高考英语一轮复习 Unit1 A land of diversity词汇课件 新人教选修8.ppt

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1、2021/8/11 星期三1 根据以下所给的资料，以根据以下所给的资料，以“Social Customs between Americans and Chinese”为题为题,用英语写一篇短文概括所给的信用英语写一篇短文概括所给的信息。息。世界上不同的地方社会习俗也不同。比如，在美国两个人世界上不同的地方社会习俗也不同。比如，在美国两个人第一次见面就直呼对方名字，即使是年轻人对年长者也是这样，第一次见面就直呼对方名字，即使是年轻人对年长者也是这样，而在中国这样被认为是很不礼貌的。而在中国这样被认为是很不礼貌的。另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么话题。比如，询问别另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么话

2、题。比如，询问别人穿的大衣的价格，中国人觉得这没什么，而美国人则认为这人穿的大衣的价格，中国人觉得这没什么，而美国人则认为这是很不礼貌的。是很不礼貌的。注意：词数注意：词数100左右。左右。2021/8/11 星期三2范文背诵范文背诵Social Customs between Americans and Chinese Social customs differ in different parts of the world.For example,the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met,a

3、nd so does the young to the old.In china,it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so.Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation.Chinese think nothing of being asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question.句型背诵句型背诵 Social customs d

4、iffer in different parts of the world.In china,it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so.Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation.2021/8/11 星期三31._ adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的清晰的；明显的；明确的 _ n.差别；差别；区分；卓著区分；卓著2._ n.手段；方法手段；方法 _ v.意思是意思是;打算打算;意味着意味着 _ n.意思，意义意思，意义 _ adj.有意义的有意义的 _

5、adj.无意义的无意义的3._ n.大多数；大半大多数；大半 _ adj.主要的；重要的主要的；重要的 _ n.少数少数;少数民族少数民族4._ n.百分比百分比;百分率百分率 _ n.百分之几百分之几5._ vi.移入（外国定居）移入（外国定居）_ n.移民；移居入境移民；移居入境6._ adj.人种的；种族的人种的；种族的 _ n.种族；比赛种族；比赛v.和和竞赛；比赛竞赛；比赛7._ n.申请人申请人 _ v.申请；应用申请；应用 _ n.申请；应用程序申请；应用程序2021/8/11 星期三48._ n.社会主义者；社会党人；社会主义者；社会党人；adj.社会主义者的社会主义者的 _

6、n.社会主义社会主义 _ n.社会社会9._ vi.发生；出现发生；出现 _ n.发生发生;出现出现;事件事件10._ vt.指出指出;表明；标示；暗示表明；标示；暗示 _ n.指示；表明；指指示；表明；指示物示物11._ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 _adv.显然地；显然地；显而易见地显而易见地12._ vt.&n.租用租用;雇用雇用13._ vi.&vt.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛答案：答案：1.distinct;distinction2.means;mean;meaning;meaningful;meaningless3.majorit

7、y;major;minority 4.percentage;percent5.immigrate;immigration 6.racial;race7.applicant;apply;application 8.socialist;socialism;society9.occur;occurrence 10.indicate;indication11.apparent;apparently 12.hire 13.mourn2021/8/11 星期三51.live _ 继续存在；继续生存继续存在；继续生存 2.by _ of.用用方法方法;借助借助3._ a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

8、习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.keep _ 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）5.back _ back 背靠背背靠背6._ up with 与与合作或一起工作合作或一起工作7._ out 画线；标出画线；标出界限界限8.take _ 包括；吸收包括；吸收9.a great/good _ 许多；很多许多；很多10.apply _ 申请；请示得到申请；请示得到答案：答案：1.on 2.means 3.make 4.up 5.to6.team 7.mark 8.in 9.many 10.for2021/8/11 星期三61.However,_ _ _ _ Native

9、 Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在然而，可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。2._ _,many _ _ the diseases brought by the Europeans.此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。3.It didnt _ _ _ that.我没有想到我没有想到答案：答案：1.it is likely that 2.In addition;di

10、ed from3.occur to me2021/8/11 星期三71.distinction n.差别；区分；卓著差别；区分；卓著Employers should hire men and women without distinction.雇主雇用工人应不分男女。雇主雇用工人应不分男女。What is the distinction between butterflies and moths?蝴蝶与飞蛾有什么不同之处蝴蝶与飞蛾有什么不同之处?常用结构：常用结构：make a distinction between对对加以区分加以区分without distinction无差别地；一视同仁地

11、无差别地；一视同仁地【联想拓展】【联想拓展】distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in.from.在在方面与方面与不同不同distinct from.与与不同（的）不同（的）2021/8/11 星期三8【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子这与上面所讨论的是不同的。这与上面所讨论的是不同的。This is _ _ what was discussed above.我们必须分清是非。我们必须分清是非。We must _ _ clear _ _ right and wrong.这两种观点截然不同。这两种观点截然不同。Those two id

12、eas are quite _ _ each other.答案：答案：distinct from make a；distinction betweendistinct from2021/8/11 星期三92.means n.手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）It is all a means to an end.这只是达到目的的一种手段。这只是达到目的的一种手段。Only by this means can you do it well.只有通过这种办法你才能做好此事。只有通过这种办法你才能做好此事。常用结构：常用结构：by means of 通过；借助通过；借助

13、by all means 一定，务必；尽一切办法；当然可以一定，务必；尽一切办法；当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分 倒装）倒装）by every means 尽一切可能的办法尽一切可能的办法be any means 无论如何；以任何方式无论如何；以任何方式【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子这绝非是解决问题的良计。这绝非是解决问题的良计。This is _ _ _ a good way to solve the problem.2021/8/11 星期三10他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。H

14、e let himself down slowly _ _ _ a rope.你务必在他去新加坡之前提醒他。你务必在他去新加坡之前提醒他。You should _ _ _ warn him before he leaves for Singapore答案：答案：by no means by means of by all means【易混辨析】【易混辨析】means/way/methodmeans 指指“方法、方式、工具方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。式相同）。way 指指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法或方式一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方

15、法或方式”，与技巧，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。或效果的好坏无关。method 指指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽，也可以指抽象概念的象概念的“条理条理”。【即学即练】【即学即练】选词填空（选词填空（means/way/method）These vegetables can be cooked in different _.2021/8/11 星期三11Only in this _ can you find out the truth.This is a very direct _.By no _ shall I lend him money!答案

16、：答案：ways method means means单项填空单项填空May I have a look at your book?_.A.By this means B.By all means C.By this way D.By any means解析解析:选选B。by all means意为意为“一定，务必；当然可以一定，务必；当然可以”，符合，符合句意。句意。Every possible means _ been tried，and we find only _ this means can we do it well.（20109山东烟台检测）山东烟台检测）A.have;in B.

17、have;byC.has;in D.has;by2021/8/11 星期三12解析：选解析：选D。means单复数形式相同；单复数形式相同；every possible means意为意为“每每一种可能的方法，一种可能的方法，”故可排故可排A、B两项；两项；by this means意为意为“通过这通过这种方法种方法”，为固定结构。故选，为固定结构。故选D项。项。用法点拨：用法点拨：means单复数同形单复数同形(词尾词尾-s)。其若用作主语时，其谓。其若用作主语时，其谓语动词需根据句意来确定。被语动词需根据句意来确定。被every/each/one等词修饰时，谓语动词等词修饰时，谓语动词用单

18、数；用单数；some/several/many/few/all等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。All possible means have been tried.所有可能的办法都已经试过了。所有可能的办法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried.每一种可能的办法都已经试过了。每一种可能的办法都已经试过了。注意：若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数形式时，其谓语动词用注意：若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数形式时，其谓语动词用单复数均可。单复数均可。Is/Are there any other means of doing it?做

19、这事还有其他的什么办法吗做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?表示以某种方式、方法或手段，用介词表示以某种方式、方法或手段，用介词by。Only by this means can you solve the problem.2021/8/11 星期三13只有通过这种办法你才能解决这个问题。只有通过这种办法你才能解决这个问题。by means of意为意为“用用，依靠，依靠”。Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想靠语言来表达。思想靠语言来表达。表示做某事的方法或手段，多接表示做某事的方法或手段，多接“of(动动)名词名词”。But they had no

20、 means of cooking them.但是他们没有办法来把它们煮熟。但是他们没有办法来把它们煮熟。3.majority n.大多数；大半大多数；大半A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.多数人赞成这个建议。多数人赞成这个建议。常用结构：常用结构：in the/a majority 占大部分占大部分/大多数大多数h

21、ave a majority over sb.获得多于某人的获得多于某人的;战胜某人战胜某人with a majority of 以大多数的以大多数的2021/8/11 星期三14【即学即练】【即学即练】用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are _ the majority.They had a large majority _ the other party at the last election.答案：答案：in over用括号内所给单词的适当形

22、式填空用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空The majority of people _(prefer)peace to war.The majority of the damage _(be)easy to repair.答案：答案：prefer/prefers is用法点拨：用法点拨：当当majority单独用作主语，谓语动词用单复数形式均单独用作主语，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。可。当当majority单独作主语，如果后面的表语是复数形式，则谓语动单独作主语，如果后面的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：词用复数形式。如：The majority attended the meeting

23、 yesterday are students.昨天参加会议的大部分都是学生。昨天参加会议的大部分都是学生。the majority of+复数名词复数名词+复数谓语动词；复数谓语动词；the majority of+不可不可数名词数名词+单数谓语动词。单数谓语动词。2021/8/11 星期三154.occur vi.发生；出现发生；出现The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off.这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。Didnt it occur to you that he might be late?你当时

24、没有想到他可能会迟到吗你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?常用结构：常用结构：occur to(主意或想法突然主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到it occurs to sb.to do sth.使人想到干某事使人想到干某事it occurs to sb.that.某人想到某人想到【联想拓展】【联想拓展】sth.occur to sb.sth.strikes es to sb.it occurs to sb.that.it strikes sb.that.2021/8/11 星期三16it hits sb.that.某人突然想起（主语不能是人，用所想到的事情或某人突

25、然想起（主语不能是人，用所想到的事情或it作形式主语）作形式主语）大部分主语从句都可以用大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语，特别是当主句的谓语动词是作形式主语，特别是当主句的谓语动词是 appear,turn out,happen,occur,come,strike,follow,matter等词或短语时，一般用等词或短语时，一般用it作形作形式主语，借助主语从句来表达意思。式主语，借助主语从句来表达意思。【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子The possibility that she might be wrong never even _ _（被想到）（被想到）her.A good

26、 idea _ _（被想到）（被想到）him.答案：答案：occurred to occurred to单项填空单项填空 _ he had forgot to take his notebook.（20109山东临沂检测）山东临沂检测）A.That occurred to him B.To him that occurredC.He occurred that D.It occurred to him that解析：选解析：选D。考查。考查occur的用法和的用法和it作形式主语。作形式主语。(an idea)occur to sb.意为意为“（一个主意）浮现在某人脑中（一个主意）浮现在某人脑

27、中”。句意为：他想起来忘带。句意为：他想起来忘带2021/8/11 星期三17笔记本了。笔记本了。5.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示指出；标示；表明；暗示The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。His hesitation indicates unwillingness.他的犹豫表明不愿意。他的犹豫表明不愿意。常用结构：常用结构：indicate sth.(to sb.)把把

28、指给（某人）看；向（某人）表示某事指给（某人）看；向（某人）表示某事indicate that/wh.表示表示；示意；示意【联想拓展】【联想拓展】indication n.指出；表明指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的指示的；暗示的【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子我问他我姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。我问他我姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。2021/8/11 星期三18I asked him where my sister was and he _ the shop opposite _ me 研究表明男人比女人更容易戒烟。研究表明男人比女人更容易戒烟。Research _

29、 _ men find it easier to give up smoking than women.答案：答案：indicated；to indicates that【速记名片】【速记名片】delicate 光滑的；精致的；光滑的；精致的；dedicate 奉献；奉献；intricate复杂的；复杂的；indicate 提示；表明提示；表明6.live on 继续生存；继续存在继续生存；继续存在That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。The soldiers cam

30、ped in the open and lived on wild plants.那些士兵在野外扎营以野生植物为食。那些士兵在野外扎营以野生植物为食。2021/8/11 星期三19【联想拓展】【联想拓展】live on sth.以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth.靠做某事为生靠做某事为生live through sth.经历某事物而幸存经历某事物而幸存live to be.=live to the age of.活到活到岁岁live a.life 过着过着的生活的生活【即学即练】【即学即练】用用live相关的短语填空相关的短语填空Th

31、e lonely old man _ charity.Mozart is dead but his music _.My grandfather _ both world wars.Her grandma _ 84.答案：答案：live on lives on lived through lived to2021/8/11 星期三207.mark out 画线；标出画线；标出界线界线【联想拓展】【联想拓展】mark sb.out for sth.选出选出/选定某人做某事选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低写下，记下；降低的价格的价格mark up 标出；提高标出；提高的价格的价格

32、【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。They _ _ the tennis court with white paint.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Just a moment.Let me _ _ your name and address.有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。Some shops _ _ the goods unfairly.答案：答案：marked out mark down marked up2021/8/11 星期三218.take in

33、 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗包括；吸收；理解；欺骗【联想拓展】【联想拓展】take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下拿下，取下；拆卸；记下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使取回，带回；收回说过的话；使回忆起昔日回忆起昔日take up 开始从事；占用开始从事；占用(时间或空间时间或空间)；着手处理；着手处理take over 继承继承;接收，接管接收，接管take off 脱下脱下(衣服等衣服等)；起飞；起飞take on 承担，从事；呈现承担，从事；呈现take ones place 入座；代替某人的位置入座；代替某人的位置take ones time 不急，慢慢干不急，慢慢干20

34、21/8/11 星期三22【即学即练】【即学即练】用用take的相关短语填空的相关短语填空Dont be _ by his promises.Who do you think will _ now that the governor has been dismissed?These boxes of yours are _ too much space.I was really _ when seeing old photos.Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now _.The opera is soon to begin.Tom carefully_ wha

35、t the teacher said.答案：答案：taken in take over taking up taken backtake your place took down2021/8/11 星期三239.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.（P1）加利福尼亚是美国的第三大洲，而且是人口最多的州。加利福尼亚是美国的第三大洲，而且是人口最多的州。形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，no

36、t quite等词修饰。等词修饰。【即学即练】【即学即练】完成句子完成句子黄河是中国的第二长河。黄河是中国的第二长河。The Yellow River is _ _ _ river in China.亚洲是世界上最大的洲。亚洲是世界上最大的洲。Asia is _ _ the largest continent in the world.答案：答案：the second longest by far2021/8/11 星期三24.单词拼写单词拼写1.After the arrival of the Europeans,the native people were forced into s_.2

37、.You have difficulty in moving to America,because the rules of i_ is rather strict for the foreigners.3.Only a few of them thought highly of the plan.The m_ were against it.4.Obama was e_ as the forty-four president of the United States.5.The rural r_ has achieved good results,and there has been a n

38、oticeable change in the countryside.6.My uncle h_ two people to help him in harvest last autumn.7.I was in half the way when it suddenly _(想到想到)to me that I had left my notebook home.8._(显然显然)，he was mistaken about by the others.2021/8/11 星期三259.It is believed that before long the mix of_(国籍国籍)will

39、be very large.10.I was one of the _（申请人）（申请人）for the job.答案：答案：1.slavery 2.immigration 3.majority 4.elected5.reform 6.hired 7.occurred 8.Apparently9.nationalities 10.applicants.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空by means of/make a life/occur to/team up with/mark out/take in/a great/good many1.Our trip _

40、a visit to the old temple built in the Ming Dynasty.2.It never _ me to ask him for help.3.I got to know Jack years ago and now we _ each other quite well.4.Thoughts are expressed _ words.2021/8/11 星期三265._ workers joined in the general strike last week.They wanted higher wages.6.The old man used to

41、_ by selling newspapers.7.We _ a tennis court on the lawn.答案：答案：1.takes in 2.occurs to 3.team up with4.by means of 5.A good many 6.make a life 7.marked out.完成句子完成句子1.Those who will attend the meeting have _ _（不（不同的国籍）同的国籍）.(nationality)2.Every applicant must fill in _ _ _(申请表申请表)from now on.（applica

42、nt）3.The two issues _ _ _（区别）（区别）each other.（distinct）4.The clouds _（预示）（预示）the coming of rain.2021/8/11 星期三275._ _ （大量）（大量）of his income is spent on his house every month.6.Bicycles _ _ _ （出租）（出租）in the shop.（hire）7.It is _(显然显然)that he is not interested in this newly designed project.8.Taking a pl

43、ane is the quickest _ _ _（到达方（到达方式）式）there.(mean)9.It _ _(突然想起突然想起)me that I should call on Tom tonight.10.Nowadays,many young people from country are going to big cities to _ _ _(谋生谋生)for themselves.答案：答案：1.different nationalities 2.the application form3.are distinct from 4.indicate 5.The majority6

44、.are hired out 7.apparent/obvious8.means of getting 9.occurred to 10.make a life2021/8/11 星期三28.单项填空单项填空1.Shall I give you a ride as you live so far?_.A.It couldnt be better B.Of course you canC.If you like D.Its up to you解析解析:选选A。“It couldnt be better”意为意为“再好不过了再好不过了”，是，是对别人邀请的回答；对别人邀请的回答；Of course

45、 you can表达生硬，不符合交际表达生硬，不符合交际用语习惯；用语习惯；If you like是对别人请求的回答；是对别人请求的回答；Its up to you意为意为“随便随便”。2.You fool!How can you let such a chance _ through your fingers.A.ski B.spread C.slip D.glide解析解析:选选C。句意为：你真笨！你怎么能让这么个机会从你指间。句意为：你真笨！你怎么能让这么个机会从你指间溜走呢？溜走呢？ski 滑雪；滑雪；spread延伸；延伸；slip滑过；溜走；滑过；溜走；glide滑行。滑行。3.P

46、eople have _ views on the policy published recently,because not everybody is in favour of it in the survey(调查调查).A.Excited B.surprised C.frightened D.mixed解析解析:选选D。mixed views意为意为“各种各样的观点各种各样的观点”，符合句意。，符合句意。2021/8/11 星期三294.Every possible means _ to help the poor people in Africa.A.have tried B.have

47、 been tried C.has tried D.has been tried解析解析:选选D。means是单复数相同的名词，从空前的是单复数相同的名词，从空前的every我们知道，我们知道，means在这里是单数，同时它与在这里是单数，同时它与try间的关系是被动的，因此用被动间的关系是被动的，因此用被动语态。语态。5.He can hardly _ his wifes bad-temper，so he decided to seek divorce with her.A.teamed up with B.caught up withC.put up with D.kept up with

48、解析解析:选选C。team up with与与合作；合作；catch up with赶上；赶上；put up with忍受；忍受；keep up with跟得上。根据句意，选跟得上。根据句意，选C。6.Peter is no longer a lazy boy _ he used to be.A.What B.whom C.when D.how解析解析:选选B。what引导名词性从句，而这里需要的是引导名词性从句，而这里需要的是boy后的定语从后的定语从句，因此用句，因此用whom。7.Human beings are different from animals _ they can use

49、 language as a tool to communicate.2021/8/11 星期三30A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which解析解析:选选A。in that为固定短语，相当于为固定短语，相当于because，意为，意为“因为因为”。其他选项引导的是定语从句。其他选项引导的是定语从句。8.The window in my room _ shut.So I have to get it repaired.A.doesnt B.Shouldnt C.Wont D.Couldnt解析解析:选选C。will在句中是情态动词，意为在句中是情态动

50、词，意为“肯；能肯；能”，表达事物的，表达事物的特征。特征。9.Shirley,can I have a look at your photos?_.Here you are.A.By any means B.By no meansC.By this means D.By all means解析解析:选选D。根据句意可知，说话人同意，因此用。根据句意可知，说话人同意，因此用by all means，意，意为为“行；没问题行；没问题”。10._ is no possibility _ he can finish the task within two days.A.There;that B.It