高中英语 2022届术科生英语课—话题10：科普知识与现代技术—题型专练.docx

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1、话题10:科普知识与现代技术-题型专练阅读（2020年全国I卷D）The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, em

2、ployees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. T

3、hese include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they,re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every dayj explained Michael Strano, a prof

4、essor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow （发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a

5、 start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The

6、 engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch“ where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）-such as the distance from a power plant to street

7、lamps on a remote highwaya lot of energy is lost during transmission （传输）.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benef

8、its from green plants.2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants9 lack of water.B. To change compositions of plants.C. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.3. What can wc expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.

9、 They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing

10、plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?阅读高频词语conduct进行；实施remove移开；除去workplace工作场所diverse多种多样的function 功能sensor传感器detect查明；发现chemical化学的；化学品self-powered自供电的spray喷；倾泻be exposed to 曝露fade变淡；逐渐消失one-off绝无仅有的事物； 一次性的；独特的productive高产的;富有成 效的composition 构

11、成； 作文； 作曲account for对做出解释；说明的原因；导致;（比例）占长难句分析The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） have taken it a step further-changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto the

12、ir leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.（2020年山东卷D）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing

13、research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份，its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were indivi

14、dually invited into a lab to ostensibly （外表上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she

15、wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the s

16、econd test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social

17、environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the Ill have what shes having” effect. However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the res

18、ults of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?1. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles“ in paragraph 1 ref

19、er to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.3. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep

20、 her weight down.4. On what basis do we adjust the influence“ according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.阅读高频词语consumption消费； 消耗companion同伴；陪护contrary to 与相反appetite 胃口；欲望grab攫取，抓住；吃participant 参力者weigh称 的重

21、量；权衡significantly显著地，相当数量地influential有影响力的keep slim保持苗条basis基础,要素perceive理解;发觉长难句分析And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份* its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.（2020年浙江C）Challenging work that requir

22、es lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and asse

23、ssed the volunteers5 memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the be

24、st on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive （认矢口） function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants9 overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise,“ says Francisca

25、Then, who led the study. “ After a long run, you may feel like youre in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at worksure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”Its not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, then p

26、oints out. A waiters job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating （协调） J she says. You have to organize the activities of the childre

27、n and take care of the bills and groceries.Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.1. Why did the scientists ask the v

28、olunteers to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B. To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.2. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in Paragraph 4?A. By using an experts words.B. By making a comparison.C. By referring to anoth

29、er studyD. By introducing a concept3. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB. Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age阅读高频词语grocery杂货店gather聚集；召集assess评价；估计

30、corporate公司的;共同的tend to do倾向于做某事decline下降；拒绝challenging jobs 有挑战的工作at a much slower rate 以慢得多的速度analytical thinking 分析思维overall health status 总体健康状况account for对做出解祥；说明,的原因；导stimulating使人兴奋的；饶有趣味致；（比例）占的；充满新思想的demanding jobs 费力的工作长难句分析Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planni

31、ng and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.A waiters job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work.阅读理解一答案:1.D2.A3.C4

32、.C阅读理解二答案:1.D2.D3.A4.C阅读理解三答案:1.D2.B3.CAssignmentPassage 112020 天津 CFor people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their

33、knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer cant let him get away. He pulls out a special device, p

34、oints it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device（LRAD,远程定向声波发射器）.It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only

35、into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Lets say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming（哼唱）a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go c

36、razy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of

37、waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights（聚光灯）are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; si

38、milarly, “spotsound creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowingcustomers more contro

39、l over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.46. What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A. It causes temporary hearing loss.B. It slows down a running man.C. It makes it easy to identify

40、 a suspect.D. It keeps the suspect from hurting others.47. The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to.A. silence the people around youB. remove the sound of commercialsC. block the incoming sound wavesD. stop unwanted sound from affecting you48. What feature do spotsounds and spotlights s

41、hare?A. They travel in circles.C. They can be transformed into energy.49. Directed sound can be used forA. creative designs of restaurant menusC. different choices of music for businessesB They clear the atmosphere.D. They can be directed onto a specific area.B ideal sound effects on the theater sta

42、geD. strict control over any suspicious customer50. What does the passage focus on?A. How professionals invented sound products.B. Inventions in the field of sound technology.C. The growing interest in the study of sound.D. How sound engineers work in their studios.阅读高频词语definitely确切地；明显地engineer工程师

43、weapon 武器studio录音至；工作至phenomenon 现象target目标professional 专业人士incoming进来的cancel抵消commercial 商业的temporarily 暂时地analyze 分析share sth. with sb. 与某人提供某物function 功能 n.；发挥功能V.deafen使聋;变聋 deafening震耳欲聋的chase追赶；追逐device装置；设备suspect嫌疑人;猜想deadly致命的switch开关hunger for 渴望be based on以基石出pull out离开，撤离；拔出get rid of摆脱；

44、除去长难句分析In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.过去，音响工程师们在录音室的幕后工作，但如今，许多音响专家以“声音”现象为基础

45、，与 其他领域的专业人士提供自己的知识和经验，创造出新的产品。Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.餐厅可以在菜单上提供多种食物选择的同时，提供多种音乐选择，让顾客能够更好地控制用餐的气氛。【答案】46. A47. D48. D49. C50. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的创

46、造创造，包括声音可以用 作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。46 .推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以 至于它会使

47、人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵， 但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。应选A。47 .细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on point it at the target, and your

48、peace and quiet comes back.“可知，它 的功能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。只要翻开 机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来。由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影 响你的设备。应选D。48 .细节理解题。根据最后一段中的A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a 6spotsound creates a circle of sound in one targeted area,”可知,聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个 局部；类似地，一个spotsound”在一个目标区域创立一个声音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和 聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域，应选Do.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly,spo