高中英语 高考英语写作方法与技巧.ppt

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1、 NMET英语写作方法与技巧英语写作方法与技巧-Scoring High in NMET 2011 Writing 2021/8/11 星期三1 NMET2009书面表达书面表达 假定你住在一个涉外小区。社区委员会请你帮假定你住在一个涉外小区。社区委员会请你帮忙用英文以短文的形式写一封电子邮件，将周末忙用英文以短文的形式写一封电子邮件，将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。要点：要点：时间：下周六上午时间：下周六上午8：00至至11：00内容：采摘苹果内容：采摘苹果报名：办公室，下周四下午报名：办公室，下周四下午5：00前前提示：带帽子、手套提示：带帽子、手套欢迎踊

2、跃参加欢迎踊跃参加2021/8/11 星期三2NMET2009书面表达Our Dear Residents,In order to enrich the life of the residents,the committee of our community has arranged a special activity for next weekend.We plan to go to a farm to pick apples from 8 to 11 next Saturday morning.All the residents in the 2021/8/11 星期三3communit

3、y can join.Those interested in the activity have to sign up in the office before 5 next Thursday.In addition,while working there,youd better wear a hat and gloves to protect your face from being exposed to the strong sunlight and your hands(from being)hurt.2021/8/11 星期三4Welcome to take an active par

4、t in the activity.Wish you a wonderful time!The committee of the community2021/8/11 星期三5Our Dear Residents,In order to enrich the life of the residents,our community committee has arranged a special activity for next weekend:well go to a farm to pick apples.The activity will start next Saturday morn

5、ing and will last three hours.The signing-up in the office will be ending before 5 next Thursday.One more thing,if you have decided to go with us,2021/8/11 星期三6be sure to take hats and gloves with you,as they are necessary to use while you are working.We really expect all the residents in the commun

6、ity will join us and have fun.The committee of the community （106words)2021/8/11 星期三7Rewriting skills(写作有道）1.重视重视5 wh-questions:who what when where why 2.Resupply writing skill(追述技巧）追述技巧）3.Subjects(无生命的物作主语无生命的物作主语)4.名词修饰名词名词修饰名词 5.借助标点借助标点 6.首尾相顾的写作方式首尾相顾的写作方式 7.避免冗言与拖泥带水避免冗言与拖泥带水 2021/8/11 星期三8 文的

7、形态文的形态:三段式三段式,首尾相顾首尾相顾;开门见山开门见山,直入主题直入主题;10句句:文章开头与结尾文章开头与结尾:i.主题句主题句 开始就点明全文主题开始就点明全文主题:We all want to grow up happily,and for this goal we must do several things.ii.时空法时空法 以介绍某事件发生的时间和地点作为文章以介绍某事件发生的时间和地点作为文章开头开头 文章结尾文章结尾:i.总结式总结式 把全文提出的主要观点进行概括和总结把全文提出的主要观点进行概括和总结:ii.重复文章开头提出的主题重复文章开头提出的主题,以达到前后呼

8、应的效果以达到前后呼应的效果:iii.提出期望提出期望,或对未来展望或对未来展望:If we do those things well,we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.2021/8/11 星期三9Saturday,May 6 cloudy Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday,and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.Earl

9、y in the morning,we set out.Li Ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack,and in mine there was a flashlight,a map,a knife,a first-aid kit,some matches,candles,food,and clothing.On the way to the campsite,we climbed a hill,and then we swam across a river,pushing the backpacks on a large

10、piece of wood we had found by the river.As we got into a forest,we lost our way.2021/8/11 星期三10Luckily,we found the right directionwith the compass.By the time we arrived at the campsite,it had already been dark.Li Ming then put up the tent,and I made a fire and started cooking.The two of us spent t

11、he night in the forest.We learned to use knowledge gained in classroom training to solve problems.It was quite an experience for us both,which Ill never forget for the rest of my life.2021/8/11 星期三11句的形态句的形态 E1(过渡性词语），过渡性词语），E2(主语主语Subject的的多样性多样性),E3(修饰性词语修饰性词语),E4(精彩动精彩动词词 谓语部分谓语部分),E5(补述或追述补述或追述)

12、.2021/8/11 星期三12 认识英语写作的基本特点认识英语写作的基本特点 语序与信息：人们通过语言传递的信息语序与信息：人们通过语言传递的信息是一个片断一个片断进行的。一个信息片是一个片断一个片断进行的。一个信息片断可以是一个句子，信息片断传递的信息断可以是一个句子，信息片断传递的信息可粗略地分为已知信息和新信息。一个信可粗略地分为已知信息和新信息。一个信息片断最显著的部分有二：一是传递信息息片断最显著的部分有二：一是传递信息的起点，即处于句首的主位，另一个是新的起点，即处于句首的主位，另一个是新信息中最重要的部分，即信息中心。信息中最重要的部分，即信息中心。主主位通常传递已知信息，信息

13、中心位于句尾位通常传递已知信息，信息中心位于句尾传递新信息。传递新信息。2021/8/11 星期三13从信息分布的情况说，英语句中最重从信息分布的情况说，英语句中最重要的信息一般出现在末端，称为末端要的信息一般出现在末端，称为末端中心；从结构分布上看，中心；从结构分布上看，英语句中结英语句中结构形式较长，较复杂的成分一般也向构形式较长，较复杂的成分一般也向后推移，这种结构配置称为句尾重心。后推移，这种结构配置称为句尾重心。这两条原则是决定英语结构次序的重这两条原则是决定英语结构次序的重要依据。要依据。2021/8/11 星期三14 句尾重心句尾重心-补述的写作手法补述的写作手法补述技巧是高考英

14、语写作最重要的技巧之补述技巧是高考英语写作最重要的技巧之一。补述分并列补述和后位补述两种。补一。补述分并列补述和后位补述两种。补述的特点是既可以使语言连贯述的特点是既可以使语言连贯,又可以收又可以收到简练、生动的效果到简练、生动的效果,有时又能适时地表有时又能适时地表现当事人内心的思想活动现当事人内心的思想活动,常用于事实表常用于事实表述后的情感感受述后的情感感受,引发的感想或对事实细引发的感想或对事实细节补充的场合节补充的场合,一般会收到好的效果。一般会收到好的效果。2021/8/11 星期三15 E5 补述或追述：补述或追述：1.He paused for a moment,wonderi

15、ng whether to turn back as the captain urged him.2.Upon arrival,my uncle hugged Pompy,and tried to give him courage.3.Tom is very tired,and really he should go to bed.4.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.The car did

16、nt stop but drove off at great speed，heading west.5.On the other side,where the playground used to be，now stands another new building-our library.6Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.In fact,its only one stop.2021/8/11 星期三16E4 精彩动词精彩动词 谓语部分：谓语部分：1.With the development of Internet,more and

17、more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Years time.2.Aside from water pollution,we are suffering from air pollution and soil pollution as well.3.This brings out the important fact that we Chinese young people are really fond of public affairs.4They say large crowds of

18、tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams.5There is sure to be a lot of fun.6To think“想不到想不到;居然居然;想想看想想看”To think that in just a few weeks I will be a college student(,and stay in a bright college room with)!7要是你那天在这里该有多好。要是你那天在这里该有多好。If only you would be here on the day!2021/8/11 星期三17E1 过渡性词

19、语：过渡性词语：1.By the time we arrived at the campsite,it had already been dark.2.I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class.This way,they may be healthier and more energetic.3.The time passed quickly.Before we knew it,we had to say goodbye to the workers.4.With Tom s

20、taying together with us,we all felt relaxed and at ease.5.As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.2021/8/11 星期三186.In my opinion,it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools,we students should be honest and try to get good results by stu

21、dying hard instead of cheating in examinations.7.Whats more,we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.8.In addition,it often takes quite a few hours off,and they cannot afford the time.9.Personally,I agree with the former.In fact,I often go online at the weekends and

22、 have fun.But I dont think sticking to the internet for too long will be good.10.The more modernized life we are living,the more civilized we should be.2021/8/11 星期三19后位补述后位补述:1.He bathed and had dinner,giving everyone the impression that there was no danger at all.2.He paused for a moment,wondering

23、 whether to turn back as the captain urged him.3.Upon arrival,my uncle hugged Pompy,and tried to give him courage.2021/8/11 星期三204.The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed,heading west.表达法表达法:drive off heading west 高速向西高速向西开去开去 5.On the other side,where the playground used to be，now stands an

24、other new building-our library.该句含一个由该句含一个由where引导的非限定性的定语从引导的非限定性的定语从句句,在此处插入在此处插入,令人感到自然、令人感到自然、得体得体,其中还其中还使用了表达法使用了表达法used to be,准确、地道。该句的准确、地道。该句的后半部由一个倒装句组成后半部由一个倒装句组成,在对主语作进一步说在对主语作进一步说明时明时,使用了破折号使用了破折号,语言既利落语言既利落,结构又紧凑。结构又紧凑。2021/8/11 星期三21 了解了解NMET书面表达的答题要求书面表达的答题要求 按按5个档次给分个档次给分,写一篇写一篇100个单

25、词左右的书面个单词左右的书面材料。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内材料。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等容等;提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短文等。书面表达的要求是文等。书面表达的要求是:1.覆盖所有的语言要点覆盖所有的语言要点。内容要点可用不同方内容要点可用不同方 式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。2.应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。值得。值得 意的是意的是 语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致但为尽力使用

26、较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具有较强的语言运用能力具有较强的语言运用能力。点评点评:此点极为重要此点极为重要,现举实例如下现举实例如下,部分为部分为核心部分核心部分:2021/8/11 星期三22 My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.该句使用该句使用with结构结构,其结构为其结构为with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语。该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外,behind一词用作一词用作seat定语的用法也十分轻巧。定语的用法也十分轻巧。There is sure to be a l

27、ot of fun.在在There is句式中加入句式中加入be sure to等表达是等表达是十分有用的写作技巧十分有用的写作技巧,又如又如:There happened to be.There seems to be.3.上下文的连贯性上下文的连贯性,即有效地使用语句间的连接即有效地使用语句间的连接 成分成分,全文结构紧凑。全文结构紧凑。4.语言的得体性语言的得体性2021/8/11 星期三235.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方 面面,对交际程度有一定的影响对交际程度有一定的影响,应予以应予以考考 虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。虑。英、美拼写及词汇

28、用法均可接受。6.书写较差书写较差,以至影响交际以至影响交际,将分数降低将分数降低一一 个档次。个档次。建议：在听力结束后，建议用建议：在听力结束后，建议用2-3分钟提前分钟提前了解书面表达情景作文的命题，以便从容了解书面表达情景作文的命题，以便从容构思构思2021/8/11 星期三24NMET2009 假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东一户英国人家里。今天你的房东MrsWilson不在家，你准备外出，请给不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs Wilson写一留言条，内容包括：写一留言条，内容包括：1外出购物外出购物 2替房东

29、还书替房东还书3Tracy来电话留言：来电话留言：1)咖啡屋咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消见面取消 2)此事已告知此事已告知Susan 3)尽快回电尽快回电2021/8/11 星期三25Mrs Wilson,Im going out shopping,and wont be back until about 5:00 pm.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library.At about 1 oclock this afternoon,Tracy called,saying

30、 that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to.She felt very sorry about that,but said that you could set some other time for the meeting.She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.She has already told Susan about this change.Li

31、Hua2021/8/11 星期三26NMET2008假定你是李华，从小喜欢大熊猫假定你是李华，从小喜欢大熊猫(panda)，一直通过有关网站一直通过有关网站(websites)关注三年前关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳苏琳”和他的母亲和他的母亲“白云白云”。现在苏琳即将三。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信：一封信：内容要点内容要点1.自我介绍自我介绍 2.信息来源信息来源 3.祝贺生日祝贺生日 4.感感谢照顾谢照顾 5.索取照片索取照片 6.合适的结尾合适的结尾2021/8/11 星期三27

32、Dear Sir/Madam,Greetings from China!Im Li Hua,a student in Sichuan.Ive been a panda lover since I was a child.About three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and Ive been watching her grow on your website.Now shes going to be there.Id like to wish her a ha

33、ppy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work,because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.By the way,could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday?Thank you very much in advance.Yours truly,Li Hua2021/8/11 星期三28NMET2007 假定你是李华，希望

34、通过外籍教师假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter。找一位英语笔友，请写一封短信，描述一找一位英语笔友，请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：这样的笔友。具体条件包括：1年龄；年龄；2性别；性别；3爱好爱好(旅游、运动、宠物等旅游、运动、宠物等)。2021/8/11 星期三29 Dear Peter。I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favorI want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl in her

35、 early twenties，and with interests similar to mineIn my mind,she is someone who is interested in traveling，swimming，and playing table tennisBesides，it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some timeWith such a pen friend，I hope I can share with her our experiences

36、in traveling，taking care of pets，or whatever we have in commonAnd I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country I look forward to hearing from you soon Best regards，Li Hua2021/8/11 星期三30NMET 大学生活即将开始，你将面对新的学习和生活环大学生活即将开始，你将面对新的学习和生活环境，请根据提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈你打算如境，请根据提示写一篇英

37、语短文，谈谈你打算如何安排你的大学生活。内容要点应包括：何安排你的大学生活。内容要点应包括：。确定新的学习目标。确定新的学习目标 。改进学习方法。改进学习方法 。学会独立生活。学会独立生活 。参加各种课外活动。参加各种课外活动 。处理好与同学的关系。处理好与同学的关系2021/8/11 星期三31 I will go to college in the near future.After I enter college,I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning.Whats more,as I am aw

38、ay from my parents,it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own,such as doing some washing and cleaning by myself.In my spare time,I will take part in different kinds of school activities,for example,I will often go to the English Corner to practice my spoken English.In addition,I need to get a

39、long well with my classmates and teachers at college.I think I will have a wonderful life.2021/8/11 星期三32NMET Beijing 国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的的“和平，友爱和平，友爱”夏令营活动，要求报名者提交夏令营活动，要求报名者提交英文个人简介。假设你是王珊，请根据下列信息英文个人简介。假设你是王珊，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简介。写一篇个人简介。姓名：王珊姓名：王珊 性别：女性别：女年龄：年龄：16岁岁 学校：北京阳光中学学校：北京

40、阳光中学其他：其他：爱好音乐，摄影；爱好音乐，摄影；善于与人交流，善于与人交流，乐于助乐于助人；人；热爱自然，热爱和平热爱自然，热爱和平参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化2021/8/11 星期三33 Im Wang Shan,a girl of sixteen,presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School.I like music,especially classical music.Im also interested in photography because it allows m

41、e to record the beautiful moments in my life.Through my hobbies,Ive made many friends.In fact,I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them.Believing we all need help from each other,I appreciate friends help,and Im willing to help anyone in need.I love life;I lover Mother Nature;and I love

42、peace.I hate any form of violence.I would like to join the Peace&Friendship Summer Camp since it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their culture.2021/8/11 星期三34NMET Writing(Sample)你校高三学生举行了一场有关高三学生在高三复习期间你校高三学生举行了一场有关高三学生在高三复习期间上网

43、是否合适的讨论。讨论的题目是：上网是否合适的讨论。讨论的题目是：Is it wise for Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busypreparing for the College Entrance Examination?请你根据下面提示写一篇短文，请你根据下面提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。介绍讨论的情况。一些同学认为一些同学认为:(1)应当上网。上网可以获取有用的信息应当上网。上网可以获取有用的信息,好处很多。好处很多。(2)上网可以调节身心。上网可以调节身心。另一些同学认为另一些同学认为:(1)时间紧时间紧,不应上网浪费时间

44、。不应上网浪费时间。(2)上网对高三复习帮助有限。上网对高三复习帮助有限。你赞成上网你赞成上网,但认为应有度。但认为应有度。2021/8/11 星期三35 Senior 3 students in our school have different views on whether Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination.One possible version:Senior 3 students in our school have dif

45、ferent views on whether Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination.Some think that Senior 3 students,though busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination,can benefit by surfing the Internet.They insist that surfing the Internet is a good wa

46、y to gain the information needed,2021/8/11 星期三36and what is better still,surfing the Internet can help them relax and enjoy life,which is especially important for a student of Senior 3.But some others hold an opposite opinion.They argue that the surfing of the Internet is not really necessary,since

47、the College Entrance Examination is drawing near.In addition,it often takes quite a few hours off,and they cannot afford the time.Personally,I agree with the former.In fact,I often go online at the weekends and have fun.But I dont think sticking to the internet for too long will be good.2021/8/11 星期

48、三37 注意语言评价能力的培养与运用注意语言评价能力的培养与运用 考生在完成考生在完成NMET书面表达的过程时书面表达的过程时,应当有一整套那怕是初步的写作微技能应当有一整套那怕是初步的写作微技能的有效支持。其中最重要的是能够依靠的有效支持。其中最重要的是能够依靠良好的语言评价能力的有效支持。语言良好的语言评价能力的有效支持。语言评价能力也称评价能力也称编校能力编校能力,是指考生写作是指考生写作时时,同时评价自己的能力。评价大致包括同时评价自己的能力。评价大致包括(1)审题、审图是否准确审题、审图是否准确;写作要点是否写作要点是否 完整完整 (2)布局谋篇是否合理布局谋篇是否合理;文章层次是否

49、清文章层次是否清晰晰(3)句式是否丰富句式是否丰富;组句是否正确组句是否正确 (4)行文是否连贯行文是否连贯;细节是否严谨细节是否严谨 (5)表达是否清楚表达是否清楚;措辞是否得体措辞是否得体2021/8/11 星期三38解读解读NMET书面表达高频考点书面表达高频考点 1.都具备都具备Who(主体主体),What(内容内容),Where(地地点点),When(时间时间),Why(原因原因)构成构成NMET书面表书面表达达 内容的内容的5大要素。大要素。2.不论通知类、情况介绍类还是情景描述类命不论通知类、情况介绍类还是情景描述类命 题题,题材均为考生所熟悉。题材均为考生所熟悉。3.都具备都具

50、备6个左右的描述要点。个左右的描述要点。4.都要求行文的连贯与流畅都要求行文的连贯与流畅,由此带来的是作由此带来的是作 状语用的副词状语用的副词(尤其是时间副词尤其是时间副词)、副词短语、副词短语 或副词从句提至句首。或副词从句提至句首。2021/8/11 星期三39II.要有连贯性要素要有连贯性要素 1.并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者自己去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系自己去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系,根据两部分的思想内容去推论根据两部分的思想内容去推论,从而达到思从而达到思想表达生动、有力和鲜明的修辞效果。想表达生动、有力和鲜明的修辞效果。We w