高二英语 虚拟语气 绝对经典 课件.ppt

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1、GrammarSubjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气2021/8/11 星期三1一一.语气的分类语气的分类1.陈述语气陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实用来陈述一个事实,或提出或提出一种看法一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!2.祈使语气祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或

2、劝告等命令，警告或劝告等.Lets have a talk.Dont jump in the queue.英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。2021/8/11 星期三23.虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句,也可也可用于名词性从句等用于名词性从句等.例如：例如：1）If I were y

3、ou,I would not leave her alone.2）If it were to rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.3）If Jack had scored that goal,we would have won the match.4）Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.2021/8/11 星期三3二二.虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法:（一）（一）.用于用于条件状语从句条件状语从句中中:主从主从 句句构构 成成时态时态虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句主主 句句例例

4、 句句 与现与现在事实在事实相反的相反的 假设假设 与过与过去事实去事实相反的相反的 假设假设If+主语主语+动词过去动词过去时时(be用用 were)主语主语+would/should/could/might+动词动词原形原形 If I had time,I would attend the meeting.If+主语主语+had+过去过去分词分词主语主语+would/should/could/might+have+过去分词过去分词 If you had taken my advice,youd have passed the exam.1.If条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气 2021

5、/8/11 星期三4主从主从 句句构构 成成虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句主主 句句例例 句句 与将与将来情况来情况相反的相反的 假设假设If+主语主语+动词的过动词的过去时去时 If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形 If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形主语主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow,we would put off the sports meeting.If he should no

6、t come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting till next week.时态时态2021/8/11 星期三5虚拟语气中的倒装：虚拟语气中的倒装：如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were,had,should 等等助动词助动词，可将，可将if省略，而把省略，而把were,had或或should置于句首置于句首,来表达以来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思引导的条件句的相同意思1)If you had taken my advice,youd have passed the exam.Had you taken my advice,youd have pa

7、ssed the exam.2)If it were to rain tomorrow,we would put off the sports meeting.Were it to rain tomorrow,we would put off the sports meeting.3)If he should not come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting till next weekShoule he not come tomorrow,we would put off the sports meeting till next week.2021

8、/8/11 星期三62.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 即即用用without(but for)“要要不不是是”,or(else)“否否则则”if it were not for/if it had not been for(=without/but for),but代替代替if从句。从句。1）Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help,we wouldnt have made such great progr

9、ess.2）She would have come here,but she was too busy with her homework.She would have come here,if she had not been too busy with her homework.2021/8/11 星期三7虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气高考链接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析析:此此题题A A、D D明

10、明显显不不合合上上下下文文，因因为为乙乙方方没没有有去去。B B选选项项若若为为would would havehave则则成成立立，可可以以理理解解为为I I would would have have come come if if I I hadnhadnt t had had an an unexpected unexpected visitor.visitor.的的简简略略式式。但但此此处处是是would,would,故故应应排排除除。只只有有was was going going toto可可得得体体地地表表达达“我我原原本本打打算算去去的的，但但是是有有不不速速之之客客造访造访”

11、这一意思。这一意思。3)If it had not been for the captains efforts,the ship would have sunk.2021/8/11 星期三83.混合虚拟语气/错综虚拟语气 即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相反），主句用反），主句用would/could/should/might+do(表表示与现在相反示与现在相反)，如：，如：1）If he had followed the doctors advice,he w

12、ould be quite all right now.2）He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.3）If we had driven in turns yesterday,you would feel better now.2021/8/11 星期三9（二）（二）.虚拟语气用于名词性从句中虚拟语气用于名词性从句中:1.1.用于主语从句中用于主语从句中:(1)It is suggested/requested/demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted +that 从句中从句中

13、,从句用从句用(should)+动词原形动词原形:eg:Its suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.注注意意：“坚坚决决要要命命”类类动动词词所所接接的的四四种种名名词词性性从从句句（主主从从、宾宾从从、表表从从、同同位位语语从从句句）中中用用法法都都如如此此。“坚坚决决要要命命”:insist,advise,suggest,propose;deside;

14、require,request,desire,demand;order,command2021/8/11 星期三10(2)用在用在 It is necessary/important/strange/natural/surprising/essential/vital/a pity+从从句中句中,从句用从句用(should)+动动 词原形词原形:eg:It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected.It is strange that he should have said so.It is no

15、t surprising that Alfred should have married Amy.2021/8/11 星期三112.用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中:(1)在wish后的宾从表与现在相反用一般过去时（系词用were）;与过去相反用过去完成时；与将来相反用would/could/might+动词原形:(2)How I wish _ a bird and could fly freely in the sky!（be）I wish I _ so many mistakes in the last exam.(make)How I wish it _ raining now!(be)we

16、reHad not madeWerent(2)在would rather后接从句,用过去时表示与现在或将来相反;用过去完成时表示与过去相反:eg.Id rather you came tomorrow.Id rather you hadnt told him the news.(3)在advise,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest后用should+动词原形,should可以省略:2021/8/11 星期三12 eg.He suggested we(should)start off early the next day.We

17、insisted they not be present at such gathering.He ordered that all(should)take part in the work.They requested that we(should)have lunch with them.但是但是:当当suggest表示表示“暗示暗示,表明表明”insist表示表示“坚坚 持认为持认为”时时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气:eg.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted

18、 that he had never stolen the money.2021/8/11 星期三133.用于表语从句中用于表语从句中:在在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion 等后面的表语从句中等后面的表语从句中:eg.My advice is that he wait till next week.Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart.The generals order was that all the soldiers reach the bo

19、rder in ten hours.2021/8/11 星期三144.用于用于同位语从句同位语从句中中:在在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中等后面的同位语从句中,如如:E.g.We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing.Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border.Here is the doctors advice that you should

20、take the medicine 4 times a day.2021/8/11 星期三15（三）（三）.用于其他句型用于其他句型:1.在在It is(high)time that 句型中句型中,定语从句的谓语定语从句的谓语动词用过去时动词用过去时,或或should+动词原形动词原形(should不能省略不能省略):eg.It is(high)time that you went to school.Its time you did something about it.It is(high)time that we should start out.2021/8/11 星期三162.用于用

21、于 if only(要是要是就好了就好了)引导的感叹句中，用引导的感叹句中，用法同法同wish,如如:eg.If only I were a bird!If only I had known her telephone number /e-mail address!If only I hadnt lost it!If only the letter had arrived in time!2021/8/11 星期三173 用于用于as if,as though 引导的从句时引导的从句时:以以as if、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该

22、用陈述式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气语气,与现在相反用过去时，与过去相反用与现在相反用过去时，与过去相反用过去完成时。如：过去完成时。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he were an adult.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.Better take an umbrella with you.It look as if a heven rain is around the corner.2

23、021/8/11 星期三184.May+动词原形，表示祝愿动词原形，表示祝愿.如如:May the friendship between our two peoples last forever!May you succeed!May the plan work!2021/8/11 星期三191.If I had had enough time,I_ my work.A.would finish B.must have finished C.would have finishedD.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier,they _ the plane.A.wi

24、ll catch B.would catch C.would have caughtD.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week.A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard,he_ the exam.A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed CCAD2021/8/11 星期三205.I wish I

25、_ what is happening there in his room.A.knowB.knownC.knewD.should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day.A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have 7.If there were no water in the world,everything _.A.will die B.would die C.would have diedD.would have been dead 8._ what was going to hap

26、pen,I would never have left her alone.A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known CABA2021/8/11 星期三219.He ordered that the work _ right away.A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight?No,Id rather _ at home with our baby.Youd better no

27、t leave it to the babysitter at night.A.you stayedB.you stayC.stayedD.stay 11._ in your position,I would help him.A.Was IB.Were IC.If I amD.If I had been 12.I _,but I was stopped by the heavy rain.A.mean to come B.meant to come C.had meant to comeD.meant coming DABC2021/8/11 星期三2213.Mrs Black insist

28、s_ in that old hotel.A.not to stay B.not staying C.staying not D.that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly,you would_.A.understand it B.have understood C.be understoodD.have been understood 15.If you _ that late movie last night,you wouldnt be so sleepy.A.havent watchedB.hadnt watched C.didnt w

29、atch D.wouldnt have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he _ a Chinese.A.isB.beC.should beD.wereDDBD2021/8/11 星期三2317.If he _,he_ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not takeB.would be warned;had not takenC.had been warned;would not hav

30、e takenD.would have been warned;had not taken C2021/8/11 星期三241.If you _(arrive)ten minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.2.Its time that we _(go)to the railway station.3.If they_(not help)us,our experiment would have failed.4.Youre five minutes late.I suggested that you _(come)earlier tomorr

31、ow.5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we _(drink)a glass of water after we get up.had arrived(should)drinkhadnt helped(should)comewent/should go2021/8/11 星期三256.She insisted that she_(send)to work in the faraway small town.7._ I not _(forget)his telephone number,I would have rung him.8.He is busy now.If he _(be)free,he_(go)with you.9.The manager was in his office then.If he _(be)here,everything _(settle)in a minute.had been,would haven been settled were,would goHad forgotten(should)be sent 2021/8/11 星期三262021/8/11 星期三27