北京市海淀区2022年中考一模英语试题（含答案与解析）.docx

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1、2022年北京市海淀区中考一模试题英语试卷1.本试卷共8页，共两部分,39道题，满分60分。考试时间90分钟。考2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。生3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。须4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。知5.考试结束,请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。第一部分本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. My brother is very friendly.

2、gets along well with others.A. HeB. SheC. ID. You2. Wu Dajing, a gold medalist, started to practice speed skating the age of ten.A. onB. inC. forD. at3. :do you play basketball with your classmates, David?Twice a week.A. How oftenB. How longC. How soon4. Our parents help and support us a lot,we shou

3、ld be thankful to them.D. How farA. butB. orC.soD. because5. -；you lend me your dictionary, Laura?Sorry, I cant. I have just lent it to Eric.A. CouldB. ShouldC. MustD. Need6. We should keep in mind that nothing is than safety.A. importantB. more importantC. most importantD. the most important7. Nick

4、, take out the trash, please.Wait a minute, Mom. I an e-mail to Mr. Smith now.A writeB. am writingC. wroteD. will write8. The supermarket at 8:30 a.m. and closes at 8:30 p.m. every day.A. is openingB. openedC. opensD. will open9. All of us great progress since we started junior high school.A. makeB.

5、 madeC. have madeD. will make10. The kids an online lesson when their parents arrived home yesterday.A. tookB. takeC. are takingD. were taking11. A new hospital in the village by the government last year.A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. was built12. Tom, do you know?一Next Friday.B. when we will hold t

6、he sports meetingD. when we held the sports meetingA. when will we hold the sports meetingC. when did we hold the sports meeting二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选 项。It was January 2021. My second term in high school had just ended. Two weeks earlier, my parents checked my gr

7、ades and 13 more than 20 missing tasks.Bright and able as I was, I had often struggled （挣扎）with 14 and procrastination （拖延）, especially with writing tasks. But this time was different, and the pandemic （疫 11青） was to blame. I was doing my first year partly from home where I did my schoolwork on my o

8、wn time, and, fbr the most part, without teacher guidance.The 15 was too much. I could do a million other things rather than my homework. I told my mom what I was missing from my teachers and classmates, t4Whcn a teacher walks around the classroom, you want to be on task, and you dont want to fall b

9、ehind the other students/*My parents tried to help, but their 16 fell far short of their expectations. Tired from working long days, they criticized rather than advised. Late-night learning hours ended in 17 matches. All three of us were upset and stressed out.We knew we couldnt solve this alone. So

10、 when my mom heard that Steve Merrill, an experienced teacher, could help, she 18 out.Mr. Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same areas: task organization and time management. He taught me to break down big tasks into small ones. We met twice a week, over video, where we coul

11、d look over my tasks and put the skill into practice. After a few months, I started to see positive results. Mygrades were improving. My work habits were becoming more regula匚 There were 19 late-night learning hours and fights.The other evening 1 came downstairs to ask my parents fbr help with a wri

12、ting task. There was something different. I had 20 most of it two days before the deadline! While I dont expect this school year to be easy, I now have some of the tools I need to help me through it.13. A. countedB. finishedC.changedD. gave14. A. discussionB. expressionC. competitionD. organization1

13、5. A. knowledgeB. stressC. freedomD. advice16. A. rulesB. effortsC. habitsD. experiences17. A. searchingB. readingC. jokingD. shouting18. A. reachedB. helpedC. workedD. dropped19. A. betterB. fewerC. strongerD. busier20. A. sharedB. forgottenC. completedD. mistaken三、阅读理解（每题2分，共26分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容,从短文后

14、各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。AYou change into your pajamas, turn off the lights, and get yourself ready to sleep. How do you prefer to sleep, on the back or on your side? Here arc some interesting sleeping positions.StarfishStarfish is when you lie on your back and sleep with yourarms lifted up near you

15、r head. According to studies, only 5% ofpeople sleep like this. It often causes lower back pain. You canplace a pillow （枕头）under your knees if you have lowerback pain. You will feel more comfortable this way.Soldier PositionThis sleeping position is kind of strange, but verycommon. It when you sleep

16、 on your back with your armsdown and very close to your body. Studies have shown thatpeople who sleep like this may be quieter. It is actually a goodMWsleeping position, as it helps keep your spine （脊柱）in astraight line.12sSleeping on Your BellyDo you like to sleep on your belly, but experience prob

17、lems oftentimes? The position might not help you. It can make your neck uncomfortable. But if this is how you like to sleep, you might consider using a very soft cooling pillow to keep your neck comfortable.14FreefallIf this sleeping position is not familiar to you, you should know that at least 7%

18、of the worlds population sleep that way. In this position, you have your hands on or around your pillow, with your head turned to one side. But it may create a twist （扭 伤）in the neck. Some studies suggest that generally youre a social person if you like to sleep in this position.21. Which sleeping p

19、osition often causes lower back pain?A. Starfish.B. Soldier Position. C. Sleeping on Your Belly. D. Freefall.22. Sleeping in the soldier position helps.A. you fall asleep quicklyB. keep your spine in a straight lineC. you breathe easilyD. treat the pain in your neck23. If Tom likes to sleep in the f

20、reefall position, he might be.A. socialB. quietC. honestD. carefulBJeremiahs MistakegarlicJeremiah hurried into the kitchen and washed his hands. He had exactly one hour until his father got home. He wasnt used to starting dinner this early. On his nights to cook, Jeremiah generally got dinner ready

21、 in fifteen minutes. But Dad always praised Jeremiahs meals, no matter how simple they were. Delicious!” he would say.But Jeremiah knew Dad liked more complicated （复杂的）dishes, because on Dads nights to cook, he used a ton of ingredients. Dad was a natural cook. Not Jeremiah-at least, not until tonig

22、ht.It was Dads birthday, and for once in his life, Jeremiah was cooking something complicated: spaghetti with homemade sauce （酱）.Hed eaten it a million times, so he knew most of the ingredients. tTomatoes, onions, garlic, beef/ he thought, looking through the fridge. They had everything except the b

23、eef. No problem-theyd go vegetarian tonight.limeJeremiah cut up the vegetables with Dads special knife and put them into the pot. Then he turned to Dads spice（香料）collection. He picked a few familiar ones and put them in. The pleasing smell of fresh tomatoes amazed him. He tasted it just as Dad usual

24、ly did. It was terrible! Way too spicy. Aha! A lime would cool things down. He added in as much lime juice as he could. One more taste. Ugh. It was awful! Now the sauce was sour and spicy.He left the kitchen and went into his room. He could at least order pizza, so Dad wouldnt have to stay hungry on

25、 his own birthday. As he counted his money, he heard the front door open.“Hi, Jeremiah!, Dad called.“Coming.”Jeremiah returned to the kitchen, where he found Dad digging through the food cupboard. t4Fm buying pizza,M Jeremiah said. Its not much of a birthday dinner.”Dad turned holding a bag of chips

26、 and a bowl of Jeremiahs spaghetti sauce. We dont need pizza!” Dadsmiled. 4tThis delicious salsa（萨尔萨辣酱）is a meal in itself!”24. Why did Jeremiah decide to cook something complicated?A. Because it was his dads birthday.B. Because his dad told him to do so.C. Because he arrived home early.D. Because h

27、e was a natural cook.25. Jeremiah thought the sauce he made was.A. neither sour nor spicy enoughB. different from what he had expectedC. simple but healthyD. as delicious as he had imagined26. What can we learn about Jeremiahs father?A. He takes his job seriously.B. He is creative and strict.C. He e

28、xpects his son to be skillful.D. He is loving and encouraging.CWhy Do Top Athletes Choke Under Pressure?Low Arousal HighAccording to classic economic theory, the higher the reward, the better the expected performance. As a result, we could expect the best performance at the most important moments. B

29、ut why do we so often see the most talented and experienced athletes perfbnn much worse than expected in important competitions like the Olympics?Why the Drop in Performance?It is not necessarily true that theres a direct relationship between incentives （激励）and achievement. Research has shown that i

30、ncreased motivation （动机）beyond a certain level harms an athletes performance. We call this phenomenon “choking under pressure”. Greater incentives may lead to higher levels of arousal （兴奋）.The relationship between performance and arousal looks like an inverted U shape （倒 U 形），meaning that performanc

31、e is the best at certain levels of arousal and drops with over-arousal.The desire to perform as well as possible is thought to create performance pressure. Many studies have shown increased pressure has a bad effect on athletes, perfbnnance in skill-based games. When people overthink or consciously

32、monitor each step, the drop in performance happens.2Beyond the pressure coming from the important competitions, another thing that may add pressure is the level of expectations. An experiment suggested high audience expectations harm performance in a skill-based task. For example, one of the most fa

33、mous biathletes in history, Martin Fourcade, said it was very emotional for him to compete in his home country and also much harder than competing abroad because of greater expectations.We tested this home disadvantage by using data from biathlon （冬季两项）competitions over 17 years. Wc have found the m

34、ost titled athletes miss a lot more shots when competing in their home country compared to when they compete abroad. The most reasonable explanation likely relates to the level of expectations from the homeland.How to Deal with It?There arc several ways to reduce stress, such as a countdown or takin

35、g a deep breath before the task. But the base fbr any solution is to realize that stress affects performance. Choking under pressure can happen to the best athletes and its not a shame to admit it. The more athletes know about the effect pressure can have on them, the more likely they are to succeed

36、 at the highest level.27. What can wc learn from “choking under pressure”?A. The higher the reward, the better the expected performance.B. Better achievement in games results from a drop in pressure.C. Arousal beyond a certain level harms an athletes performance.D. Athletes, performance in games has

37、 something to do with their training.28. Which of the following would be the best heading fbr Paragraph 4 and 5?A. Pressure as a Key to Improving Performance.B. Pressure as a Push fbr Becoming Top-level Athletes.C. High Expectations as a Cause of Choking Under Pressure.D. High Expectations as an Inc

38、entive to Compete in the Home Country.29. To deal with pressure, the athletes should first.A. avoid the possible feelings of pressureB. share their worries with friends and coachesC. try their best to succeed at the highest levelD. recognize the effect of stress on performanceDNowadays, the online w

39、orld is nearly as important as the real one. It is not uncommon to see the whole Internet bands together to “cancel“ someone after they make a mistake, which is called Cancel Culture. It can result in a person, if famous, losing fans and having to face attacks online. Even a normal person faces risk

40、s of losing their jobs or personal relationships. While stepping foot on any social media platform, everyone including young children can fall victim to it.Cancel Culture is a lose-lose situation. The person being canceled has to stand the negative effects of the Internet, and the people doing the c

41、anceling are contributing to （促成）the mindset that its okay to do this to people they dont know. Young kids may not understand or contribute completely to Cancel Culture, but by simply being on the Internet, they can see it firsthand, affecting their real lives. A New York Metro Parents article descr

42、ibes one girl who was canceled in school the same way people are canceled on the Internet, and her friends wouldnt even talk to or look at her.Dr. Pam Rultlcdge, a media psychologist, explains in her blog post that Cancel Culture discourages kids from expressing their opinions and standing up fbr ot

43、hers. Ifs always an “us against them“ mindset; anyone agreeing with the person being canceled is at risk of being left out online too.So again I ask, what is this teaching our kids? That they arent allowed to make mistakes? That they have to be perfect? Thi ma、be the current narrative but it shouldn

44、t be. Everyone messes up at some point, especially young children. They shouldnt be publicly punished fbr it and not given the chance to change peoples minds. Forgiveness is an important skill kids need to learn, and Cancel Culture is encouraging the opposite.One small mistake doesnt make someone a

45、bad person, but Cancel Culture makes them feel as if they are. Cancel Culture doesnt have to exist. We make it exist. And just as easily, we can make it disappear by contributing to an online world full of praise and love.30. The underlined words fall victim to in Paragraph 1 probably mean ”A. be at

46、tracted toB. get used toC. be shocked byD. get hurt by31. Why does the writer mention the New York Metro Parents article in Paragraph 2?A. To explain why Cancel Culture does harm to childrens friendships.B. To stress the importance of close relationships with friends for students.C. To show how Canc

47、el Culture has exercised influence on kids real lives.D. To suggest possible ways of changing the habit of overusing the Internet.32. In Cancel Culture, a person who makes mistakes will be.A. comforted with great patienceB. left out and publicly punishedC. taught how to correct the mistakesD. blocke

48、d from using the Internet again33. By saying “This may be the current narrative, but it shouldnt be in Paragraph 4,the writer wants to express that Cancel Culture.A. is easy to changeB. has a two-sided natureC. is supposed to be canceledD. stops mistakes from being repeated第二部分本部分共6题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。四、阅读表达（每题2分，共10分）阅读短文