2005—2017年历年考研英语真题集.docx

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1、2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding yes! 1 helping you feel close and 2 to pe

2、ople you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the ef

3、fects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants, susceptibility to developing the common cold after being *7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of huggin

4、g 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thas usually 14 with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a pro

5、fessor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called the bonding hormone 18 it promotes attachment in re

6、lationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1 .A Unlike B Besides C Throughout D Desp

7、ite2 .A equal B restricted C connected D inferior3 .A host B view C lesson D choice4 .A recall B forget C avoid D keep5 .A collecting B affecting C guiding D involving6 .A on B in CJ at D of7 .A devoted B exposed C lost D attracted8 .A across B| along C down D out9 .A imagined B denied C doubted |D

8、calculated10 .A served |B explained C restored D required11 l.A Thus B| Still C Rather D Even12 .A defeats B symptoms C errors D tests13 .A highlighted B minimized C controlled D increased14 .A associated B equipped C presented D compared15 .A assess B moderate C generate D record16 .A in the face o

9、f B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of17 .A attribute B| commit C transfer D return18 .A unless B| because C though D until19 .A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases20 .A experiences B combines C justifies DinfluencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followin

10、g four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airpor

11、ts with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too

12、much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans9 economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check th

13、at undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons一both fake and rea!一past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective a

14、irline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another fac

15、tor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is

16、supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travellers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has no

17、t gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should

18、 look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash

19、 of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned toA stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.B explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.D emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributions to

20、long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.|B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning toA quieter.B faster.C wider.D cheaper.24. One problem w

21、ith the PreCheck program isA A dramatic reduction of its scale.B Its wrongly-directed implementation.C The governments reluctance to back it.D An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Getting Stuck in Security LinesB PreCheck一a Belated So

22、lutionC Less Screening for More SafetyD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,M wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii to

23、day. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian

24、Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on

25、Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness

26、 to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing

27、a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all t

28、elescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ou

29、rselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old

30、 ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA its conservative view on

31、 the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toA its geographical featuresB its prote

32、ctive surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.|B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear lo

33、sing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The author

34、s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile. With Britain voting to leave the European Union,

35、 and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policy makers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that

36、do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospect

37、s?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather

38、than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes . Yes

39、, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across me

40、asures including civil society, income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common m

41、ethod for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and i

42、n the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policy makers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31 .Robert F. Kennedy is cit

43、ed because heApraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness .Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP .Dhad a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatAthe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.|BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Cthe UK will

44、contribute less to the world economy.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?AIt is sponsored by 163 countries .BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CJIts criteria are questionable .DIts results are enlightening .34.1n the

45、 last two paragraphs, the author suggests thatAthe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.DJit requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best title for the text ?AHigh GDP But I

46、nadequate Well-being, a UK LessonBGDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic HealthCRebort F. Kennedy , a Tenninator of GDPDBrexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonn

47、ell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look on

48、ly at his “official acts, or the former governors decisions on specific and unsettled issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors i