2022年八年级上册英语语法总结与测试题.docx
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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动词 一. 动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词,它分为行为动词,系动词、助动词和情态动词,动词种类多,变化又复杂,是学习英语的难点之一,下面依据动词的特点进行归类,并供应一些辨别方法,以便于懂得和把握;1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多,它含有实在的意义(又叫实义动词),表示 动作或状态,在句中可以单独作谓语,行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面必需加宾语, 意义才完整, 不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语,常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语;eg: We study English very hard. She has a
2、book in her hand. The sun rises in the east. 2. 连系动词本身有肯定词义,但不能独立作谓语,必需与表语一起构成谓语,常见的连系动词有: be, look, sound, get, become 等;eg: My parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good. 3. 助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,必需和主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定,时态或其它语法形式;常见的助动词有:be, have, do, will, shall等;eg: Do you h
3、ave a brother. Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary. I didnt go to the cinema yesterday. 4. 情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的语气和情态, 情态动词没有人称和数的变化, 情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定,常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, will, shall, need等;eg: Can you sing the English song. Everyone must get to school on time. 二. 动词的时态:
4、(一)时态概述:作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情形)发生时间的各种形式称为时态,英语中的时态, 就是通过特别的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词 be, have(has)等,用来表示动作或大事发生的不同时间和方面;eg: He reads newspapers every day. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. (二)一般现在时:1. 动词变化:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外 be 和 have 有特别的人称形式;在加词尾 -s 时要留意:情形
5、加法 例词_精品资料_ 一般情形加-s reads, writes, says 第 1 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载以 ch, sh, s, x, 或 o 收尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的词 变 y 为 i 再加 -es try tries carrycarries 读音:情形 读法 例词在ptkf 等清辅音后s helps, hates, asks, laughs 在sz t d3 等音后 iz faces, rises
6、, wishes, watches, urges 在其他情形下z plans, cries, shows 2. 一般现在时主要表示:(1)常常性或习惯性的动作,常与这样的时间状语连用:always, often, usually, sometimes等eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. (2)表示主语现在的特点、性格、才能等;eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both hav
7、e medium height. (3)表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词 do,does 的方式构成;第三 人称单数加 does ,其他加 do,这时动词一概用原形;动词 be 只需与主语位置对调就行了;eg: Do you like English. Do they have story books. What does she do every evening. Is she at home. Are
8、you good at English. 4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not (dont)或 does not (doesnt)动词原形来构成的, be 动词做谓语动词只需在be 后加 not 构成否定;eg: I don t like oranges at all. She doesn t work in the TV station. They aren t students. m not busy every weekend. I 三. 现在进行时:1. 动词变化:现在进行时由 如下:“ am /is /are动词现在分词 ”构成;加 -ing 的规章(1)一般在动词原形末尾加 -i
9、ng ;如:_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - staystaying 学习必备欢迎下载dodoing listen listening suffer suffering workworking spend spending looklooking 如:(2)以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加 -ing;如:make making taketaking givegiving ride riding please pleasing refuse refusing close closing operate
10、operating (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母, 再加 -ing;putputting sitsitting runrunning winwinning begin beginning 2. 现在进行时的用法(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和 now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用;有时用一个动词,如look(看), listen (听);eg: What are you reading now. Listen. Someone is singing in the classroom. (2)
11、表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作;eg: They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. (3)表示最近按方案或支配要进行的动作;现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按方案或支配要进行的动作,即可以用来 代替将来时;eg: When are you leaving. Are you going to Tibet tomorrow. 3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简洁;否定句在 加 not;疑问句把 be 动词移到主语前;eg: I am not working
12、. What are you reading now. How are you feeling today. The train isnt arriving soon. 四. 一般过去时:be(am, is, are )后面1. 动词变化:一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语动词 的过去式来表达;构成规章 原形 过去式 一般在动词末尾加 -ed work plant play worked planted _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载played 结尾是 e 的动词在末尾加 -
13、d like live change liked lived changed 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,划)stop drop planned stopped dropped 先双写这个辅音字母, 再加 -ed plan(计以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,先变 y 为 i 再加 -ed carry study cry carried studied cried 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 简洁回答I did not work. Did I work. Did I not work. Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you
14、 work. Did you not work. Yes, I did. No, I didn t. He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work. Did he / she / it not work. Yes, he / she / it /did. No, he /she /it didnt. We did not work. Did we work. Did we not work. Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work. Did you not w
15、ork. Yes, we did. No, we didnt. They did not work. Did they work. Did you they not work. Yes, they did. No, they didnt. 2. 一般过去时的基本用法:(1)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时;just now, two days ago, in the old days 等)eg: He left just now. Lei Feng was a good soldier. (eg: yesterday, last year, What did you have for br
16、eakfast this morning. (2)表示过去某一段时间内常常或反复发生的动作,这常常和表示频度的状语连用;eg: Last term we often did experiments. He always went to work by bus. 五. be going to 表示一般将来_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. 用法:表示现在准备在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人依据已有的迹 象认为很有可能要发生的事情,be 随着人称的变化变成( am, is, are )eg:
17、We are going to have a new subject this year. It s going to rain this afternoon. I m going to be a pilot when I grow up. 2. be going to 的否定句在 be 动词后加上 not;be going to 的疑问句把 be 动 词移到主语前;eg: He isn t going to see his brother tomorrow. I m not going to tell you about it. Whos going to use it. Is your s
18、ister going to bring your lunch. What are you going to do next Sunday. 【模拟试题】(答题时间:70 分钟)一. 改错:例 1:The rose dark red. 1. He very likes swimming. 2. He can helps you. The rose is dark red. 3. We haven t a good time. 4. What are you do after school every day. 5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I p
19、lay outside. 6. The fish smells not good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left. 8. There have many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses is broken. 10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand. 11. What colour are her hair. 12. Does he his homework. 13. A: Do you like your class. B:
20、 Yes. I like. 14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening. 15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday. 16. I have no brother and sister. 二. 连词组句:1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often 2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the 3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, ne
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