高中英语 语法复习课件1 非谓语动词复习课件 新人教必修5.ppt

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1、语法专项提升语法专项提升非谓语动词非谓语动词2021/8/11 星期三1动词不定式不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。2021/8/11 星期三2在cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help but之后接不带to的不定式。I have no choice but to wait.我除了等别无选择。I cant do anything but go out with her.我除了和她一起出去什么也不能做。I could not but admit that h

2、e was right and I was wrong.我不得不承认他对了，我错了。I cannot help but wait for him.我不得不等他。I cannot choose but tell him the truth.我不得不告诉他真相。2021/8/11 星期三3不定式作状语(1)不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。To learn English well，he needs a good dictionary.为了学好英语，他需要一本好词典。(而不能说：To learn English well，a good dictionary is needed.)202

3、1/8/11 星期三4(2)有些不定式短语可以作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。To be honest，I know nothing about it.说实话，我对那件事一无所知。常见的这类短语有：to tell the truth，to be frank (坦率地说)，to be exact，to begin with。(3)不定式作结果状语时，常表示一种意外的结果，尤其是和only连用时，常用only to find。He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他跑到火车站却发现火车

4、已开走。2021/8/11 星期三5不定式的主动形式表示被动意义(1)不定式作定语与被修饰名词或代词构成动宾关系，并且不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。I have something important to do.我有要事要做。注意：当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，动词不定式常用被动形式。Im going to the market.Do you have anything to be bought?我要去市场，你有东西让我替你买吗？2021/8/11 星期三6(2)某些动词的不定式可以与be连用，常见的有to blame，to see，to let等。In the accident，t

5、he car driver was to blame.在这次事故中，轿车司机应受责备。2021/8/11 星期三7分词分词的时态和语态分分词词时时态态语态语态意意义义例句例句主主动动被被动动现现在在分分词词一一般般式式doingbeingdone分分词动词动作作和主句和主句谓谓语动语动作同作同时发时发生生Being poor，he couldnt go to school.The question being discussed now is important.完完成成式式havingdonehavingbeendone分分词动词动作作发发生在主生在主句句谓语动谓语动作之前作之前Having

6、 done his homework，he went to play football.Having been given such a good chance，how could he let it pass away？2021/8/11 星期三8分分词词 时态时态语态语态意意义义例句例句主主动动被被动动过过去去分分词词done表示被表示被动动或或完成，有完成，有时时既表被既表被动动又又表完成表完成Heated，this kind of wood gives off much smoke.2021/8/11 星期三9分词的句法功能分词具有形容词和副词的属性，因此可以在句中担当定语、表语、宾语

7、补足语和状语的作用。功能功能例句例句备备注注定定语语This is an amusing story.The excited people rushed into the building.The boy standing_at_the_door is my cousin.Theletterposted_yesterday will soon reach him.1.单单个的分个的分词词作定作定语时语时，一般，一般放在被修放在被修饰词饰词的前面的前面2.分分词词短短语语作定作定语时语时，则则放在放在被修被修饰词饰词的后面，在功能上相的后面，在功能上相当于一个定当于一个定语语从句从句2021/8

8、/11 星期三10功能功能例句例句备备注注表表语语The news was inspiring.The glass is broken.We were excited at the news.1.现现在分在分词词作表作表语说语说明主明主语语的的性性质质、特性、特性2.过过去分去分词词作表作表语说语说明主明主语语所所处处的状的状态态宾语宾语补补足足语语I heard a girl crying next door.Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I found my key lost.1.现现在分在分词词作作宾补宾补与与宾语宾语之之间间

9、存在着主存在着主谓谓关系，关系，强强调动调动作正作正在在进进行行2.过过去分去分词词作作宾补宾补与与宾语宾语之之间间存在着存在着动宾动宾关系即被关系即被动动关系，关系，强强调动调动作的被作的被动动或完成或完成2021/8/11 星期三11功能功能例句例句备备注注状状语语While_crossing_the_street，be careful.Her parents died，leaving_her_an_orphan.The teacher entered the lab，followed_by_the_students.分分词词或分或分词词短短语语作状作状语时语时，可表示可表示时间时间、原因

10、、原因、结结果、果、行行为为方式、伴随状况等，相方式、伴随状况等，相当于一个状当于一个状语语从句的作用从句的作用2021/8/11 星期三12过去分词与现在分词的被动式和不定式的被动式作定语的区别这三种形式作定语，主要区别在动作发生的时间上。(1)过去分词表示动作或是在谓语动作之前，或只是表示被动。He is a teacher loved and respected by his students.(2)现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。The film being shown is directed by Ang Lee.(3)不定式的被动式作定

11、语时，表示一个未来的动作。The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.2021/8/11 星期三13独立主格结构独立主格结构，就是分词有其自己的独立主语，可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随情况状语从句的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表：2021/8/11 星期三14表表现现形式形式意意义义例句例句名名词词/代代词词现现在在分分词词/过去过去分词分词现现在分在分词词表主表主动动进进行，行，过过去分去分词词表被表被动动和完成

12、和完成Weather permitting，well go out for a walk.Homework finished，the boy went out to play.不不 定式定式表将来，表将来，计计划安划安排要做的事排要做的事The exam to be held tomorrow，I cant go to the cinema tonight.形容形容词词/副副词词表明名表明名词词或代或代词词所所处处的状的状态态Our lessons(being)over，we went to play football.介介词词短短语语表位置表位置The girl is walking in

13、the field，packet on the back.2021/8/11 星期三15表表现现形式形式意意义义例句例句with名词名词/代词代词现现在分在分词词表主表主动动、进进行行They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.过过去分去分词词表被表被动动、完成完成She had to walk home with her bike stolen.不定式不定式表将来表将来I cant go out to play with so much homework to do.形容形容词词表状表状态态He used

14、to sleep with windows open.副副词词表状表状态态He went up to sleep with lights on.介介词词短短语语表位置表位置Thechildrencame running toward us，with flowers in their hands.2021/8/11 星期三16动名词在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.这里禁止吸

15、烟，但你可以吸。We dont allow smoking in the hall.我们不准在大厅内吸烟。2021/8/11 星期三17动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，并且主语为物时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦一下。2021/8/11 星期三18Its no use begging him.求他没用。2021/8/11 星期三191.(2009年辽宁卷)_，you need to

16、give all you have and try your best.ABeing a winner BTo be a winnerCBe a winner DHaving been a winner【解析】句意为：要想成为一名胜利者，你需要付出你的全部并竭尽全力。根据句子与空格处非谓语动词的逻辑关系，可知需用不定式作目的状语，故选B。【答案】B2021/8/11 星期三202.(2009年浙江卷)_and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.ATo be tired BTire

17、dCTiring DBeing tired【解析】句意为：虽然疲惫不堪，气喘吁吁，Andy和Ruby还是第一批登上泰山山顶。分词和形容词短语作状语，说明他们俩到达泰山山顶时的状况：又累又喘不过气来。A项表目的；B项表伴随或结果；D项表原因；C项意为“令人疲惫的”，不合语意。【答案】B2021/8/11 星期三213.(2009年浙江卷)There is a great deal of evidence_that music activities engage different parts of the brain.Aindicate BindicatingCto indicate Dto b

18、e indicating【解析】句意为：有大量证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部位。现在分词indicating作定语修饰evidence。【答案】B2021/8/11 星期三224(2009年辽宁卷)When we visited my old family home，memory came_back.Aflooding Bto floodCflood Dflooded【解析】句意为：当我们参观我的老家时，记忆又涌上心头。现在分词作方式状语。【答案】A 2021/8/11 星期三235.(2009年山东卷)We are invited to a party_in our club next F

19、riday.Ato be held BheldCbeing held Dholding【解析】句意为：我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。hold与party为动宾关系，所以hold应用被动形式；to be held作后置定语，表将来，修饰a party。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三246(2009年福建卷)_not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.AReminding BRemindedCTo remind DHaving reminded【解析】句意为：有人提

20、醒经理不要错过1520的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，主句主语the manager与remind之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除A、C、D三项，因为这三项表主动，而只有B项表被动。【答案】B2021/8/11 星期三257.(2009年福建卷)In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，_the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.Amarking BmarkedChaving marked Dbeing marked【解析】句

21、意为：2009年4月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立60年的标志。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三268.(2009年重庆卷)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one.Acomparing BcomparesCto compare Dcompared【解析】句意为：和旧房子相比，Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。compare与逻辑主语Michaels new house之间构成被动关系。【答案】D2021/8/11 星期三279(2009年安徽卷)The play_next mo

22、nth aims mainly to reflect the local culture.Aproduced Bbeing producedCto be produced Dhaving been produced【解析】句意为：下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。to be produced作后置定语，修饰名词play，表示“将上演的”。produced表示“上演过的”，being produced表示“正在上演的”。【答案】C2021/8/11 星期三2810.(2009年上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles ea

23、st of the city，_all four people on board.Akilled BkillingCkills Dto kill【解析】句意为：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部丧生。用kill的现在分词形式killingwhich killed作结果状语。【答案】B2021/8/11 星期三291(2010届南昌二中月考)On the bank of the river，we found him_on a beach，with his eyes_on a kite in the sky.Aseated；fixing Bsitting；fixingCseate

24、d；being fixed Dsitting；fixed【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空用seated或sitting作宾补，第二空处是with复合结构，由fix ones eyes on sth.可知应用过去分词fixed。【答案】D2021/8/11 星期三302(2010届南昌二中月考)The survey_in our school last month shows that about 2 percent of the students are addicted to Internet games.Aconducted BHaving been conductedCconducting

25、 Dto be conducted【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词conduct与主语the survey之间存在动宾关系，又依据last month可知，该动作发生在过去，故选A项。conducted在此作定语，相当于which was conducted。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三313(2010届湖南长郡中学月考)Alcohol is classified as a downer，and although it is legal，it can damage the liver and do great harm if_in large quantities.Aconsume Bto

26、 consumeCconsuming Dconsumed【解析】考查非谓语动词。从语意可知，本句中的it指alcohol，主语it与consume存在被动关系，因此应该使用consume的过去分词形式。【答案】D2021/8/11 星期三324(2010届江西师大附中月考)_that we should look after the three dogs three times，my mother left home.AMentioning BHaving been mentionedCHaving mentioned DMentioned【解析】mention这个动作的逻辑主语是mother

27、，首先排除B、D两项；mention这个动作发生在leave之前，故应用having done的形式。【答案】C2021/8/11 星期三335(2010届郑州外国语学校月考)With the decision_，the members present at the meeting were dismissed.Ato make Bto be madeCmade Dhaving made【解析】考查with结构。“with名词/代词to do/doing/done”结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等情况。本句用过去分词表示一个被动完成的动作。【答案】C2021/8/11 星期三34

28、6(2010届河北辛集中学一模)Sichuan Province，_in southwest China and_an area of 485,000 kilometers，is one of the largest and most inaccessible provinces in China.Alocated；covered Blocating；coveringClocated；covering Dlocating；covered【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空需要用过去分词，该处作定语，相当于which is located；第二空后有宾语an area of 485,000 kilom

29、eters，cover的逻辑主语又是句子的主语，所以用现在分词形式。【答案】C2021/8/11 星期三357(2010年上海春招)_well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.ADo BDoingCDone DBeing done【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子缺少主语，所以此处用动名词作主语，即Doing well in an interview是句子的主语，其他选项都不能充当主语，所以这里选B项。【答案】B2021/8/11 星期三368(2010年上海春招)_by the g

30、rowing interest in nature，more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.AInfluenced BInfluencingCHaving influenced DTo be influenced【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的解题关键是找准其逻辑主语。在本题中，influence的逻辑主语是more and more people，它们之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。D项表示将来，不符合语意。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三379(2010年上海春招)_as an Olympic event，a sport must b

31、e played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.ATo accept BHaving acceptedCTo be accepted DAccepting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：一项运动项目要想被认可为奥运项目，必须至少在四个大洲75个以上的国家开展过。动词accept的逻辑主语是a sport，它们之间为动宾关系，此处不定式to be accepted表示目的，符合语意。【答案】C2021/8/11 星期三3810(2010年西安检测)It doesnt make sense_after_.You should c

32、heer up and practice hard instead.Ato complain；being defeated Bcomplain；defeatingCcomplain；being defeated Dto complain；defeating【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，由此可以排除B、C两项；根据语意可知，you与defeat是动宾关系，即要用被动形式，由此可以排除D项。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三3911(2010年西安检测)It is hoped that this project_ by the en

33、d of 2010 will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.Abeing accomplished BaccomplishedCwill be accomplished Dto be accomplished【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句中的时间“by the end of 2010”可知，动作发生在将来，故用不定式表将来，又因project和accomplish之间是动宾关系，故选D项，不定式to be accomplished作project的后置定语，表示还没有发生的被动动作。【答案】D2021/8/11 星期三4012(2010

34、年福建四地六校第三次联考)_by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit，they decided to visit the small old town again.AStruck BTo be struckCHaving struck DBeing struck【解析】strike与其逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，故应用动词的过去分词形式作状语。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三4113(2010年皖南八校第二次联考)Something as simple as_vegetables in childhood may he

35、lp to protect you against serious illness in later life.Ato eat BeatingCto be eating Deaten【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格前的as为介词，其后的动词应用其动词形式。句意为：童年时像吃蔬菜这样简单的事也许后来会帮助你预防严重的疾病。【答案】B2021/8/11 星期三4214.(2009年福建检测)The computer programs are a puzzle to me.The more I think of them，the more questions I think of_.AaskBasked

36、Cbeing asked Dto ask【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。这里是不定式作定语。【答案】D2021/8/11 星期三4315.(2009年苏州调研)What do you suppose_her look so upset?_by her boyfriend again.Amaking；MisunderstoodBhad made；Being misunderstoodCmade；Having been misunderstoodDhas made；Misunderstood2021/8/11 星期三44【解析】考查句子结构。从句子结构可知第一个空是句子的谓语动词，故可排除A项；第二空是分词短语用来回答问句中的“What”，选项必须具有名词性，因此过去分词(D项)应该被排除；选项B中的had made时态不对，本题不具备使用过去完成时的条件，即它不是发生在另一个过去的动作之前。由此可见本题应该选择C。【答案】C2021/8/11 星期三452021/8/11 星期三46