宾语从句-上课版教学提纲.ppt
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1、宾语从句-上课版A A类:类:由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 C类类:由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句B类类:由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(一)引导词e.g.1.I hear(that)_.2.He said(that)_.3.The teacher told us(that)_ _.he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the
2、earth movesA类类:由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(当宾语从句是陈述句当宾语从句是陈述句)注注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略充当成分,在口语当中往往省略around the sunB类:由从属连词类:由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句I want to know _ _.2.Ask him _.3.I wonder _.4.Could you tell me_?if(whether)he will go to the park with us whether(if
3、)he can come whether it is going to rain or notif/whether“是否是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后。等后。whether(if)Mr Li lives here注意:只能用注意:只能用whether不能用不能用if的的情况情况1.在介词后面:在介词后面:我正在考虑我是否去钓鱼。我正在考虑我是否去钓鱼。我们担心是否明天会下雨。我们担心是否明天会下雨。Im thinking of whether we should go
4、fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在动词不定式前:在动词不定式前:They asked me whether to go skating.He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man 3.当与当与or或或or not连用,或连用,或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时:我不知道他是否有时间。我不知道他是否有时间。Mary 问了是否我在做作业。问了是否我在做作业。告诉我你是想去购物还是整理你的房间。告诉我你是想去购物还是整理你的房间。*I dont know whethe
5、r hes free or not.=I dont know whether or not hes free.*Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.*Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时:宾语从句提前时:Whether this is true or not,I cant say.1.He asked _.2.Do you know_?3.He asked_.4.Do you know _?5.Please tell me _.6.C
6、an you tell me _?7.Could you tell me _?who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is lateC类:由连接代词类:由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和和连接副词连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从引导的宾从
7、代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。(二)语序:陈述句语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序 即:主句即:主句+连接词连接词+从句(从句(主主+谓谓+其他成分其他成分)Do you remember _(他多大岁数他多大岁数)?注意:注意:当从句的原句为以下句子以及当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语作主语时,语序不变:时,语序不变:Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?What happened
8、?我不知道怎么了。我不知道怎么了。你能告诉我谁在那。你能告诉我谁在那。eg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:1)连接词谓语连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有:有:who,what,which等。如:等。如:eg:你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?*Could you t
9、ell me who knows the answer,please?*The small children dont know what is in their stockings2)连接词名词谓语连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:等。如:eg:他问我们班上谁的书法最好。他问我们班上谁的书法最好。老师问我们房间里有多少人。老师问我们房间里有多少人。*He asked whose handwriting was the best in our cla
10、ss*The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room3)连接词主语谓语。连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。或表语。常见的连接词有:常见的连接词有:who(m),),what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if whether(在句中不充当任何成分)(在句中不充当任何成分)等。等。eg:他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?*He hasnt decide
11、d if hell go on a trip to Wuxi*Could you tell me what I should do with the money?4)连接词名词主语谓语。连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:等。如:eg:你知道他在哪个班吗?你知道他在哪个班吗?她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。*Do you know which class he is in?*She asked me if I kne
12、w whose pen it was(三)时态:1、主句用一般现在时,现在进行时或一般将来时主句用一般现在时,现在进行时或一般将来时等等“现在现在”范畴的时态时,从句的时态根据需要范畴的时态时,从句的时态根据需要来用,不受主句影响来用,不受主句影响。=主现从随意主现从随意Eg:我想知道他今天早上几点起床的。我想知道他今天早上几点起床的。他将会告诉我们他能够照顾自己。他将会告诉我们他能够照顾自己。他们正在说他们真的爱这个城市他们正在说他们真的爱这个城市。I want to know what time he got up this morning.He will tell us that he
13、has been able to look after himself.They are saying that they really like this city.2、主句用过去时,从句用与过去相关的时态。、主句用过去时,从句用与过去相关的时态。=主过从必过主过从必过eg:Kate 说过在桌子下有一个盒子。说过在桌子下有一个盒子。他们问我那个时候他在做什么他们问我那个时候他在做什么.她问我是否以前见过她。她问我是否以前见过她。Kate said there was a box under the desk.They asked what he was doing then.She aske
14、d whether I had seen her before.3.从句说明的是从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,时,习惯性动作习惯性动作,仍用现在时。,仍用现在时。eg:爸爸告诉我们做比说好。爸爸告诉我们做比说好。他告诉那个男孩他告诉那个男孩3+3=6.他告诉我地球围绕太阳转。他告诉我地球围绕太阳转。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves arou
15、nd the sun.4.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍用一般过去时。作前,仍用一般过去时。The teacher told me she was born in 1960.4注意:注意:if和和when既可以引导既可以引导宾语从句宾语从句,也可以引导,也可以引导状语从句状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和和when引导引导宾语从句宾语从句时,分别意为时,分别意为“是否是否”和和“何何时时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导它们引导
16、状语从句状语从句时,意思分别为时,意思分别为“如果,假如如果,假如”和和“当当时候时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时一般现在时。Eg:Do you know when he _back tomorrow?Sorry,I dont knowWhen he _ back,Ill tell youEg:I dont know if he _ He _if it doesnt rainwill comecomeswill comewill come简化宾语从句常用六法简化宾语从句常用六法 Eg:Li Ming hopes he will be ba
17、ck very soon.Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.We decided to help him.方法一:当方法一:当主句谓语动词是主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等,等,且且从句的主语与主句主语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可一致时,宾语从句可简化为简化为不定式结构不定式结构。Eg:She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to
18、 open the window.方法二:当方法二:当主句谓语动词是主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等动词,等动词,且且主句主语主句主语与从句主语一致时与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构结构。Eg:Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Could you tell me how to get to the station?方法三:方法三:当当主句谓语动词是主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词,等动词,且且后带双宾语,后带双
19、宾语,从句从句主语和间接宾语一致主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构结构。Eg:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四:当方法四:当主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是order(命令),(命令),require(需要)等时,(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的如果主句和从句的主语不一致主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代名词(代词)词)+不定式不定式”结构。结构。Eg:H
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