名校版高考语法单项填空题的解题技巧.docx

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1、名校版高考语法单项填空题的解题 技巧-句子的基本特征：-）简单句：英语中的简单句的最大特征就是每个句子中有且只有一 个谓语动词，省略句和并列谓语除外，并列谓语之间至少是最后两个之 间要加连词。1 .some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. （ NMET2000年春季北京，23 ）A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried根据句意，可以看出破折号之前应该是一个表示建议的句子，要用祈使 句来表达，所以答案是B。2 . Old Mcdonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon t

2、ohis old days. （ NMET2000 年春季北京,9 ）A. retured B.returns C. was returning D. had returned该题是考查时态的题目，但对连词but的关注可以降低该题的难度，因 为but连接的应该是与gave up并列的谓语，其形式应该保持一致, 所以答案是A。A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out在问答句的题目中，问什么答什么是一条解题的基本原那么，因此，完整 的答句应该是 You should find out the main idea of each p

3、aragraph.,根据语境省略的原那么，我们可以把you should省略，所 以答案是Co2 .What do you think made Mary so upset?her new bicycle.（1997 上海）A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing该题与上题的解题方法是一样的，只是该空缺少的是主语，四个选项中 能充当主语的只有C ,完整的句子是,I think losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.Mum, why do you always make me eat

4、an egg every day?enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. （1999,上海）A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting通过同样的分析我们可以确定该句的完整形式应是I always make you eat an egg everyday （in order for you ） to get enough.所以该句 应该用不定式做目的状语，答案为C。3 . The bell the end of the period rang,our heateddiscussion.（

5、2001 上海,39）A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interruptingC. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted从题干上可以看出，该句的谓语动词是rang,其前后都没有连词，所以 要填的两个局部都不可能是谓语动词，再从语态上加以分析，the bell 与indicate and interrupt之间都是主动关系，所以要用现在分词,该 题的答案是A。二）复合句：两个分句之间有且只有一个连词，逗号不能连接两个分 句。1 . All the preparation for th

6、e task, and were ready to start. （NMET2000年春季北京,19 ）A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed该题不是仅仅靠句子的基本特征就能解决的问题，因为它牵扯到了动词 的时态和语态的问题，但是连词and的作用也是不可忽视的，该连词 说明了前面应该是一个完整的句子，综合考虑答案是Do如果将该题稍微改动一下，即把连词and去掉，前半局部就不可能再是一个完整的句子，而只能是一个独立主格结构作状语，所以答案是Ao.it with me and Ill see wha

7、t I can do. （NMET 1998）A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave从and的作用上可以看出，and之前只能是一个不带连词的句子,因 此When引导的省略句分词短语和If从句都不合适所以答案为D。2 .and Ill get the work finished. （2006 重庆）A. Have one more hour B. One more hourC. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour该句与上题很相似，但难度有所增加，因为从and的作用上可以看出， 分词

8、短语和if从句都不合适，可A项却是祈使句，经过语意分析，不 难发现A项尽管形式正确，但have表达有这一意义时，是不能用 于祈使句的，该题牵扯到特殊用法，即在这类条件与结果并存的并列句 中，我们可以用一个名词短语替代祈使句，所以答案是B。4 . There are two buildings,stands nearly a hundred feet high.（2004 湖北）A . the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which从复合句的特征分析，一眼便可看出A和B都不正确。如果选C

9、 , that 引导的是一个定语从句,two buildings和the larger one便失去了必 要的连接手段，再根据定语从句解题的基本原那么代入原那么”即把 先行词带到从句中便可看出实际要表达的意思是the larger of the two buildings,所以答案 Do. Jim passed the driving test,surprised everybody in the office. （ 2005 浙江）a） which B. that C. this D. it该题与上题十分相似，C和D都不对,而that是不能引导非限制性定 语从句的，所以答案是A。6 . Ha

10、ve you seen the film “Titanic” ,leading actor is world famous.（2001 上海）A. its B. its C. whose D. which该题像第3题一样根据复合句的基本特征和定语从句的代入原那么”， 答案是Co.is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.（2001 全国高考）A. It B. As C. That D. What 通过分析可以看出，该句缺少一个连词，这个连词应该替代后一个句子 的含义和内容，并在从句中做主语，

11、所以答案是Bo这种考查as引导 非限制性定语从句的用法和it的区别的题目在高考中是常见的。但是该 题稍加变动便可成为与之相关的另外两个题目：7a.is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.7b.is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.经过类似的分析便可以看出7a的答案是A ,即用It作形式主语，而 7b的答案是D ,因为，该句有三个分句组成，应有两个连词。7 . I

12、 was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany.（2006 辽宁）A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom该题采取了将简单句和复合句的特征相结合的考查方式，从there were . students Chinese in the school 来看，只能用非谓语动 词，所以应在C和D中选择一个；从逗号后面的句子来看应用一个连 词，所以

13、应在A和D中选择，综合分析该题的答案是Do 二.句子的层次分析与句子成分的还原: 如上文所述，英语中的句子是按照较为固定的顺序以意群为层次将词和 词组排列起来的语言单位，因此，掌握意群的划分，便可明确句子的结 构，将变化后的某些句子成份还原至原来的位置，这样就可有效防止不 必要的干扰，提高解题的准确性。1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to someschools for poor children. （ 2001 ,上海）A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set

14、up该题如果把he had to看成一个意群的话，必然会出现错误，实际上， he had仅是一个定语从句，修饰all,一起充当devote的宾语,构成 devote sth. to doing结构，再者，后面的动作set up是将要发生的 而非完成的，所以答案是B。2 . the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（2003,上海）A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presid

15、ents attending通过分析可以看出该句缺少主语，再根据该题选项的提示，A和C是句 子，不管时态是否正确，它们都不可能是正确答案，因为作主语时连词 that是不能省略的；B项的这种不定式形式是不能作主语的；所以只能 用D ,即动名词的复合结构作主语。3. The manager discussed the plan that they would like tosee the next year.（2000,全国）A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outhave many friends,some are b

16、usinessmen.（2005,全国）A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 5. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,five are mine. （ 2005 ,全国）A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which以上三题的解题方法是非常相似的，只要把先行词有效地放进从句中, 就可看出答案。第3题把plan放进从句中便构成了 see sth. done型, 因此答案是C ;第4题应是some of my friends,两句之间

17、应有一个连 词，所以答案是D ;第5题是five of the eleven books,所以答案是 CO上述解决定语从句的方法本人把它称作代入原那么，即确定了两句 构成了一个含有定语从句的主从复合句之后，我们便可以把先行词代入能直接代入的就要用某一个关系代词，不能直接代入的一般有三种情况：关系副词，介词加关系代词或关系代词whose。例如：6 . Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited threemonths ago.（2005,北京）A. where B. when C. that D. what该句中我们可以把the chick

18、en farm直接用作visited的宾语，所以答家是Co. We are living in an age many things are done oncomputer.（2003,北京）A. which B. that C. whose D. when该题中的后半句缺少的是时间状语,an age不可能直接放进去作状语, 所以答案是Do. American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently.（2004,上海）A. who B. as C. about which D. w

19、ith whom该题题干的后半句应该是talk towith sb.所以答案是Do7 . George Orwell, was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.（2004,北京） A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name该空缺少的是一个能作定语的关系代词，所以答案是D。该种分析方法还可以用来解决一些借助于定语从句考查其它知识的题 目,例如：8 . The festival the children had been

20、looking forward to atlast.A. come B. coming C. came D. has come. The theory you referred to to be wrong.A. prove B. proving C. proved D. had proved上述两题都是借助于定语从句和to所形成的干扰来考查时态的，通过 分析可以看出这两句都缺少一般过去时的谓语动词，所以答案都是Co三.句子成分的补全：省略句是英语实际运用的过程中的常见现象，在解题过程中，我们可以 依据一定的规律将省略句补全便可得出正确答案。1 .What should we do with the passage? （ 2005 重庆）the main idea of each paragraph.