctor suggests I(should)exercise every day.医生建议我每天做运动。医生建议我每天做运动。(宾语从句宾语从句)

14、It is suggested that I(should)exercise every day.我被建议每天做运动。我被建议每天做运动。(主语从句主语从句)2021/8/9 星期一21 The doctors suggestion is that I(should)exercise every day.医医生生给给我我的的建建议议是是每每天天做做运运动。动。(表语从句表语从句)The doctors suggestion that I(should)exercise every day sounds reasonable.医医生生要要我我每每天天做做运运动的建议听起来挺合理的。动的建议听起来

15、挺合理的。(同位语从句同位语从句)2021/8/9 星期一22【结结论论1】名名词词性性从从句句中中，表表示示“建建议议，命命令令，要要求求”等等意意义义时时，名名词词性性从从句句用用(should)动动词词原原形。形。一个坚持：一个坚持：insist 两两个个命命令令：order,command(名名词词是是order,recommendation)三三个个建建议议：advise,suggest，propose(名名词词是是advice,suggestion,proposal)2021/8/9 星期一23 四四个个要要求求：demand,require,request,desire(名词是名

16、词是demand,requirement,request,desire)注注意意：1.suggest 意意为为“表表明明，暗暗示示”时时，不不用虚拟语气；用虚拟语气；如：如：His face suggested that he was very sad.2.insist意意为为“坚坚持持认认为为，坚坚持持说说”时时，不不用用虚拟语气；虚拟语气；如如：The man insisted my little brother was a thief.2021/8/9 星期一24【例句观察例句观察】我们应该掌握电脑知识，这是很重要的。我们应该掌握电脑知识，这是很重要的。It is important t

17、hat we(should)have a good knowledge of computer science.你居然没参加会议，真是可惜。你居然没参加会议，真是可惜。It is a pity that you(should)be absent from the meeting.他竟然是名医生，我们很惊讶。他竟然是名医生，我们很惊讶。We are surprised that he(should)be a doctor.2021/8/9 星期一25【结结论论2】虚虚拟拟语语气气用用在在“Its形形容容词词/名名词词that”这这类类句句型型中中，表表示示说说话话人人“强强烈烈”的的感感情情色色

18、彩彩，此此时时，从从句句用用should 动动词词原原形形/should have done(表表示示动动作作在在过过去去已已经经发发生生)，should 可可译为译为“应该；居然，竟然应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。可以省略。It is important/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural that从句从句 It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no wonder that从句从句 主主语语 be sorry/disappointed/surprised that从句从句2021/8/9 星期一26【例句

19、观察例句观察】以防错过第一班车，我们一大早就起床了。以防错过第一班车，我们一大早就起床了。We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.【结结论论3】在在in case,for fear(that),lest等等引引导导的的状状语从句中，谓语动词用语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形动词原形”。2021/8/9 星期一27(四四)几种特殊用法几种特殊用法1.某些简单句的固定句型某些简单句的固定句型Heaven

20、 help him!God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!2021/8/9 星期一28 2.某些固定的词组和句型某些固定的词组和句型was/were supposed to have done 理应做理应做was/were to have done 本计划做本计划做had thought/believed，but本以为本以为had planned/intended，but本本计计划划，本本打算打算had wished/hoped，but本希望本希望Its(about/high)time that从从句句，某某人人该该做做某某事了事了2021/8/9 星期一292021/8/9 星期一30