引用 论文注释和参考文献格式.docx
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1、引用 论文注释和参考文献格式注释和参考文献格式12.1注释 Citations2.1.1夹注 In-text Citations转述、阐释、总结他人主要观点、引用某些引文或所依据的文献无须具体注释者,以夹注的形式随文在括号内注明。夹注与参考文献结合,形成一种便利、快捷说明引用出处的注释形式。夹注的构成形式有以下几种状况:1)来自英语文章、专著的干脆引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现:格式:出版年份:页码例: Rees said, As key aspects of …in the process (1986:241), …2 ) 来自英语文章、专著的干脆引语,作者姓名在文
2、中没有出现:格式:作者姓名,出版年份:页码例: The underlying assumption is that language is bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways(Elli, 1968: 3).3 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现:格式:出版年份:引文页码例:According to Alun Rees (1986:234)夹注干脆放在被引者后面, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner
3、 brings to the learning situation.According to Alun Rees,the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (1986:234). 出版年份:引文页码夹注也可以位于引语的最终4 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中没有提到:格式:作者姓名 出版年份:引文页码例:It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval a
4、rt the attitude of the observer is of primary importance (Robertson, 1987: 136).5)来自汉语文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中已经出现2:格式:作者姓名拼音+夹注(出版年份:引文页码)例:Wang Datong (2023:111, 2023:191) believed that…6)来自汉语的文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中没有出现:格式:作者姓名拼音,出版年份:引文页码例:It has been found that these learners confuse the uses of pa
5、ssives and unaccusatives in their interlanguage (Wilson, 2023:211;Zhang Shan, 2023:19)7)引自互联网文献引用网络资料时如网页上标有页码,基本格式与上述同;如无页码,标段落(par 或pars)。例:Therefore, as Fang Wenli argues, in the English class, we don’t have to completely copy the ideal and natural language acquisition environment (Fang Wen
6、li, 2023: pars 9-11).8)对引语文字的更改干脆引语如出现在正文中间,运用引语的句子不得违反英语语法,不得出现句中句。为了使含干脆引语的句子合乎语法,往往有必要对引语的文字作肯定的更改。假如要删除引语中个别词句,可以用省略号(ellipses…)取代删除的词句。假如要加入或者更改个别单词或者词组,则可以将须要加入或者更改的单词或词组放在方括号(square brackets )以内。例如:删除词句:He stated, The ‘placebo effect,’ . disappeared when behaviors were stud
7、ied in this manner (Smith, 1982:76), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.添加词组:Smith (1982:276) found that the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when his own and others’ behaviors were studied in this manner.? 无论删改还是添加字词均不得变更引语的原意。? 留意:假如删除
8、是在句内,应当空一格以后再加省略号。假如删除是在一句整句以后,则应在该整句最终的标点(句号、问号或惊羡号)不空格干脆加省略号。省略号应当用三个句点。综合例子:Recently, the history of warfare has been significantly revised by critics (Higonnet et al ,1987: 334-35) to include women’s personal and cultural responses to battle and its resultant traumatic effects. Feminist re
9、searchers now concur that It is no longer true to claim that women's responses to the war have been ignored (Raitt & Tate, 1997:2). Though these studies focus solely on women's experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the masculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell (1
10、975) and Bergonzi (1996).However, Tylee further criticizes Fussell, arguing that his study treated memory and culture as if they belonged to a sphere beyond the existence of individuals or the control of institutions (1990:6). Similar critique comes from scholars in mainland China(Wang Datong, 2023:
11、111; Zhang Shan 2023:19; Li Shi,2023:par 6).2.1.2脚注 Footnotes(尾注 Endnotes)脚注(和尾注)主要用于:对有关问题、论点做补充说明;供应有肯定重要性、但写入正文将有损文本条理和逻辑的说明性信息;供应因篇幅过大不宜运用括号夹注注明的文献出处信息;等。用英语撰写的论文,如须要夹注以外的注释说明,本实施细则要求统一采纳当页脚注形式。详细要求:打开word脚注与尾注功能,编号格式选择带圈数字(…);编号方式选择每页重新编号,其余根据word软件默认的格式。2.2 参考文献 References如本小节开头所言,夹注中出现
12、的全部引用文献必需与论文最终的参考文献中的详细条目,如作者、时间等形成一一对应关系,才能形成符合学术规范的注释体系。参考文献里的条目必需实事求是列出,即所列出的每一项必需是在正文中干脆或间接引用过的,不允许排列未在论文夹注中出现过的所谓参考文献!例如:Katan, David. 2023. Translating Cultures: An Introduction for Translators, Interpreters andMediators. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Educational Press.参考文献中出现以上条目时,正文中就应
13、当有类似如下的含有(David)Katan信息的引用(学生和指导老师都可以用word 查找功能验证):The concept of culture is something we intuitively know but rarely care to define; this is because, as David Katan puts it, culture is a notoriously difficult word that defies definition (2023:16).2.3 英文参考文献的排列规范2.3.1 著作类文献:1).专著基本格式:作者的姓,名.年份.书名(要斜
14、体).出版地:出版商.例:Chomsky, N. 1981a. Lectures on government and binding 3. Dordrecht: Foris.Chomsky, N. 1981b. Theory of markedness in generative grammar. Pisa, Italy: Scuola Normale Superiore.留意:例子中的1981a 和1981b指一篇论文中同时引用了同一作者两本以上同年出版的参考书,请勿乱从他人的参考书目中生搬硬套;假如论文只引用该作者的一本书,则不要做a,b,c 之类的标示。一个文献条目如有其次行,则须缩进4
15、个英文字符。留意每个信息间的标点符号,输入时留意中英文输入法的切换。)2). 编著基本格式:作者的姓,名,ed.年份.书名(要斜体).出版地:出版商.例:Hall, David, ed. 1981.The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes. New York: OUP.Hall,David & Julia Mess, eds. 1981. …(两位以上主编,用eds.)Hall,David, et.al., eds. 1981. …(多位主编,用et al.)3).机构作者(格式:各项信息的排列依次基本同上
16、):例:American library association.1983. Intellectual freedom manual. 2nd ed. Chicago: ALA.4). 翻译著作(格式:各项信息的排列依次基本同上):例:Calvino, Ian. 1986. The uses of literature. P. Creagh Trans. San Diego: Harcourt.2.3.2 期刊类文献:1) 期刊文章基本格式(留意标点符号):作者的姓,名.年份.篇名. 刊名(要斜体)刊物的卷号(刊名与卷号之间不用标点,空一格,此为可省项,即原期刊无卷号的就不必标出), 期号:文
17、章的起止页码。例:Boling, D. 1965. The atomization of meaning. Language 3,41:555-73.2) 论文集的文章基本格式(留意标点符号)作者姓,名.年份.篇名.In论文集编者姓名. Ed. (两名编者以上用eds) 论文集名称(要斜体). 出版地:出版商. 文章的起止页码。例:Peters, M & T. B. Stephen. 1986. Interaction routines as cultural influences upon language acquisition. In Schieffelin, B. B. &am
18、p; E. Ochs, eds. Language Socialization Across Cultures. Cambridge: CUP, 80-96.(其次个作者/编者用名前姓后; University Press可以UP简写替代)【假如论文中所引用的文献为转引的文献,即引用的内容不是干脆引自原作者的作品,而是引自其他作者的作品,则须在夹注中以cf.注明,例如:Wilson found that … (cf., Yip 2023:153).;这种状况下出现在论文最终参考文献列表中的应当是Yip的文献,而非Wilson的文献。】2.3.3 英语论文中引用的汉语文献假如在英文
19、撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊,文中夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏(见第2.1.1节);相应的,在文章最终的文献列表中把它们集中排列在英语参考文献之后,而且各参考文献必需按作者姓氏汉语拼音的字母依次排列,但条目中凡正文中未加引用的内容均不必翻译。例:Wang, Chuming 王初明,2023,以写促学:一项英语写作教学改革的试验,外语教学与探讨,3:230-236。Wen, Qiufang 文秋芳,2023,英语学习者的胜利之路。上海:上海外语教化出版社。留意:引用中英文期刊或论文集的文章,在文献列表中必需标明文章出现的页码;引用著作的页码则在文中夹注中标明即可,下同2.4 汉语参考文
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