2022年牛津译林版八年级下册8B-现在完成时 .docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 现在完成时构成Have/has + 过去分词现在完成时的确定式、否定式和疑问式：单确定式否定式疑问式+ worked. I have I have Have I 数You have + worked You have + not worked Have you 复He/She/It has He/She/It has Have he/she/it + worked. We We Have we 数You +have worked You +have not worked Have you They They Have they 【提示】现在完成

2、时的确定式和否定式有其缩写形式：haveve, has 例如： Shes worked. =She has worked. Ive not worked. = I havent worked.现在完成时的否定疑问句形式为：Have you not worked. Have they not worked. Has he not worked.其缩写形式为：Havent you worked. Havent they worked. Hasnt he worked.现在完成时的简略回答形式为：Yes, I have. No, I have not/havent.用法 过去动作产生的影响等 表示过

3、去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果；在没有详细时间状语的情形下,现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成,而其结果或影响至今仍旧存在；因此,现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系,例如：也就是强调现在的影响和结果；Someone has broken the window. （“ 打破 ”这一动作虽然发生在过去,但影响连续至今,其结 果是窗子仍旧是破的,The window is now broken. ）I have lost my pen. （结果是：我现在无钢笔可用,I have no pen to use.）Hes locked the door.结果是：

4、现在门锁上了, 我们进不去, Now the door is locked and we cant go in. The party has started. The party started and now it is going on. I ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name.他今日仍没吃任何东西 .现在肯定很饿了 _ 我已经吃过午饭了（现在不饿了）_ 过去的动作连续到现在和将来 表示一个开头于过去,连续到现在,并可能连续下去的动作或状态,常同 for, since 引导的时间状语连用,或用于 How long （多久）句型中,表示连续的时间

5、；例如：He has studied English for ten years. （可能连续学下去）She has lived here since then. He has been in Nanjing since 2003. Miss Lin has worked in the factory since she came to the city. 你已经住在这个房子里多久了？_ 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 这个女孩已经病了一个星期了；_ 【提示】 for 是介词,后面只能跟单词或词组；或句子；同

6、recently 等状语连用since 是介词或连词,后面可以跟单词、词组现在完成经常同表示从过去某时刻连续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用,如 recently, today, this morning, this week, lately, up to now, so far, in the past/last few months, since three years ago 等；例如：I havent seen him this week.I have been busy this morning. He has bought a new bike recently. 同 oft

7、en 等状语连用现在完成经常同不明确指出详细时间的状语连用,如often, already, yet, never, ever, always, once, twice, sometimes, just, for a long time, only twice 等；例如：Have you done your homework yet. 我们已经完成了工作；_ 我从没去过英国；_ 将来某时已经完成的动作现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作；例如：He will come as soon as he has finished the homework. If

8、you have read the book before I leave, please lend it to me. We shall wait here until the rain has stopped. have gone 和 have been have gone 和 have been意义上不同,前者表示“ 到某地去了,尚没回来,现在不在这里”,后 者表示 “曾经到过某地,现在已返回” ；比较：She has gone to Beijing. 她现在不在这里,去北京了,可能已经到达,也可能仍在途中 She has been to Beijing. 她以前到过北京,现在已不在北京

9、了 Where has he been.他已回来 Where has he gone.他现在不在这里 比较：have been to do sth做过了某事 have gone to do sth 去做某事了 have come to do sth 来做某事了for 2004 仍是 since 2004 英语中有些动词表示的动作是一时性的、短暂的 、不能连续的,所以,不能同for 和 since等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,也不行用于“ How long/How many+时间名词 ”句中；因此,这类动词 可以单独使用于完成时中,但不行同表示一段时间的状语一起用于完成时中,包括现在完成时和过

10、去完成时；这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, join, receive, get, die, 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - buy, borrow, choose, close, fall, finish, kill, lend, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, sit down, stand up 等；比较：How long may I keep the book. Her grandmother has been dead fo

11、r five months. It is five months since her grandfather died. He has arrived. He arrived there three hours ago. It s three hours since he arrived. It has been three hours since he arrived. He has been away from Shanghai for two weeks. It is two weeks since he left Shanghai. He has left Shanghai. She

12、has joined the army. She has been in the army since 20004. It is three years since she joined the army. 【提示】 非连续性动词的完成时有时可以同for 引导的短语连用,但表示的是某一动作的目的或结果,而不是表示动作本身连续的时间；例如：She has come for two weeks.她已经来了,预备住两个星期；He has gone for three days.他走了,要在三天后回来；非连续性动词的否定式表示动作的连续过程,具有连续性,因此可以同 for 或 since 引导 的一段

13、时间状语连用；例如：I havent received her letter for a whole year. He hasn t bought any book since last month.for/since 的特别留意：在带有 for 或 since 短语或 since 从句的句子中以及How long 提问的句子中 ,谓语动词只用连续性动词 （可连续一段时间的动作,而不能用短暂性动词（在瞬时发生完毕的动作）常见的短暂性动词与连续性动词的转换borrow/lend havehas kept buy havehas had/owned die havehas been dead be

14、gin/start havehas been on finish havehas been over open havehas been open close havehas been closed catch a cold havehas had a cold fall ill havehas been ill fall asleep havehas been ill become havehas been leave havehas been away from get married havehas been married join havehas been a member of h

15、avehas been in move/come/go to havehas been in/at 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 现在完成时和一般过去时的比较现在完成时不行与表示特定过去时间的副词连用,如ago, then, yesterday 等,但一般过去时可以； 例如：He worked here last year. 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果,而一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关；例如：He has been ill for a week. （现在仍旧病着）H

16、e was ill for a week. （过去病过一个星期,现在好了）He has bought a house（现在完成时,到说话时仍旧拥有那所房子）He bought a house five years ago一般过去时只说明他五年前买过一所房子,现在不肯定仍拥 有那所房子 I havent written him for ages.现在仍没有写 I didnt write him for ages 仅指过去 现在完成时可以同现在在内的时间状语连用；而一般过去时就不行；例如：It has been hot this summer.（说话时仍旧是夏天）It was hot this s

17、ummer. （说话时夏天已经过去）现在完成时不行与疑问副词when 连用；而一般过去时就可以；例如：When did he come. already 和 yet 的区分already 用于确定句, yet 用于否定句和疑问句；already 有时也可用于疑问句,表示“惊奇,意外 ”的意思；例如：Hurry up, we are already twenty minutes late. I havent heard from him yet.Has class begun yet. Has class begun already.想不到 Have you sold the car yet.

18、Have you sold the car already.（惊奇）【补充】ago 和 before 的用法ago 是副词,表示从现在算起的如干时间以前,用于“ 名词词组 +ago”结构； ago 所在句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；ago 不行单独使用,也不行用作连词；before 作副词用时,表示从过去某一时刻或某一大事算起的如干时间以前,所在句中的谓语动词用过去去完成时；before 仍可以单独使用,意为“以前 ”,谓语动词用现在完成时,ago 就没有这种用法；before仍可以用作连词,后接单词、词组或句子,ago 就没有这种用法；比较：She saw the film three day

19、s ago.（从现在说起三天前）She told me that she had seen the film three days before.（从过去说起三天前）I have seen her before. She had left before he arrived. 课堂训练：一、用所给动词的正确形式填空；1. I_ already _ see the film. I _ see it last week. 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. _ he _ finish his work today

20、. Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ come back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where s Li Ming . He _ go to the teachers office. 5. I _ work here since I _ move here in 1999. 6. So far I _make quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _stay here . For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ finish my homework.

21、9. He _ go to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ find your science book yet. 11. If it _ be fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ read English when the teacher came in. 13. Look. The monkey _ climb the tree. 14. My mother _ come to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ see

22、it anywhere. 二、单项挑选（） 1. How long have you _ here. A. come B. got C. arrived D. been （） 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. （） 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been （） 4. It is ten years _

23、 I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that （） 5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry. -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet （） 6. -What a nice dress. How long _ you _ it. -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had （） 7.-Do you

24、 know Lydia very well. -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned （） 8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live （） 9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black. - Sorry. He _ the

25、 Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to （） 10. -_ you ever _ to the US. - Yes, twice. D. were, going A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go 三、句型转换I have been to Macau before. 改为否定句 I _ _ been to Macau before. He hasn t come to school because he was ill. 就划线部分提问 _ _ he co

26、me to school. I bough a new bike just now. 用 just 改写 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I _ just _ a new bike. We began to learn English three years ago.改为同义句 We _ _English _three years 5. He has never surfed, _ _. （改成反意疑问句）6. They have been here since 2000. 对划线部分提问 _ _have th

27、ey been here. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. die （动词填空）Miss Gao left an hour ago. 同义句转换 Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. 课后作业 一、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空；1 Where is Jack. He _ his country. 2 David _ the park just now. 3 John _ England since he came back. 4 H

28、ow long _ they _ this village. 5 The Smiths _Beijing for years. 6 _ you ever _ America. - Yes, I _ there many times. 7 I _ this school since three years ago. 8 Where is Jim. He _ the farm. 9 When_ he _. He _ an hour ago. 10 Would you like to _ to the zoo with me. -Yes, but I _ there before. 11 Where

29、 _ you _ now. - I _ to the zoo. 12 He often _ swimming. 13 _ you _ there last year. 14 _ they often _ skating in winter. 二、用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空 1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film.“”“No, I have _ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _.”Yes, it has _ left.”6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页