专题二　主旨要义（讲解部分）-精品文档资料整理.pptx

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1、方法技巧栏目索引专题二主旨要义高考英语高考英语方法技巧栏目索引方法技巧方法技巧一、主旨要义类题目常见的设问方式一、主旨要义类题目常见的设问方式1.Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat.2.Thepassageismainlyabout.3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis.4.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthispassageis.5.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.6.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwi

2、th.7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepas-sage?8.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?方法技巧栏目索引二、掌握识别主题句的常用方法二、掌握识别主题句的常用方法段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(TopicSentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:一是介绍段落的主题(Topic);二是阐述控制概念(ControllingIdea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故

3、事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,而是把主题句隐含在段意之中。1.主题句位于段首主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%90%的主题句是段落的第一句。这样的段落模式可用倒三角()来表示。方法技巧栏目索引(1)寻找主题句有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有forexample,anex-ampleof,themostimportantexample,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobe-ginwith,also,besidestha

4、t等。在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从该段落中的forexample可以断定上一句是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句为主题句,在第二句前面添加一个forexample,看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。(2)选择答案先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读A、B、C和D四个选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的复述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。方法技巧栏目索引2.主题句位于段末主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这种

5、段落的模式可用正三角()来表示。3.主题句位于段落的中间主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。这种段落模式可用菱形()来表示。这种图形可看做是和的合二为一()。这种段落是从支撑细节开始,发展到结论(出现主题句)。当主题句出现后,又进一步用细节支持说明,其安排顺序是:次要重要次要。4.主题句隐含在段意之中有些段落没有明显的主题句,其中心思想包含在各个句子中,这就要求读者方法技巧栏目索引依据已知的细节,归纳出段落的中心思想。这种段落模式可用正方形()来表示。三、主旨要义类

6、题目常用的解题方法三、主旨要义类题目常用的解题方法1.总结大意题总结大意方法技巧栏目索引典例典例1(2019课标全国,D片段)Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikablesplays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jum

7、p-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thentheresthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofin

8、terpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.方法技巧栏目索引解析解析本题考查段落大意。浏览全段可迅速找到段落中心句:MitchPrin-stein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocate-gories。由此可知本段对受欢迎的人进行分类。答案答案A方法技巧栏目索引典例典例2AlongtheriverbanksoftheAmazonandtheOrinocotherelivesabirdthatswimsbeforeitcanfly,flieslikeafatchi

9、cken,eatsgreenleaves,hasthestomachofacowandhasclaws(爪)onitswingswhenyoung.Theybuildtheirhomesabout4.6mabovetheriver,animportantfeature(特征)forthesafetyoftheyoung.Itiscalledthehoatzin.Inappearance,thebirdsofbothsexeslookverymuchalikewithbrownonthebackandcreamandredontheunderside.Theheadissmall,withala

10、rgesetoffeathersonthetop,brightredeyes,andblueskin.Itsnearestrelativesarethecommonbirds,cuckoos.Itsmoststrikingfeature,though,isonlyfoundintheyoung.Babyhoatzinshaveaclawontheleadingedgeofeachwingandanotheratthe方法技巧栏目索引endofeachwingtip.Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak(喙),theycanclimbaboutinthe

11、bushes,lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirds.Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.DuringthedriermonthsbetweenDecemberandMarchhoatzinsflyabouttheforestingroupsof20to30birds,butinApril,whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.

12、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Hoatzinsindryandrainyseasons.B.Therelativesandenemiesofhoatzins.C.PrimitivebirdsandhoatzinsoftheAmazon.D.Theappearanceandlivinghabitsofhoatzins.方法技巧栏目索引解析解析本题考查全文主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了麝雉(thehoatzin)的外表特征以及生活习性,故选D项。答案答案D方法技巧栏目索引2.最佳标题最佳标题方法技巧栏目索引典例典例3ToomuchTV-watchingcanharm

13、childrensabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestef-forttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchi

14、ldrenwithoutbedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVdur-ingchildhood.ButtheresultsdontprovethatTVisthecauseanddontruleoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人)maywatchlotsofTV.方法技巧栏目索引TheirstudymeasuredtheTVh

15、abitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.ThosewithcollegedegreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2.5hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowest,whileth

16、osewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldnthaveTVsintheirbedrooms.方法技巧栏目索引Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildrenC.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildrensLearningHabits解析解析本题考查最佳标题。通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了看电视对儿童所造成的影响。文章第一段为全文的主题句,故选B项。答案答案B