2015年考研英语二真题和答案解析详解.docx

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1、2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn t always better.A number of studies have _1 thatnormal-weightpeople are in fact at higher risk of some diseas

2、es compared to those who areoverweight.And there are health conditionsfor which beingoverweight is actually2. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiencythan thin women.3 among the elderly, being somewhatoverweight is often an4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fac

3、t that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. Itis often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI7_ body massAn adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is oftendivided by the square of height, consideredto be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is consideredobese.Obesity,8,can b

4、e divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and veryseverely obese.While such numerical standardsseem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probablylessBMI are in factSome people with a matter of weight than body fat.a high extremelyfit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many coll

5、egiate and professionalfootballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.Theoverweight aresometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereoty

6、pes _16_ with obesityinclude laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harborWORD完美格式tend to look down on the overweight,young childrentheobese. _17_verybiasesagainstand teasing about body build has long been a problem

7、 in schools.B conduced C doubled D ensuredl .A denied A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome2.C Likewise D Therefore3.A Instead B However D example4.A indicator B objective C originD concerns.A impact B relevance C assistanceE in favor of D in ofA in terms of B in case of6.B determines C

8、 equals D modifiesA measures7.C in contrast C in turn D in partA in essences.D straightforwardA complicated B conservative C variable9.unlike C since D unlessA so10.BA shape B spirit C balance D tastell.stayA start B quality C retireD12.D normal D constantA strange B changeable13.E tendencyA option

9、B reason C opportunity14.B pictured C imitated D monitored15.A employedC settled D associated 16.A B combinedA Even B Still C Yet D Only17.A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded完美格式WORD专业整理A discussions B businesses C policies D studiesA for B against C with D without20.Section II Reading Compr

10、ehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions beloweach text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question forGloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-oldwidow who recently emerged from her small, t

11、in-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggestundivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could doworse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn andMichael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research t

12、oshow that the mostrewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealthoften involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction withthese material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and newbecomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is f

13、ar better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumnand Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going tothe cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as storiesor memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with

14、 tips to help wage slaves as well as lotterywinners get the most happiness bang for your buck. It seems most people would bewithspend more time their if off better they could shorten commutes to work, friendsthe average American spendstelevisionwatching of it and family and less (something a whoppin

15、g two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or完美格式wordgivingto charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,andluxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restrictsthe availabilityof its popul

16、ar McRib - a marketingtrick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “ HappyMoney“ are clearlya privilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment, countriesnot hunger.Money may notquitebuy happiness,butpeoplein wealthieraregenerally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link b

17、etween feeling good andspending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcityenhancesthepleasure of most thingsformost people.Not everyonewill policyideas,whichauthorsrange frommandatingmore holidaytimeagree withthe taxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.to reduci

18、ngButmost peoplewillcome away from this book believing it was money well spent21 .According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is themostrewarding purchase?AA big houseBA special tourCA stylish carDA rich meal22 .The author s attitude toward Americans watching TV isAcriticalBsupportiveCsympat

19、heticDambiguous23 .Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show thatWORD完美格式Aconsumers are sometimes irrationalBpopularity usually comes after qualityCmarketing tricks are after effectiveDrarity generally increases pleasure24 .According to the last paragraph,Happy Money criticismA has left much room f

20、or readersmay prove to be a worthwhile purchaseBChas predicted a wider income gap in the usDmay give its readers a sense of achievement25 .This text mainly discusses how tobalance feeling good and spending moneyABspend large sums of money won in lotteriesobtain lasting satisfaction from money spentC

21、become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesDText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says than you are.you think actually,that, you re more beautifulWe have a deep-seatedemploy a number of self-enhancinggood about ourselvesneed to feel and we naturally川usorys

22、trategies“ above average effectthe into to research what the call ”，or ”as above averagesuperiority70%of us rate example, for, and shown that,v ourselvesobviously93% in drivingin leadership,others with on well and 85% at getting all statistical impossibilities.完美格式WORDWe rose tint our memories and p

23、ut ourselves into self-affirmingsituations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply to othersnegative stereotypesto boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we re hot stuff.Psychologistand behavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawa key studyingintoself-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather

24、 that have people simply rate theirbeauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh ofthemselves froma lineupincludingversionsthathad been alteredto appear moreand less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “ an automatic with littleor noandintuitivelyappar

25、entprocesspsychologicaloccurringrapidly image-deliberation n flattering. If the subjectsconsciouschose a falselyquicklywhich must did- they genuinelybelievedit was really how they looked. Epley foundgenderdifferenceno significantinresponses.Nor was thereany evidence that,thosewho self-enhancewho tho

26、ughtthemost positivelythe must(thatis,the participantsprofound insecurities. Indoctored picture were real) were doing soto make up forwho thoughtthatthefact thoseimages higherscaleup the attractivenesswere realdirectly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higherself-esteem. u I

27、dont thinkthe findings that we having haveareany evidence ofpersonal delusion ” , says Epley.Its a reflection simply of people generallyyou wont be self-enhancing.well thinkingof themselves . Ifare depressed,youKnowing the resultsof Epley s study,itmakes sense that why people heat photographsof them

28、selves Viscerally-onone level,they dont even recognise the person in thes paradise,wherepicture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancerpeople can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of theirwit,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle its not that peoples profiles aredishone

29、st,says catalina toma of Wiscon but they portray an Madison university ,idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found thatA our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is baseless effectword完美格式专业整理our need for leadership is

30、unnaturalCself-enhancing strategies are ineffectiveDs 27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoplerapid watchingAconscious choiceBintuitive responseCautomatic self-defenceDEpley found that people with higher self-esteem tendedto28.A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attractivenes

31、sC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to. ” Viscerally“29.The wordinstinctivelyABoccasionallyCparticularlyDaggressivelys paradise because people can.30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancerApresent their dishonest profiles完美格式WO

32、RDB define their traditional lifestyles Cshare their intellectualpursuits Dwithhold theirunflattering sides Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future werelargely - though by no meansuniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure allthe ills of humanity, leading t

33、o lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Nowutopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciationstrike to epidemic flu and to climatefacing us, from asteroid of the range of threatschange. You might even be temptedto lookto assume that humanity has littlefutureforward to.But

34、such gloominessis misplaced.The fossilrecordshows thatmany specieshave endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look atour species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Loo

35、k up Homosapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International unionforthe Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: Listed as Least Concern asthe species is verywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,and there 牡?潮洋橡牯玻航?隨獴燿徼泠桶柿菜?滿漠瞰愉菜潔灯泠瑜漫?肢 次重?So what does our deep fut

36、ure hold? A growing number of researchers andorganizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long NowFoundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about

37、 such lengthy timescales technology,than about the more immediate future.The potentialevolutionof todaysand its social consequences, is dazzlinglycomplicated,and its perhaps bestleftto science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities weWORD完美格式can envisage. Thats one reaso

38、n why we have launched Arc, a new publicationdedicated to the near future.But take a longerview and there is a surprisingamount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we havenow identifiedenough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of

39、 theplanet,and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situationsin which ourdescendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of ourprospects seem more likely to bea passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are nowknowledgeable enou

40、gh to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence ofearlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired byA our desire for lives of fulfillmentB our faith in science and technologyC our awareness of potential risks D our belief in equal

41、opportunity32. The IUCN s u Red List ” suggest that human being areA asustained speciesB a threaten to the environmentC the world s dominant powerD a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?WORD完美格式Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.ATechnology offer

42、s solutions to social problem.BThe interest in science fiction is on the rise.COur Immediate future is hard to conceive.D34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial toA explore our planets abundant resources)adopt an optimistic view of the worldBdraw on our experience from the pastCcurb our a

43、mbition to reshape historyDWhich of the following would be the best title for the text?35.A Uncertainty about Our FutureB Evolution of the Human SpeciesC The Ever-bright Prospects of MankindD Science, Technology and HumanityText 3参考答案8. our faith in science and technology 31.A. sustained species32.D

44、. our immediate future is hard to conceive 33.完美格式WORD34. C. draw on our experience from the past35. C. the ever-bright prospects of mankindText 4Whenthe government talks about infrastructurecontributingto the economy thefocus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom me

45、ntioned.Why is that?To some extentthe housing sectormust shoulderthe blame.Wehave toeconomicnotbeen good atcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousing can contribute growth. Then there is the scaleofthetypicalhousingproject.ltishardto shove soitis inevitableforattention among multibillion-poundproject,infr

46、astructurethat the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting listsincrease all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity forthe government tohelp rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some step