浙江专升本英语语法：名词性从句讲义及习题.docx

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1、名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法工程，在历年的 高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面.考查名词性从句的语序问题1 .考查引导词that与what的区别. 3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法2 .考查whether与if的区别. 5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matler+疑问词引 导的状语从句的区别3 .考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题.语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语

2、从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用， 相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由附属连词Ihat, whether, if 和连接代词 what, who, which, whatever, whoever 以及连接副词 how, when, where, why等词引

3、导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副 词在句中既保存自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例 如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。47. 一May I borrow the ring一You can take you like.A. no matter what B. whichC. whicheverD. thatHe said that he was fond of.A. what beautiful isB. what is beautifulC. beautiful is wha

4、tD. what it is beautifulHe insisted that he in good health and to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sentC. be, was sent D. be, sendDo you know he expects will give us a talkA. whoB. whomC. thatD. whoseIts uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. howThey would have fixed th

5、e telephone yesterday it was a holiday.A. except B. except forC. except that D. but for53.is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hardB. No matter what is hardC. What is hardD. AH what is hard.the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. ThatB. WhatC. HowD.Which

6、. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will goC. should we goD. that weg。54 .we cant get seems better than we have.A. What, what B. What, thatC. That, thatD. That, what.you dont like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether. You cant imagi

7、ne when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited.well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. Whether C. ThalD. Where.he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What. that B. That. what C.

8、Why . that D. If. what61.is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. ThatB. WhyC. HowD.Who.well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. WhyC. WhatD. That.the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. IfB. WhereC. ThatD. What.he wont go ther

9、e is clear to all of us.D. ThisD. WhetherD.A. HowB. WhatC. Why.you come or not is up to you.A. WhatB. IfC. Why.makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. WhoeverAnybody62 .team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. ThatC. IfD. How63 .Three days later, word came our cou

10、ntry had sent up another man-madesatellite.A. which B. whenC. thatD. where.The problem is will go to the meeting.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. whot looks it were going to rain.A. even if B. as ifC. even though D. like.That is he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how.That is Lu Xun once lived.A

11、. whatB. whereC. thatD. why. We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. thatB. itC. thisD. what.Thc fact she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. whichB. what75 .What Im considering now A. isB. are76 .Can you tell meA. who is that genllemanC. who that gentleman isC. thatD. howthe

12、money we need.C. wereD. was8. that gentleman is whoD. whom is that gentleman1. .leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. WhoeverD. WhoIt is well known a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and howB. thatD. howC. whatThe energy is makes the c

13、ells able to do their work.A. thatB. whichC. whatD.such8(). Jack was soon told he did was not necessary.A. whyB. thatC. howD. why whatWe should think carefully about Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. XCan you point out two radios are the bestA. whichB. whatC. thatD. whetherYou

14、 will easily know video recorders (录相机)are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all ofD. which ofthose81. you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. IfB. Whether C. WhatD. WhenI asked her in English she was, and she told me she was an actress.A. who.that B. who.XC. what.XD.ho

15、w.thatShe took it for granted Id be back home an hour ago.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. whenWe think it possible the local government will be able to solve thehousing problem.A. forB. thatC. whenD. howNow there is a danger the ground may fall in （沉下）under the heavytraffic.A. whetherB. if89. At that time

16、I had no ideaA. ifB. how90. Last Sunday he promisedA. that he would comeC. he will come to see me 91. Last Sunday he made a promise Qingdao.A. ifB. that92. Do you have any ideaA. when Miss Smith will arriveC. how will Miss Smith arrive 93.1 have almost forgotten.A. how Mr. Taylofs likeC. what Mr. Ta

17、ylors face is94. The true value of life is not inA. how you get .that you giveC. what you get .what you give give 95. Do you knowC. XD. that.I could hand it to him without being seen.C. whichD. that how,today, but he hasnt appeared yet.B. that he will comeD. whether he would come he was free he woul

18、d take me toC. that ifD. whetherB. when will Miss Smith arriveD. why hasnt Miss Smith arrivedB. what Mr. Taylofs face is likeD. which Mr. Taylors face is like , but.B. which you got what you giveD. what do you get.what do youA. what is this used forB. what this is used forC. which this is usedD. tha

19、t this is used for96.surprised me most was.A. That.that she spoke Japanese so well B. What.how could she speak Japanese so wellC. What.that she spoke Japanese so well D. That.why she could speak Japanese so well 97.is to dance.A. That interests Mary reallyB. Which really interests Mary.C. What reall

20、y interests MaryD. What really interest MaryWe were greatly amused by.A. what you have told usB. which you had told usC. what you told usD. that you told usThese computers are different from.A. that we expectedB. what we expectedC. which we have expectedD. what we expectTom liked to eat was differen

21、t from.A. That.that you had expectedB. What .that you had expectedC. That.what you had expectedD. What.what you had expected-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA 16-20.DABCA21 -25.BBDDA 26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC 36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD 46-50.ACBAA 51 -55.CCCAD 56-60.ACBBA 61-65 DABCD 66-70 CACDB 71 -75 CBBCA 76

22、-80 CCCCD 81 -85 BADBC 86-90 ABDBA 91 -95 CABCB 96-100 CCCBD我们都知道他是如何成为一名It is known to us how he became a writer.作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为防止句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句 首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型 如下：(1) It + be + 名词 + that 从

23、句(2) It + be + 形容词 +that从句(3) It + be +动词的过去分词+ that从句 (4) It +不及物动词+ that从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓 语动词要用虚拟语气”(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that-It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,.

24、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句 表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾 语。1 .由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正 式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的Ihal不可省。例如:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others

25、 are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意： 在 demand、order suggestdecide insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should） +动词原形”。例如：I insist that she （should） do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops （should） set off at once. 司令员命令部 队马上出发。2 . 用 wh

26、o, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever; whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语 序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热 情的支持。2 .用wheth

27、er或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持 陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在以下情况下一般 只能用whether,不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有 足够的钱。3

28、 .注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句 子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：he studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）I know （that） he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998.（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句那么要用相应的过去时态, 如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理

29、，科学 原理，自然现象，那么从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否认性宾语从句中，要把上述 主句中的动词变为否认式。即将从句中的否认形式移到主句中。例如：We don t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don? t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。3 .表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的 关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连

30、系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为: 主语+系动词+ that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn5 t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。 例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by

31、one minute this morning.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可 用于同位语从句的名词有 advice demand、doubt fact hope、idea、information messagenews order problempromisen question requests suggestiontruth% wish、word 等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人 激动。I have no idea when he will come

32、 back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生 病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时 可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句 子成分，一般不能省略。试比拟下面两个例句：I had no idea that you were here. （that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea （that） this book gives yo

33、u of life in ancient Greece? （that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句专项练习100题1. His success was because of he had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact that D. the fact“Is Mary from New York City” I don*t knowB. from what city she comeA. from what city does she come fromC. what city does she come

34、 fromC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD.Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I gotI got5. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. if6. Henry killed the dog.

35、 Ill ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he didhas done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know.D. thatD. forD. heA. how he is getting alongB. how is he getting alongmakes mistakes must correct them.C. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along8. It is generally con

36、sidered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever whenever 9. He asked me with me.A. what is the troubleC. what was the matter10.1 am sure he said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. whicheverD.B. what wrong wasD. what trouble it isC. of thatD. thatwhatWhen and why he came here yet.A.

37、 is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D.have not beewonder how much.A. does the watch costB. did the watch costC. the watch costedD. the watch costs13. Mary is someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid aboutC. afraid thatD. afraid for14.is no reason for dismissing her.B. Owing to a

38、 few minutesD. Being a few minutes lateA. Because she was a few minutes latelateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateThey came to the conclusion by a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things bedoneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can b

39、edone15. Why the explosion occurred was the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. thatdont doubt hell come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”一“Well, I fbrget 1 was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the r

40、oom D. what room was itOutput is now six times it was before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of whichMary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she

41、earns21.surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play theviolin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.whichWe gave him help we could.A. which B. whatC. thatD. thisShe is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. thatB. which24. Excuse me would you

42、please tell me A. when the sports meet is taken place to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin place25. Do you happen to knowA. what size shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes26. This book will show you canC. all whatD. all that8. when is the sports meet goingD. when the sports meet is

43、 to takeB. how big shoes he wearsD. what number shoes are hisbe used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observedWhere do you thinkA. has he gone B. has he beenC. hes goneD. was he27. Do you knowA. how many populations

44、there arc in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see29. Would you go and seeoutsideA. what to take placeB. what Tom has happenedC. what is happeningD. what the matter had been30. The

45、 subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is.31.A. whatB. interestingI think he is Charles.C. What is interesting D. IA. Who do you think he isB. Who do you think he isC. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Whom do you think he isE. Do you think who he is32. He d

46、idnt know which roomininA. they livedB. they lived inC. did they liveD. did they live33. The little boy ate33. The little boy atehis mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. no matterwhatThe city is no longerA. what it isB. that it used to be C. which it wasD. what it usedto beto be35. My parent

47、s usedthey had to get a new car for me.36.37.A. whichB. thatwe go swimming every dayA. If.doB. That.dowas the ideaC. whatus a lot of good.C. If.doesthe wife thought ofD. all whatD. That.doesA. What.that B. That.whatC. How.whyD. Why.how.did he tell his wife he wished to doA. That.what B. What.thatC. Where.whichD.Which. where. One of the men held