宾语从句和表语从句讲课稿.ppt

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1、宾语从句和表语从句主语，是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，forexample:Ieatdumplingsforthebreakfast.宾语，又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。谓语，是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”dowhat,“是什么”whatisthis或是“怎么样”how.谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后表语，用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，它常于系动词（be,becomeappear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。Shelooksbeautiful.同位语，一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，

2、这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。Iheardthenewsthatyouwerehere.在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。What is noun clause？名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)Practice time：指出下列各名词性

3、从句的种类指出下列各名词性从句的种类1.At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2.She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4.When we will start is not clear.5.I had no idea that you we

4、re her friend.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseSubject clauseAppositive clauseObject Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句I know who he is.引导词引导词从属连词：that，whether，if连接代词：who,what,which,whom,whose,whoever,whomever,whosever,wh

5、atever,which连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however一、引导词一、引导词一、引导词一、引导词 1.that 1.that用法用法用法用法 （1 1）当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是陈陈陈陈述述述述句句句句时时时时（包包包包括括括括肯肯肯肯定定定定句句句句和和和和否否否否定定定定句句句句），连连连连词词词词由由由由thatthat引引引引导导导导，因因因因为为为为thatthat在在在在从从从从句句句句中中中中不不不不作作作作任任任任何何何何成成成成分分分分，也也也也没没没没有有有有任任任任何何何何具具具具体体

6、体体意意意意思思思思，因因因因此此此此在在在在口口口口语语语语或或或或非非非非正正正正式文体中常省略式文体中常省略式文体中常省略式文体中常省略vShe says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.vJim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略不能省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个语时，第二个that不

7、能省；不能省；（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.（2）在insist，demand，order，suggest，propose,advise,desire等表要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用(shoul

8、d+)动词原形Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.2 2.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是一一般般疑疑问问句句时时，由由连连词词whetherwhether或或if if引引导导（口口语语中中常常用用if if），因因为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻译译成成：“是是否否”，具具有有一一定定的的意意义义，所所以以不不能能省略省略vLily wanted to knowLily wanted to know if/whetherif/whether her grandmaher grandma liked the handba

9、g.liked the handbag.vLets seeLets see if/whetherif/whether we can find out somewe can find out some information about that city.information about that city.vShe asked meShe asked me if/whetherif/whether she could borrowshe could borrow these books.these books.whether与与if的辨用的辨用表表“是否是否”时，在下列情况下用时，在下列情

10、况下用whetherwhether。a.a.a.a.主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句b.b.b.b.表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句c.c.c.c.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句d.d.d.d.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句e.e.e.e.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式后接动词不定式后接动词不定式(whether to do sth.)whether to do sth.)whether to do sth.)whether to do sth.)f.whether or not f.whether or not f.whether or not f.

11、whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ififififPractice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3.当当当当

12、宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是特特特特殊殊殊殊疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连接接接接代代代代词词词词（what,what,who,who,whom,whom,which,which,whosewhose）或或或或连连连连接接接接副副副副词词词词（when,when,where,where,how,how,whywhy）引引引引导导导导，因因因因为为为为连连连连接接接接代代代代词词词词或或或或连连连连接接接接副副副副词词词词在在在在从从从从句句句句中中中中担担担担任任任任一一一一定定定定的的的的句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分，具具具具有有有有一定的意义，所以不可以

13、省略一定的意义，所以不可以省略一定的意义，所以不可以省略一定的意义，所以不可以省略vDo you know Do you know whatwhat he said just now?he said just now?v I dont remember I dont remember whenwhen we arrived.we arrived.v I asked him I asked him where where I could get so much money.I could get so much money.v Please tell me Please tell me who(

14、whom)who(whom)we have to see.we have to see.v Do you know Do you know what what time the plane leaves?time the plane leaves?带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vCould you tell us Could you tell us how oftenhow often you go abroad for you go abroad for a holiday?a holiday?vCould you tell us Could you tell

15、 us how longhow long the meeting will last?the meeting will last?vI dont know I dont know how farhow far it is to the cinema.it is to the cinema.vPlease tell us Please tell us how manyhow many students there are in students there are in your school?your school?vCan you tell us Can you tell us how ol

16、dhow old his brother is?his brother is?vPlease tell us Please tell us how soonhow soon you will be ready.you will be ready.vCould you tell us Could you tell us how muchhow much it costs to fly to it costs to fly to Hainan?Hainan?二、时态二、时态1.1.如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根

17、现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vI know he lives here .I know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago.I know he lived here ten years ago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2.2.如如果果主

18、主句句是是过过去去的的时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时），那那么么从从句句的的时时态态一一定定要要用用相相对对应应的的过过去去的的某某种种时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）vI knew who lived here.I knew who lived here.vI saw she was talking with her mother.I saw she was talking with her mother.vHe asked whether his father would come

19、 backHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.tomorrow.vHe said that he had seen it.He said that he had seen it.3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。vThe teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。注意事项vCould you please tell me where we show o

20、urCould you please tell me where we show our tickets?tickets?vCould you tell us which gate we have to go to?Could you tell us which gate we have to go to?vWould you like to know when he will come back?Would you like to know when he will come back?1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headm

21、aster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _ (play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _ (return)it already.will be goes were playing have returned1.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)6.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)7.Could you te

22、ll me who _ away the book already?(take)8.Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times.(be)wrote has taken had been had been 三、语序三、语序 1.1.宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotowillhegotothelibrary.thelibrary.IdontknowwhatIdontknoww

23、hathewantstohewantstobuy.buy.Practicep34Practicep342.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatvShe says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.vHe said(that)he was going to take care of the child.vHe asks if I like playing the piano.vYou may ask the man over there how you can get to the bu

24、s station.3.否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)4.it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。We heard it that she would get married

25、next month.宾语从句与定语从句Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttoseeYesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有。可以接表语从句的系动词有be V,look,be V,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,remain,seemsmell,taste,sound,feel,remai

26、n,seem become,get,grow,turn,provebecome,get,grow,turn,prove等。等。另外另外,常用的还有常用的还有the reason why is that the reason why is that 和和It is It is becausebecause 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：连接词：连接词：that/whether/as if/as though （if 不引导表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：连接副词：when/where/why/how/because The questio

27、n is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It is/was because.4.It is/was why.5.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that

28、.6.4 The reason is because/whythat .名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.注意：注意：表语从句的引导词与主语从句

29、和宾语从句相同表语从句中的表语从句中的 that 不能省略不能省略表语从句中只能用表语从句中只能用 whether 不能用不能用 if表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when 此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢