孔子与儒家(英文介绍)学习资料.ppt

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1、孔子与儒家(英文介绍)A Time of TurmoilZhou Dynasty(1122-253 BC)Golden Age-The reign of Yu Wang(780 BC)Feudal lords in power,Emperor is empty title“China was no longer one country but a dozen,each potentially the enemy of any other”2Is Confucianism a philosophy,a code of ethics,or a religion?3Confucianism as a

2、 system of ethicsMoral conduct is the basis of social harmonyEmphasis on self discipline and educationObligation to familyFamily as microcosm of the universeStrict Father vs.Nurturing Parent model4Confucianism as a philosophy“Confucianisms root metaphor was and is a concern for the world”Humanity,re

3、ciprocity,empathyCollective IndividualHumans are good,but we strayEducation and self-discipline56Confucianism as a religionReligion=community of people who share beliefs,cultural practices,worship a deity/deities“something done with great attention to detail”Confucian philosophy of self discipline7C

4、onfucianism as a religionConfucius was not a god or a prophetHe did not create these ideas,but merely restored them“As to being a Divine Sage or even a Good Man,far be it from me to make any such claim.”“I am not one of those who have innate knowledge.I am simply one who loves the past and who is di

5、ligent in investigating it”8Confucianism as a religionRituals for all occasions of lifeVeneration of ancestorsMeditationNo initiation or membershipHeaven is a manifestation of GodThe words are interchangeable Heaven means goodness.To be good is to live in harmony with heavenMencius“Heaven does not s

6、peak”9Ren 仁A principle of mutuality,human-heartedness,and empathy.The ability to empathize with anothers discomfort that would prevent the moral person to refrain from acting in ways that would cause discomfort.Similar to Christianitys Golden RuleBasicallyA person does all actions for the sake of Je

7、n because the respect for humanity implies the right human way to act.10Yi 义（義）Righteousness,moral description to do good.Acting in a way or doing what needs to be done simply because it ought to be done,not for personal gain or profit.BasicallyA person does all action for the sake of Yi because the

8、y are the right thing to do.11Li 礼（禮）Is the principle of gain or benefit,order or propriety.Two main aspects of Li:Guide to human relationships and rules of proper action.Guide to social order or general ordering of life.12Li 礼The Five Relationships all represent the way things should be done in a s

9、ocial lifeFather and Son(loving and reverential)Older Brother and Younger Brother(gentle and respectful)Husband and Wife(good and listening)Older Friend and Younger Friend(considerate and differential)Ruler and Subject(benevolent and loyal)13Ming 命“Mandate of Heaven”,fate or destiny.According to Con

10、fucius,Ming is simply the way things are in the course of things.He declared that his principles prevailed were ming,and if they did not they were also ming.Confucius believed that the best thing we can do is to do what we ought to do under the circumstances.14Doctrine of the Mean 中庸“Middle Way”Avoi

11、ding all extremes in either thought or action,but applying a principle standard of measurement to his or her own motives and actions.15Filial Piety 孝Reverence and extreme respect for parents.A huge part of Chinese culture that has been adopted into three main religions:Confucianism,Buddhism,and Daoi

12、sm.Varies from taking care of the parents to burying them properly after death.“When your father is alive observe his intentions.When he is deceased,model yourself on the memory of his behavior.If in 3 years after his death,you have not deviated from your fathers ways,then you may be considered a fi

13、lial child”-Confucius 16The Five Classics 五经Classic of HistoryClassic of Poetry or Book of OdesClassic of RitesBook of Changes or I ChingSpring and Autumn Annals17The Four Books 四书Analects of ConfuciusDoctrine of the MeanGreat LearningMencius18Eros vs Agape 爱（愛）ErosSexual,romantic loveAgapeDeepest l

14、ove,based on doing good things for another personUnconditional19Is Confucianism Eros,Agape,or neither?仁者爱人。道德仁义，非礼不成；20The Three Universal VirtuesLove 仁仁 Wisdom 知知 Courage 勇勇To be used through education,self-discipline,and the acceptance of shame21-Love For All-Family And SocietyRespect Starts in th

15、e FamilyOne can then branch off to SocietyConduct oneself with thought toward family and others.22 EducationConfucianism emphasizes educationShould only be done for the advancement of ones knowledgeNot for fame,wealth,admiration.“Ignorance is the night of the mind,but a night without moon and star.”

16、-ConfuciusGolden RuleLike most religionsHumans need to respect and treat others as they themselves would wish to be treated24Individual Self-InterestFrowned uponCollective Well-BeingRemember Ren and Yi?25The Virtuous Person“Doing for Nothing”Work as a SocietyThe virtuous person acts in ways only bec

17、ause it should be done as opposed to acting in ways for profit or other personal benefits.Christianity and ConfucianismChristianity and Confucianism“The Golden Rule”28Christianity and ConfucianismOther similarities.Bible and the Five Classics and the Four Books10 commandment:nine commandmentHeaven29Christianity and ConfucianismDifferencesDeity:Jesus and ConfuciusBeliefsQuestionInyourownopinion,wouldyouclassifyConfucianismasaphilosophy,acodeofethics,areligion,ornone/alloftheabove?31此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢