高考英语一轮复习 语法专项（十一）定语从句课件.ppt

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1、(十一十一)定语从句定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导定语从句引导定语从句 时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。who代指代指 人，作主语或宾语；人，作主语或宾语；whom代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾 语；语；whose代指人代指人(of whom)或物或物(of which)，作定语；，作定语；which代指物，作主语或宾语；代指物，作主语或宾语；that代指人或物，作主语、宾代指人或物，作主语、宾 语或表语。语或表语。

2、This is the detective who came from London.The book which/that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.He is no longer the boy that he used to be two years ago.使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：2021/8/11 星期三1(1)“介词关系代词介词关系代词”可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用 who

3、m或或which，不可用，不可用who或或that。The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to_whom she could turn for help.(2)“whose n.”引导定语从句时，可换成引导定语从句时，可换成“the n.of whom/which”或或“of which the n.”。He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.He lives in a big

4、 house the window of which faces the sea.He lives in a big house of which the window faces the sea.(3)which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句，此时引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句，此时which相当相当于于and this。He succeeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy.2021/8/11 星期三2 The weather turned out to be very good，which was mor

5、e than we could expect.【注】判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中【注】判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中 作什么成分。作什么成分。Ill never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.(先行词先行词the day作作spent的宾语：的宾语：I spent the day with you on the farm.)Ill never forget the day when I worked together with you on the farm.(先行词先行词th

6、e day在从句中作状语：在从句中作状语：I worked together with you on the farm on that day.)He works in the factory which makes color TV sets.(先行词先行词the factory在从句中作主语：在从句中作主语：The factory makes color TV sets.)He works in the factory where color TV sets are made.(先行词先行词the factory在从句中作状语：在从句中作状语：Color TV sets are made

7、in the factory.)2021/8/11 星期三3二、关系副词引导的定语从句二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词关系副词when，where，why在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点 或原因。关系副词或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点充当地点 状语，状语，why充当原因状语。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，引充当原因状语。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，引 导词要用关系副词。导词要用关系副词。I will never forget the day when I met Mr.Lin.This is the p

8、lace where we lived for 5 years.I know the reason why he came late.2.关系副词常可换成关系副词常可换成“介词关系代词介词关系代词”。when可换成可换成on/in/by which等，等，where可换成可换成at/in/from which等，等，why换成换成for which。This is the factory where I paid a visit the other day.2021/8/11 星期三4 This is the factory to_which_I_paid_a_visit the other

9、day.This is the factory that/which_I_visited the other day.3.that有时可以代替关系副词引导定语从句，此时有时可以代替关系副词引导定语从句，此时that可以省去，可以省去，不过这是一种非正式用法。不过这是一种非正式用法。It happened on the day(that/when)I was born.4.way后面的定语从句不能用后面的定语从句不能用how引导。如引导。如way在从句中作状语，在从句中作状语，应用应用in which或或that引导，甚至还可省略引导词；如作主语或宾引导，甚至还可省略引导词；如作主语或宾 语应用

10、语应用that或或which引导。引导。I dont like the way(in which/that)he talks.The way that/which he thought of to solve the problem might be helpful.5.from where为为“介词关系副词介词关系副词”结构，它也可以引导定语从句。结构，它也可以引导定语从句。Tom hid himself behind the door，from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.2021/8/11 星期三56.as引导的

11、定语从句引导的定语从句 as有有“正如，就像正如，就像”之意，可引导非限制性定语从句，从句可位之意，可引导非限制性定语从句，从句可位于于 主句的前面、中间或后面；但主句的前面、中间或后面；但which引导的非限制性定语从句一引导的非限制性定语从句一 般只能放在主句之后。般只能放在主句之后。As had been expected，the England team won the football match.The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadnt expected.7.非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别非限制性定语从句与并

12、列句的识别 非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号逗号”分隔，并且不能加入分隔，并且不能加入 and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，so等词连接，等词连接，或中间用或中间用“分号分号”隔开。隔开。He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadnt been

13、cleaned for at least a year.2021/8/11 星期三6 He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows；most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.8.定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别 同位语从句是位于名词同位语从句是位于名词answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order，problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并对这些名词进

14、行补充等后的句子，并对这些名词进行补充 说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词that只起引导只起引导 作用，不作句子成分，且作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省略；同位语从句不可用不可省略；同位语从句不可用 which引导。而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或引导。而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或 宾语等。宾语等。The fact that she hasnt known the result of the examination is clear.The fact(that/which)she told me yeste

15、rday is very important.2021/8/11 星期三7过关落实过关落实1.Some preschool children go to a day care center，_ they learn simple games and songs.A.then B.there C.while D.where 解析：解析：wherewhere引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。答案：答案：D2.He was educated at the local high school，_ he went on to Beijing Univer

16、sity.A.after which B.after that C.in which D.in that 解析解析：after whichafter which引导定语从句，引导定语从句，whichwhich指上面的句子指上面的句子He was He was educated at the local high school educated at the local high school，表示，表示“在当地高中受教在当地高中受教 育后上了北京大学育后上了北京大学”。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三83.Those successful deaf dancers think tha

17、t dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.where 解析：解析：先行词是先行词是activityactivity，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示 “在这种活动中在这种活动中”，故选，故选wherewhere。答案：答案：D4.Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _ we worked.A.that B.there C.which D.where 解析：解析：wherewher

18、e引导定语从句修饰引导定语从句修饰the farmthe farm，在从句中作地点状语。，在从句中作地点状语。答案：答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三95.The book was written in 1946，_ the education system has witnessed great changes.A.when B.during which C.since then D.since when 解析：解析：19461946是先行词，是先行词，whenwhen引导定语从句，由句意可知，关系引导定语从句，由句意可知，关系 词前应加词前应加sincesince，译为，译为“自从那时自

19、从那时”。答案：答案：D6.By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，_ can be very eyeopening and rewarding.A.who B.which C.what D.that 解析：解析：whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。答案：答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三107.I was given three books on cooking，the first _ I really enjoyed.

20、A.of that B.of which C.that D.which 解析：解析：of whichof which指指of the three books on cookingof the three books on cooking；ofof结构提结构提 前，指物时关系代词用前，指物时关系代词用whichwhich。答案：答案：B8.The Beatles，_ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.A.what B.that C.how D.as 解析：解析：asas引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。

21、答案：答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三119.We saw several natives advancing towards our party，and one of them came up to us，_ we gave some bells and glasses.A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 解析：解析：当介词结构当介词结构(to)(to)提前，指人时，关系代词用提前，指人时，关系代词用whomwhom。答案：答案：B10.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Befo

22、re I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come.A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which 解析：解析：“从哪个方向来从哪个方向来”为为come from the directioncome from the direction，变为定，变为定语语 从句时从句时fromfrom提前，用提前，用whichwhich引导定语从句。引导定语从句。答案：答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三1211.It is far better for

23、one to drink milk，_ one gets healthful nutrients，than to drink coffee，_ contains no nutrients at all.A.what；what B.where；as C.from which；which D.in which；what 解析：解析：根据句意根据句意“人们从牛奶中得到有益健康的营养成分人们从牛奶中得到有益健康的营养成分”可可 知，第一个空应填知，第一个空应填from whichfrom which；两个从句都是非限制性定语从；两个从句都是非限制性定语从 句，指物时，关系代词用句，指物时，关系代词用w

24、hichwhich，故选，故选C C项。项。答案：答案：C12.Last October China launched its second manned spaceship Shenzhou，_ two Chinese astronauts traveled in space for five days.A.in which B.at which C.by which D.from which 解析：解析：先行词为先行词为Shenzhou Shenzhou，定语从句表示，定语从句表示“两名宇航员来此两名宇航员来此 飞船飞船”，故用，故用in whichin which。答案：答案：A 202

25、1/8/11 星期三1313.The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.I agree.They can apply their wisdom to other net technology _ human beings can benefit.A.in which B.through which C.on which D.from which 解析：解析：benefit frombenefit from，从，从中获益，获得好处；中获益，获得好处；fromfrom提前且提前且 定语从句先行词为物时，用定语从句先行词为物时，用whichwhich。

26、答案：答案：D14.Todays Sichuan has become a representative of the west development，a place _ hopes and opportunities have replaced poverty and backwardness.A.which B.that C.where D.there 解析：解析：wherewhere引导定语从句，且在句中作地点状语。引导定语从句，且在句中作地点状语。答案：答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三1415.Their goods are exchanged for such machinery and equipment _ we need to buy abroad.A.that B.what C.as D.which 解析：解析：such.as.such.as.意思是意思是“像像这样的这样的”，asas作关系代词，作关系代词，引导定语从句，引导定语从句，asas在定语从句中作在定语从句中作needneed的宾语；而的宾语；而 such.that.such.that.中的中的thatthat引导结果状语从句只起引导作用，不引导结果状语从句只起引导作用，不 在句子中作成分。在句子中作成分。答案：答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三152021/8/11 星期三16