初中英语书面表达.ppt

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1、 近几年高考书面表达的命题趋势从题材来看：1.贴近学生生活实际,使学生有话可说。2.体现了高考英语作文的命题原则:合理 性、交际性和实用性。3.具有时代气息，尤其注重学生素质教育的培养从体裁上看：以夹叙夹议的应用文/说明文为主提示方式：创设情景,以图画、图表和提纲提示为主,汉语提示为辅。100个/120个单词左右的短文。从命题形式看：全部材料半开放开放式。语言地道，语言地道，规范规范覆盖所有内覆盖所有内容要点容要点2、主要内容：、主要内容：内容要点齐全内容要点齐全；词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性；词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性；上下文的连贯性；上下文的连贯性；语言的得体性。语言的得体性。应用了较多

2、应用了较多的语法结构的语法结构和高级词汇和高级词汇有效地使有效地使用了语句用了语句间的连接间的连接成分成分3、拼写和标点拼写和标点是语言是语言准确性的一个方面，准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考际的影响程度予以考虑。虑。4、词数、词数少于少于80和和多于多于120的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2分。分。5、如、如书写较差书写较差，以至影，以至影响交际，将分数响交际，将分数降低一降低一个档次。个档次。词汇词汇,句型句型（高级）和（高级）和语法多样化（较复杂）语法多样化（较复杂）1.覆盖了所有的覆盖了所有的要点要点2.应用了较多的语法结构应用了较多的语法结构

3、和词汇和词汇3.有效地使用了语句间的有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑连接成分，使全文结构紧凑要要点点全全连连接接词词如何算是一篇好文章？如何算是一篇好文章？对策一对策一、书面表达如何写？书面表达如何写？过过程程三三步步骤骤1、审题审题信息信息分段分段题材、人称、时态、要点题材、人称、时态、要点开头开头、正文、结尾、正文、结尾2、以词及点：用单词以词及点：用单词/短语写出每句话短语写出每句话的的 要点要点联词成句：用联词成句法将上述要点的词语扩展成句联词成句：用联词成句法将上述要点的词语扩展成句联句成文：联句成文：注意：注意：主语和谓语主语和谓语+背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）背景

4、（适当增加时间、地点条件等）逻辑关系逻辑关系开头与结尾开头与结尾语篇衔接语篇衔接3、检查修改，规范抄写检查修改，规范抄写结结构构三三部部分分1.Heading点题；一两个句子；概括性；暗示性2.Body中心记述部分；层次分明3.Ending小结；呼应主题对策二对策二内内容容三三字字经经1.What文章的主题是什么？2.Why论证主题的原因是什么？3.How采取哪些举措？对策三1.使用较高级的词汇使用较高级的词汇3.使用恰当的连接词使用恰当的连接词词汇反映你知识贮存量的词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。的一个重要标志。运用得当的句子结构可以运用得当

5、的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉整篇文章因此而生辉 。使用恰当连接词，对写一使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有篇有“英语味英语味”的文章很的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。自然、紧凑。增强书面表达效果的技巧增强书面表达效果的技巧2.使用较丰富的句式使用较丰富的句式技巧三要素对策四对策四Eg:五一节快到了1.May Day is coming 2.May Day is approaching 3.May Day is on the corner 4.May Day is drawing near 5.May Day is on t

6、he way Eg:学习英语很重要1.learning English is very important2.It is important to learn English3.It is of great significance to learn English4.We are supposed to attach importance to eg:他对科幻小说很感兴趣他对科幻小说很感兴趣1.He likes science fiction 2.He is fond of science fiction 3.He is interested in science fiction 4.He

7、is into science fiction 5.He is absorbed in science fiction 6.He has love for science fiction 7.He has a strong appetite for science fiction 1.Becausetheweatherwasgood,ourjourneywascomfortable.2.Weallthinkheisagreatman.3.SuddenlyIthoughtoutagoodidea.4.Asaresulttheplanwasafailure.The plan turned out

8、to be a failure.Thanks to the good weather,ourjourneywascomfortable.一、怎样使用较高级的词汇一、怎样使用较高级的词汇Weallthink highly of him.A good idea occurred to me./A good idea suddenly struck me.5.Whenhespoke,hefeltmoreandmoreexcited.6.Inourschool,therearetwenty-sixclassrooms.7.Youcanfindmyhouseeasily.The more he spok

9、e,the more excited he felt.Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms.Youll have no trouble finding my house.丰富的句式：丰富的句式：(常用到的句型结构）常用到的句型结构）利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。1.感叹句e.g.HowhappyIwaswhenIreceivedyourletter!Whatakindboyheis!Howdisappointedhewas!2.强调句e.g.Itwasthisyoungboythathelpedtheoldgranny.

10、Idohopeyoucancomeifpossible.3、倒装句e.g.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.There comesthepolicecar.Hardlyhadtheygottothestationwhen theymettheyoungman.4、省略句e.g.Theyreadwhilewalkingorridingonabus.Cometomeifnecessary.5、with短语e.g.Isawayoungladywalkingslowlyinthestreetwithahandbaginherhand.6、定语从句e.g.Inmyo

11、pinion,cybercafesshouldbeaplacewherewecanfindmuchusefulinformation.Letscometothemainteachingbuilding,atthebackofwhichstandstheschoollibrary.7、各种名词性从句e.g.ThatswhatIshoulddo.Weshoulddoafavourtowhoeverneedshelpatpresent.8、各种状语从句e.g.Timepassedquicklybeforeweknewit.Themomentwereachedthefarm,wegotdowntoha

12、rvesting.Solongasweworkharderatourlessons,wellcatchupsoonerorlater.Theyhadtowaitbecausetherainwasgettingmoreandmoreheavily.1Whenhearrives,pleasegivemeane-mail.（使用使用V-ing形式）形式）.2.Tohissurprise,thelittlegirlknowssomanythings.（使用名词性从句）3.ThoughImweak,Illmaketheeffort.(使用倒装句)4.Hedidnotknowwhathadhappened

13、untilhehadreadthenewsinthenewspaper.(使用强调句型)5.Ipassedthephysicsexambecauseofyourhelp.(用虚拟语气）On hisarriving,please give me an e-mail.What surprises him is thatthe little girl knows so many things.Practice怎样使用较丰富的句式怎样使用较丰富的句式Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.It was not until he had read the news in the

14、 newspaper that he knew what had happened.I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.6.Shewalkedoutofthelabandmanystudentsfollowedher.(使用过去分词)7.Theysangandlaughedastheywentbacktoschool.(使用V-ing形式)8.Iwontbelievewhathesays.（使用状语从句）9.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillmakerapidprogress.（用并列句）用并列句）10He

15、hadnosoonercomebackfromBeijingthanhewassentabroad.(使用倒装句)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab.Singing and laughing,they went back to school.No matter what he says,I wont believe.Study hard and youll make rapid progress.高考

16、大纲中常用的高考大纲中常用的连接词连接词1.表示递进表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容在同一话题上补充内容另外，还有：whatsmore;besides;also;moreover;inaddition2.表示转折关系表示转折关系但是，然而，相反：but;however;yet;instead;ontheotherhand;onthecontrary.3.表示因果关系表示因果关系因为，因此，所以:since;as;because(of);so;thus;therefore;asaresult;4.表示条件关系表示条件关系如果，只要:if;oncondition(that);aslongas除非:u

17、nless否则:orelse;otherwise5.表示时间关系表示时间关系当的时候:when;while在之后:after在之前:before直到:until一就:assoonas后来，然后:later;afterwards不久:soon近来:lately;recently自从:since从那时起:fromthenon6.表示特定的顺序关系表示特定的顺序关系首先，最主要的:aboveall其次:secondly然后:then;next最后:finally;eventually,intheend7.换一种方法表述换一种方法表述换句话说:inotherwords;thatistosay;name

18、ly8.进行举例说明进行举例说明例如，比如:forinstance;forexample;like;suchas9.用于陈述事实用于陈述事实实际上:infact;actually;asamatteroffact跟你说实话:totellyouthetruth10.对一个话题进行总结对一个话题进行总结总而言之，总的来说:onthewhole;inshort;allinall;ingeneral;inaword,tosumup11.其它常用到的副词其它常用到的副词Therefore;otherwise;finally;furthermore;Thus;namely;although;afterwar

19、ds;personally;增强阅卷人印象效果增强阅卷人印象效果印印象象三三种种美美1.外观美外观美卷面整洁，字体规范，段落清晰2.语感美语感美紧扣主题；层次分明，词句高级3.素质美素质美思想境界高；赋予哲理，韵味无穷对策五1.基本句子翻译 主语+谓语+宾语+。2.同义词替换；句型转换3.限时训练（30分钟）4.学生之间互相批改，特别是标出高级的词汇和句子5.背诵佳句/谚语，优秀范文对策六对策六1.A life without a friend is a life without the sun.人生没有朋友犹如生活中没有太阳2.A friend in need is a friend ind

20、eed.患难朋友才是真朋友 (BOOK 1 Unit 1 Good fiends)3.We never know the worth of water till the well is dye.(Book 1 unforgettable experience)井枯方知水可贵4.Love makes one fit for work.爱能使人适合任何工作5.Only through hard work can we achieve our goals.(The silver screen)6.Nothing is impossible to a willing man.世上无难事，只怕有心人世上

21、无难事，只怕有心人 7.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成 8.When in Rome,do as the Romans do 入乡随俗入乡随俗 9.Knowledgeispower知识就是力量知识就是力量10.Genius is one percent inspiration and ninetynine percent perspiration.天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十的汗水 假定你是李中华，假定你是李中华，Cherry是你的美国笔友。是你的美国笔友。她发现在中国有不少家长在学校周围租房子，她发现在中国有不少家长在学校周围租房

22、子，专陪同自己的孩子读书，她对此专陪同自己的孩子读书，她对此现象现象很感兴很感兴趣，来信向你了解此事。请你给她写封回信，趣，来信向你了解此事。请你给她写封回信，简要分析当前中国的家长陪读现象产生的简要分析当前中国的家长陪读现象产生的原原因因；并谈谈你对此现象的；并谈谈你对此现象的看法看法。要求：要求：1、语音连贯，流畅，要点齐全；、语音连贯，流畅，要点齐全；2、词数、词数120词词左右；左右；3、首句和结尾已给出，不计入词数。、首句和结尾已给出，不计入词数。参考词汇：陪同：参考词汇：陪同：keep sb company一、审题一、审题1.话题：分析当前中国家长陪读现象2.体裁：书信+应用文3.

23、人称：第一人称4.时态：一般现在时二、内容 关键词:现象;原因；看法三 形式：开放式Practice 1 评析评析二调 学生习作Dear cherry:Glad to hear from you and thank you for your concern for Chinese students.As we know,its a traditional idea that parents love their children more than themselves.In their eyes,a child is to a parent what water is to fish.So

24、nowadays,there is a tendency that many parents rent houses to keep their children company around their schools.There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon.First of all,parents think their children are not independent enough to attend to themselves,the less burden in daily life,the more pro

25、gress the children will make.The most important reason is that they hope their children will stand out from their fellows and be admitted to key universities.But as far as Im concerned,students are supposed to live on their own without their parents company.because little birds will fly away from th

26、eir mothers sooner or later.besides,it is of importance to develop their ability of independence and learn to face difficulties.Only in this way can the children stand on their own feet in the fierce competition of society.yours sincerely,Li Zhonghua Practice2批阅批阅学生习作学生习作联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡联合国教科文组织某考

27、察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：1)大小：近大小：近100户人家，约户人家，约500口人。口人。2)变化：过去很穷，变化：过去很穷，2005年后变化很大，人年后变化很大，人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建，教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建，新建的教学楼有新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读注意：注

28、意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯）要点齐全，前后连贯2）词数：）词数：100-120之间之间联合国教科文组织某考察团正在联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：式简要介绍这个村的情况：1)大小：近大小：近100户人家，约户人家，约500口口人。人。2)变化：过去很穷，变化：过去很穷，2005年后变年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。已旧貌换新颜。3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的

29、教学楼有经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。在此免费就读。注意：注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。）要点齐全，前后连贯。2）词数：）词数：100-120之间。之间。Practice书面表达：书面表达：Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool.Thisvillageisverysmall.Ithasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.Ithaschangedalotsince2005.Peoplehereareric

30、herthanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook.Theschoolherewasverysmall.Nowithasbeenrebuilt.Thenewlybuiltteachingbuildinghas4storeys.Itisthemostbeautifulbuildinginthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Theyenjoyfreeeducationinit.Thankyou.Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool!Ladiesandgentlemen,Welc

31、ometoourschool!Thisvillageisverysmall.Ithasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itwasverypoor.Ithaschangedalotsince2005.Peopleherearericherthanbefore.Nowitisnewandbeautiful.Thisvillage,wherelive100families,isa small one with a population of500,whichusedtobepoor However,greatchangeshavetakenplacesince2

32、005.With the development of society,Peopleherelive a much better lifethanbefore.学生原文：学生原文：Nowthevillagetakesonanewlook.Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmall.Nowithasbeenrebuilt.Thenewlybuiltteachingbuildinghas4storeys.Itisthemostbeautifulbuildinginthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Theyen

33、joyfreeeducationinit.Thankyou.Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmalland most children couldnt afford to go to school.Butnowithasbeenrebuiltthemost beautiful oneinthevillage.Much to our delight,alltheschool-agechildrenherecanenjoyeducationforfree.andthenewlybuiltteachingbuildingwith4 storeysis May you h

34、ave a pleasant time here!Thankyou.Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool!Thisvillage,whereliveabout100familiesisa small one withapopulationof500,whichusedtobeverypoor.However,greatchangeshavetakenplacesince2005and with the development of society.Peopleherelive a much better lifethanbefore.Nowitistaki

35、ngonanewlook.Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmalland most children couldnt afford to go to school.Butnowithasbeenrebuiltandthenewlybuiltteachingbuildingwith 4 storeys is the most beautiful oneinthevillage.Much to our delight,alltheschool-agechildrenherecanenjoyeducationforfree.May you have a pleasant

36、 time here!Thankyou.书面表达图表类范例书面表达图表类范例假如你叫李华，受某报社的委托，对你校高中一、二、三年级的近视情况作个调查，每个年级抽一个班。请根据下图的抽样调查信息写一篇短文，介绍相关数据，并分析原因及措施。Practice3 Recently,a simple survey was carried out in one class of each grade in our school about how serious the problem of short sight is in senior high students.The results are mo

37、re than worrying As can be seen from the graph,about 25%of the students in Senior 1 are suffering from short sighted,while the number has climbed to 50%for Senior 2 students,with Senior 3 students at about 70%.Several reasons may account for the worsening situation.The main reason is that students,e

38、specially those in Senior 3,are faced with too much pressure from their schoolwork,simply having no time for exercise.Becides,the students have themselves be to blame,for many of them dont attach great importance to how to protect their eyes.As to how to get this situation improved before it gets wo

39、rse,there are many measures that can be taken.Most important of all,we must be fully aware of the importance of protecting our eyes and therefore have the correct way to use our eyes.Secondly,we must spare some time every day to engage ourselves in exercise.In a word,eye is to man what water to fish

40、.Only if proper measures are taken,will the situation definitely get improved and keep our eyes healthy.全文一般分为三段全文一般分为三段第一段：简要分析说明图表和图画内容。第一段：简要分析说明图表和图画内容。（注意：（注意：1.简要简要 2.围绕主题）围绕主题）第二段：阐述观点并分析此现象产生的原因，必第二段：阐述观点并分析此现象产生的原因，必 要时写出建议或措施。要时写出建议或措施。（注意：（注意：1.一般一般2-3个原因，原因之间巧用链词个原因，原因之间巧用链词 2.理由理由/措施要具有

41、说服力措施要具有说服力）第三段：归纳总结。（第三段：归纳总结。（12句话）句话）注意：注意：1.结束语要呼应前文的观点结束语要呼应前文的观点 2.句子简洁明了，赋予哲理句子简洁明了，赋予哲理 3.不要写错句子，给阅卷人留下好的印象不要写错句子，给阅卷人留下好的印象 第一段：AS can be seen in the picture/The picture shows us that/From the picture we can see/nowadays/as we know/第二段:原因：maybe the reasons can be listed as follows,the main

42、reason is that(原因一)，besides,（原因二）the last but the most important,(原因三)措施：some effective measures should be taken to.，first of all(措施一)，in additon(措施二)第三段：in a word,only by doing can we 或者使用谚语结尾 1.把握高考命题趋势2.采取合适的应对策略分析作文时 过程 （审题，行文，检查）难分层次时 结构 （heading body ending）无话可说时 牢记 （what why how）欲得高分时 巧用 （词汇，

43、结构，衔接）增强效果时 尽展 （外观，语感，素质）Letter writingA LetterNov 5,2001Wuzheng Middle SchoolZhejiang P.R.C.JackTongxiang High SchoolDearMary,BodyYours,Jack亲人、家属：Yours lovingly ;Yours affectionately朋友、平辈：Sincerely yours Yours sincerely 上级、长者：Yours respectfully Respectfully yours 单位、部门：Yours sincerely Yours faithfu

44、lly 结束语Closing June 5th,2000Dear Mr.Zhao,I am sorry that I am unable to attend school during the following week because of the Sports Meet.The school expects me to play an important part in it.And I will be back to class in a week.I hope you will excuse my absence.Yours respectfully CharlesCharlesEn

45、cl:the PE Teachers certificate(Encl:the PE Teachers certificate(证明）证明）便 条（病/事假条）（NOTICE/ANNOUNCEMENT)口头通知：Ladies and Gentlemen,May I have you attention please?正 文书面通知：NOTICE In celebration of May Day,there will be 正 文 School OfficeApril 25th,2000 通知、通告Wednesday May 5th Cloudy It is nearly a month si

46、nce I began keeping diaries.I find it a very good exercise in English composition.I got back my essay on A Visit to the Park.It was marked with A.There were only three mistakes in it:one in grammar and two in idiom.Im happy to see that I can now express myself in English more usually than ever befor

47、e.,日记 Diary书面表达常用语句书面表达常用语句1.1.书信书信2.2.Thanksforyourlastletter.3.Iamwritingjusttoinformyou4.Inreplytoyourlastletter,Iamwriting5.toexplainthetwoquestionsasfollows:6.开头Lookingforwardtoyourreply/hearingfromyou!Thanksforyourconsideration.Doremembermetoyourparents!结尾2.2.叙事叙事Itisquiteobvious/clearthat(很显然

48、)Thereisnodoubtthat(毫无疑问)Takeasanexample.(以为例）Ononehand,ontheotherhand(一方面，另一方面)Onlyinthiswayshallwe(只有这样我们才能)Asfarasisconcerned,Iprefer(就而言，我更)Measures/Actionshouldbetakento(必须采取措施去)Forthereasonsgivenabove,Ifeelthat(鉴于以上原因，我觉得Undoubtedlythereisalongwaytogobefore(毫无疑问要还有很长的路要走）Therefore,Istronglyrec

49、ommendthat(因此，我强烈建议Allthefactsshowthat（所有的事实显示)Ilikenotonlybecausebutalsobecause(我喜欢不仅因为而且因为)Iamwritingtoyoutoinquireabout(我写信给你想询问)Iapologizetoyoufor(我为向你道歉）Iamgratefultoyoufor(我为向你表示感谢）(议论文)常用过渡词和过渡句总汇 议论文最讲究结构的工整规范,最讲究逻辑结构的合理性.首段一定要提出论点,引起大家的关注;中段就要分层次列举论据,可以是原因,例证或数据等.结尾再进行综合概括.过渡词和过渡句就象文章中的黏合剂,

50、发挥着连接上下文的作用.合理使用这些过渡表达就会使文章连贯、流畅,防止语言的支离破碎.1、起启动观点、引出话题的表达。常用于“起”的词语和句型有:单词:first,firstly,now,recently,lately(近来),nowadays,currently(目前、当前、时下)短语:at first,firs of all,in the first place,first and foremost(首要的是，首先),in the beginning,to begin with,to start with,at present,for one thing,on the one hand,g