高二英语 语法虚拟语气 课件.ppt

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1、虚拟语气Subjunctive MoodSubjunctive Mood2021/8/11 星期三1 虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示所说的不是事实，用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种种愿望愿望，建议建议或是或是与事实相反的假与事实相反的假设设。虚拟语气通常用在下列情况。虚拟语气通常用在下列情况。(一一)用于虚拟条件句中用于虚拟条件句中1.1.其主从句的其主从句的谓语动词谓语动词形式如下表：形式如下表：虚拟语气2021/8/11 星期三2从从从从 句句句句主主主主 句句句句与与与与现现在事在事在事在事实实相反相反相反相反谓语动词用用-谓语动词用用-与

2、与与与过过去事去事去事去事实实相反相反相反相反谓语动词用用-谓语动词用用-与将来事与将来事与将来事与将来事实实相反相反相反相反谓语动词用用-谓语动词用用-1)did2)be动词用用 wereshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+have+done1)did/were2)should/could+动动词原形原形3)were to dohad+done2021/8/11 星期三31)If everyone in the country _(know)first aid,1)If

3、everyone in the country _(know)first aid,many lives _(save).many lives _(save).(与现在事实相反与现在事实相反)2)If the hurricane _(happen)during 2)If the hurricane _(happen)during the day-time,there _(be)more the day-time,there _(be)more deaths.deaths.(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)3)If it _(rain)tomorrow,we 3)If it _(rain)tomor

4、row,we _(not go)out._(not go)out.(与将来事实相反与将来事实相反)knewknewwould be savedwould be savedhad happenedhad happenedwould have beenwould have beenwere to rainwere to rainshould not goshould not go2021/8/11 星期三42 2 2 2虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装当虚拟条件句中有动词当虚拟条件句中有动词 were,had,shouldwere,h

5、ad,should 时时可将可将if if省去省去,而将而将werewere，hadhad，should should 提到主提到主语之前语之前,形成形成省略倒装省略倒装。1)_ it to rain tomorrow1)_ it to rain tomorrow，we should not go out.we should not go out.2)_ it not rained yesterday,he would have 2)_ it not rained yesterday,he would have come to the e to the party.3)_ there be a

6、 flood,what should we do?3)_ there be a flood,what should we do?WereWereHadHadShouldShould2021/8/11 星期三53.3.3.3.有时假设情况是通过一个有时假设情况是通过一个有时假设情况是通过一个有时假设情况是通过一个介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语来表示来表示来表示来表示 用用without/but for;or/or elsewithout/but for;or/or else 代替代替if if从句。从句。l Without/But forWithout/But for his help,we

7、wouldnt have his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.made such great progress.If If his help,we wouldnt his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.have made such great progress.there hadnt been we hadnt got it had not been for2021/8/11 星期三64.4.4.4.混合时间条件句与主句混合时间条件句与主句混合时间条件句与主句混合时间条

8、件句与主句 条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后,应按各自动应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的形式。作时间搭配好相应的形式。1)If they _(study)hard,they could 1)If they _(study)hard,they could _(do)it easily now._(do)it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。2)If he _(take)my advice,he 2)If he _(take)my advice,he wouldnt _it much

9、better likethis.wouldnt _it much better likethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。had studiedhad studieddodohad not takenhad not takendodo2021/8/11 星期三7 5.5.5.5.省略虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句情况省略虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句情况省略虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句情况省略虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句情况 1)1)If onlyIf only he could come!he could come!要是他能来就好了要是他能来就

10、好了2)She 2)She should have comeshould have come to the party.to the party.她应该来参加聚会。她应该来参加聚会。3)If he had much more money.3)If he had much more money.如果他有更多的钱就能如果他有更多的钱就能.。2021/8/11 星期三86.6.6.6.句型句型句型句型 If it were not for.(=Were it not for.)If it were not for.(=Were it not for.)If it hadnt been for(=Ha

11、d it not been for.)If it hadnt been for(=Had it not been for.)要不是要不是.;.;如果不是如果不是.1)1)If it hadnt been forIf it hadnt been for the determined captain,all the the determined captain,all the passengers on board passengers on board wouldnt have been saved.wouldnt have been saved.2)2)If it were not forIf

12、 it were not for his rich parents,he his rich parents,he couldnt livecouldnt live so easy a life.so easy a life.2021/8/11 星期三9(二二二二)用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中 1.1.用在表用在表命令，建议，要求命令，建议，要求等动词后的宾语从等动词后的宾语从句中句中 动词为动词为动词为动词为 suggest,demand request,desire,order,suggest,demand request,desire,order,suggest

13、,demand request,desire,order,suggest,demand request,desire,order,propose,insist,advisepropose,insist,advisepropose,insist,advisepropose,insist,advise 等等等等,宾语从句中用谓语用宾语从句中用谓语用宾语从句中用谓语用宾语从句中用谓语用(should)do/be(should)do/be(should)do/be(should)do/be 1)1)I I insistedinsisted he _(go)to see a he _(go)to see

14、 a doctor,but he doctor,but he insistedinsisted nothing _(be)nothing _(be)wrong with him.wrong with him.2)I 2)I suggestsuggest that we _ a meeting that we _ a meeting next week.next week.3)Her pale face 3)Her pale face suggestssuggests that she_(be)that she_(be)ill.ill.(should)go(should)gowaswas（sho

15、uldshould）holdholdis is2021/8/11 星期三10l l表示现在的愿望：主语表示现在的愿望：主语表示现在的愿望：主语表示现在的愿望：主语+diddidl l表示过去的愿望：主语表示过去的愿望：主语表示过去的愿望：主语表示过去的愿望：主语+had+donehad+donel l表示将来的愿望：主语表示将来的愿望：主语表示将来的愿望：主语表示将来的愿望：主语+would(could)+dowould(could)+do 1)1)1)1)I wish I _(be)a bird and _(fly)I wish I _(be)a bird and _(fly)freely.

16、freely.2)I wish I _ that film star yesterday2)I wish I _ that film star yesterday3)How I wish we students _(have)more free 3)How I wish we students _(have)more free 3)How I wish we students _(have)more free 3)How I wish we students _(have)more free time to relax ourselves!time to relax ourselves!tim

17、e to relax ourselves!time to relax ourselves!werecould flyhad methadhad2.2.用在表愿望的动词用在表愿望的动词wishwish和短语和短语would ratherwould rather 后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中2021/8/11 星期三11 4)I would rather you _(remain)here 4)I would rather you _(remain)here now.now.5)Id rather you _(do)that yesterday.5)Id rather you _(do)that

18、yesterday.remainedremainedhadnt donehadnt done2021/8/11 星期三121.1.1.1.用在表用在表用在表用在表被命令，被建议，被要求被命令，被建议，被要求被命令，被建议，被要求被命令，被建议，被要求等动词和一些形容词后的等动词和一些形容词后的等动词和一些形容词后的等动词和一些形容词后的主语从句中主语从句中主语从句中主语从句中 (it(it(it(it是形式主语是形式主语是形式主语是形式主语)用在用在It is desired/ordered/decided/requested/It is desired/ordered/decided/req

19、uested/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/naturalsuggested/proposed/necessary/important/natural 等等之后的主语从句中，之后的主语从句中，其谓语动词形式为其谓语动词形式为(should(should）+do+do 1)Its requested that the play _(put)1)Its requested that the play _(put)on again.on again.2)Its necessary that he _(send)2)Its necessary that

20、he _(send)there at once.there at once.(三三三三)用于主语从句中用于主语从句中用于主语从句中用于主语从句中(should)be put(should)be put(should)be sent(should)be sent2021/8/11 星期三132.2.2.2.用在表用在表用在表用在表惊讶惊讶惊讶惊讶,出乎意料出乎意料出乎意料出乎意料等分词动词或些形容词后的等分词动词或些形容词后的等分词动词或些形容词后的等分词动词或些形容词后的主语从句中主语从句中主语从句中主语从句中 (it(it(it(it是形式主语是形式主语是形式主语是形式主语)用在用在 its

21、 its strange/a pity/a shame/no strange/a pity/a shame/no wonder/surprisingwonder/surprising 等之后的主语从句中，等之后的主语从句中，其谓语动词形式为其谓语动词形式为should+doshould+do,should,should 表示表示“竟然竟然”,”,不可省不可省1)Its 1)Its a pitya pity that she _(miss)the chance that she _(miss)the chance to go abroad.to go abroad.2)Its 2)Its str

22、angestrange that he _ (not that he _ (not pass)the exam.pass)the exam.should missshould missshouldnt passshouldnt pass2021/8/11 星期三143.3.3.3.句型句型句型句型 Its (about/high)time(that)Its (about/high)time(that)Its (about/high)time(that)Its (about/high)time(that)该是该是的时候了的时候了 主语从句中谓语动词要用主语从句中谓语动词要用过去式过去式或用或用s

23、hould+do should+do(should(should不可省略不可省略)Its time we Its time we should haveshould have breakfast.breakfast.It is about time that the children It is about time that the children should goshould go to bed.to bed.Its high time that we Its high time that we diddid something to improve our something to

24、improve our environment.environment.2021/8/11 星期三15(四四)用于表语从和同位语从句中用于表语从和同位语从句中用在用在suggestion/order/advice/demand/suggestion/order/advice/demand/proposal/request/requirementproposal/request/requirement 等之后的等之后的表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句中中.其谓语动词形式为其谓语动词形式为 (should)+do(should)+do.1)1)His His suggestionsugge

25、stion is that they be sent to is that they be sent to2)2)the poor area at once.the poor area at once.2)He gives the 2)He gives the orderorder that we should that we should remember all the grammar.remember all the grammar.表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句2021/8/11 星期三16 (1)(1)表现在用表现在用did did 或或we

26、re were (2)(2)表过去用表过去用 had donehad done1)The man speaks 1)The man speaks as ifas if he _(be)a foreigner.he _(be)a foreigner.2)They talked as if they _(be)good 2)They talked as if they _(be)good friends for years.friends for years.3)Even if he _(be)here,he 3)Even if he _(be)here,he couldcould not sol

27、ve not solve the problem.the problem.(五五)用于用于as if/as though as if/as though 引导的状语从句中引导的状语从句中werewerehad beenhad beenwerewereeven if/even thougheven if/even though2021/8/11 星期三17注注:as if/as thoughas if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气.如如果情况真实果情况真实,就要用正常时态来描绘就要用正常时态来描绘 It looks as if it It looks a

28、s if it _(rain).(rain).天看起来象要下雨天看起来象要下雨.（下雨的可能性很大）（下雨的可能性很大）is going to rain.is going to rain.2021/8/11 星期三18(六六六六)用在简单句中用在简单句中用在简单句中用在简单句中,表示祝愿表示祝愿表示祝愿表示祝愿,命令命令命令命令MayMay you be happy.you be happy.祝你幸福。祝你幸福。May May the friendship between us last long.the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。祝愿我们的友情天长地久。2021/8/11 星期三192021/8/11 星期三20