2019小升初英语必考知识点易错题总结.docx
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1、2019小升初英语必考知识点易错题总结-:学生易错词汇1. a, an的选择:元音字母开头的单词用an ,辅音字母开头的单词用a.2. am , is , are的选择:单数用is ,复数用are. I用am , you用are.3. have , has的选择:表示某人有某物。单数用has ,复数用have. I, you用have .4. there is, there are的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is ,复数用there are.5. some, any的选择肯定句用some,疑问句和否定句用any.6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么)who (谁)where
2、 (哪里)whose (谁的)why (为什么)when(什么 时候)which (哪一个)how old (多大)how many (多少)how much (多少钱)二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:什么+动词be (am , is , are ) +形容词比较级+ than (tb ) +什么,如:r m taller and heavier than you.(我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigger than a tiger.一只大象比只老虎更大。)形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
3、一般的直接在词尾加 er ,如 tall - taller, strong - stronger,以e结尾的,直接加r ,如fine - finer,以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier双写最后的字母再加 er,如 big - bigger, thin - thinner ,hot - hotter注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为:My hair is longer than yours.
4、或 My hair is longer than your hair.比较级专项练习:、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big How is the Yellow River? How is Mr Green? He s 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? It s 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) I m 12 years old. You re 14.1 m than you.(2) A rabbit s tail is than a monkey s tail
5、.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.三、根据中文完成句子.(1)我比我的弟弟大三岁.r m than my brother. 这棵树要比那棵树高.This tree than that one.(3)你比他矮四厘米.You are than he.(4)谁比你重? than you ?四、根据答句写出问句(6) r m 160 cm.(7) r m 12 years old.(4) Amy s hair is 30 cm long.三:动词过去式详
6、解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed :如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e结尾的动词直接加d :如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study - studied carry - carried worry - worried (注意play, stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing - sang , ea
7、t - ate, see - saw, have - had , do - did , go - went, take - took, buy - bought, get - got, read - read ,fly - flew, am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left, swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew, come - came, lose - lost, find - found , drink - drank, hurt - hurt, feel - felt四:动词现在分
8、词详解,动词的ing形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上 ing 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting五:人称和数人称代词物主代词 主格宾格第一人称单数I (我)me my (我的)复数we (我们)us our (我们的)第二人称单数you (你)you your (你的)复数you (你们)you your (你们的)第三人称单数he (他)him his
9、(他的)she (她)her her (她的)it (它)it its (它的)复数they (他们/她们/它们)them their (他们的/她们的/它们的)六:句型专项归类1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I mnota stu
10、dent. She is not(isnJ t) a doctor.He does not (doesn t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren t) four fans in our classroom.He will not (won t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn* t) watch TV yesterday evening.注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not”。有动词be的句子则“no加在be后面可缩写成“isn t, aren,但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词b
11、e的 句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do , does , did ),然后在它后面加上“not”, 你也可以把它们缩写在起如“don,t,doesn,t,didn,t )0这三个助动词要根据人称和时态 来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去 时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did”。3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, V m not.Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, sh
12、e isn t.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn t.Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren t.Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren t.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(w
13、on t).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn t.注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do , does , did )再把紧跟在后面的动词变回 原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的 情况,而“did”只用于一般过去
14、时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did”。一般疑问句有个 重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what, where, who , which , when , whose , why, how 等)开 头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yesno”来回答。如:What is this? If s a computer.What does he do? He s a doctor.Where are you going? I m going to Beijing.Who played footb
15、all with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? If sAmy s.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.How are you? I m fine. / V m happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by
16、 train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many (多少(数 量), how much (多少(钱),how tall (多高),how long (多长),how big (多大),how heavy (多重)例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小结:how man
17、y用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,How many +名词复数+ do you have?你有多少?How many +名词复数+ can you see?你能看见多少?How many + 名词复数 + are there-?有多少?七:完全、缩略形式:r m=I am he s=he is she s=she is they re=they are you re=you are there s=there is they re=they are can t=can not don t=do not doesn t=does not isn t=is not aren t=a
18、re not let s=let us won t=will notI 11=1 will wasn t=was not总结 通常情况下,m 即 am ,s 即 is(但 let s=let us ),re 即 are ,nt 即 not (但 can t=can not):与字母相关的题型(注:五个元音字母是Aa Ee li Oo Uu )一 .将所给字母的大小写写在四线格上Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq li二.写出下列字母的左邻右舍。1.( )Hh( )2.( )Bb( )3.( )LI( )4.( )Rr( )5.( ) Qq ( )6.( ) Ww ()三.用小
19、写字母抄写下列单词。l.ROOM() 2.UNDER() 3.PLEASE() 4.PICTURE() 5.WHERE() 6.TWINS( ) 7.EXCUSE( )8.H0W() 9.CAKE( ) 1O,SMALL( )四.将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来1. a ce 2. ieo 3. v u k 4. e u I 5. J B I 6. ETV 7, E I 08. A U E五 .写出与所给单词发音相同的字母(大小写), l.bee () 2.sea () 3.tea () 4.are () S,why () 6.you ()六 .字母的缩略词A.M . (a.m.)上午 P.M.(
20、p.m.)下午 OK好,行 WC厕所 PRC中国 CAAC中国民航 UN联 合国UK联合王国(英国)TV电视BBC英语广播公司VOA美国之音ID身份证SOS国 际通用呼救信号TM商标Tel电话 MTV音乐电视CCTV中国中央电视台AD公元BC公 元前ABC基础知识POB邮政信箱cm厘米BBS电子布告栏WT世界贸易组织CPU中 央处理器IMP逬 RMB人民币 UN ESC联合国教科文组织 WH世界卫生组织SARS 非典EMS特快快递Sun.星期日 Mon.星期Tue.星期二 Wed.星期三Thu.星期四Fri. 星期五Sat.星期六Jan.一月Feb.二月Mar.三月Apr.四月May五月Jun
21、e六月July七 月Aug.八月Sept.九月ct.十月Nov.H-月Dec.十二月VCD影碟机Add.地址USA美国IS国际标准化组织 NBA全美篮球协会EXP出口 IT信息技术IQ智商SAR特 别行政区九:小学英语词汇不完全归类表学习用品(school things):pen钢笔pencil铅笔 pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子 book书 bag包 comic book漫画书 post card 明信片 newsp叩er 报纸 schoolbag 书包 eraser 橡皮 crayon 蜡笔 sharpener 卷笔刀story-book故事书 notebook笔记本 Chin
22、ese book语文书 English book英语书 math book 数学书 magazine 杂志 dictionary 词典人体(body):foot脚 head头face脸 hair头发 nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 arm手臂 hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴颜色(colours ):red 红 blue蓝 yellow 黄 green 绿 white 白 black黑 pink粉红 purple 紫。range 橙 brown 棕动物(animals ):cat 猫 dog 狗 pig 猪 duck 鸭 rabbit 兔 horse 马 el
23、ephant 大象 ant 蚂蚁 fish 鱼 bird 鸟 eagle 鹰 beaver 海狸 snake 蛇 mouse 老鼠 squirrel 松鼠 kangaroo 袋鼠 monkey猴 panda熊猫 bear熊lion狮子tiger老虎fox狐狸 zebra斑马 deer鹿 giraffe长颈鹿 goose鹅 hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊 sheep绵羊 goat山羊 cow 奶牛 donkey 驴 squid 就鱼 lobster 龙虾 shark 鲨鱼 seal 海豹 sperm whale 抹香鲸 killer whale虎鲸人物(people ): friend朋
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