英语重点词汇those和ones等用法详解.docx

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1、英语重点词汇those和ones等用 法详解-The cars made in Germany are more expensive than made in Japan.-Yes, you are right. But theyre much better.A. those B. that C. ones D. it【易错选项】选C【易错原因】分不清ones和those的区别。【正确答案】A【试题解析】句意为：德国制造的汽车比日本制造的汽车贵。”是的, 你说得对。但是它们好得多。指代前面提到的可数名词复数cars,且 有made in Japan限定，表示特指，故用thoseoone,one

2、s,that,those在比较结构中的用法辨析例句：(1) These books are rather difficult for me. Please get me some easier ones.【试题解析】句意为：亲爰的，请你给我打开电脑好吗？我想查看我的 电子邮件。当然可以，我马上给你开机。turn on 打开；turn down 调低；turn off 关闭 ；turn up 调高。关于turn的短语：1、turn off关掉；关上；关；拐弯；关闭；拐弯，使转变方向；不 再听；不再想；使厌烦；使失去兴趣turn off the light 关上灯The jet began to

3、turn off the main runway.那架喷气式飞机开始拐出主跑道。I couldnt understand the lecture so Ijust turned off.我听不懂讲课，所以也就不听了。People had been turned off by both candidates in the election.大选中的两位候选人都让人觉得扫兴。2、turn up开大；出现；来到；找至；竖起Could you turn the TV up?你能把电视机的音量开大些吗?The music was turned up loud.音乐的音量开大了。Our efforts t

4、o trace him turned up nothing.我们辛辛苦苦跟踪他，却无功而返。Finally, he turned up on Christmas Eve with her girlfriend.他终于 在圣诞前夜和他女朋友一起出现了。He turned up the collar of his coat and hurried out into the rain.他竖起大衣领子，冒雨匆匆走了。3、turn down关小;调低;拒绝;调小;掀开She turned down the blankets and climbed into bed.她掀开毯子爬上床去。Please tu

5、rn the volume down.请把音量调低些。I sent her a gift on her birthday, but she turned me down.她生日 那天我送了她一个礼物，但她拒绝了我。4. turn over移交；翻过来；仔细考虑；翻身 5、turn back回来;折回;翻过来；往回走；回去继续做什么；回 到之前的状态Once you move out, theres no turning back.一旦你搬出去了 ,就 再也回不来了。6、turn around转身;转向；转过身；转圈Turn around and let me look at your back

6、.转过身去让我看看你的后背。I turned my chair round to face the fire.我把椅子转过来面向火炉。7S turn on sb突然攻击The dogs suddenly turned on each other.那两条狗突然互相撕咬了起来。Why are you all turning on me (= criticizing or blaming me) ?你们怎么突然都冲我来了 ？turn on sth依靠；依而定;取决于;以为主题Much turns on the outcome of the current peace talks.事情主要取决于当前和

7、谈的结果。The discussion turned on the need to raise standards.这次讨论的主要议题是提高标准的必要性。turn sb-on使X兴奋；使感兴趣Jazz has never really turned me on.我对爵士乐从未真正产生过兴趣。She gets turned on by men in uniform.她看到穿制服的男人就欲火攻心。turn on the heating打开供热系统III turn the television on.我来打开电视机。8、Turn time等泊时间;回合时间;等泊时候;转换时间9、Spot turn原

8、地转身；点转；原地转；定点转lO.in turn轮流,依次.turn away避开解雇;不准入内把打发走;走开;转过脸， 扭过脸去They had nowhere to stay so I couldnt turn them away.他们无处安身，所以我不能把他们打发走。11 .turn into v.变成;进入，拐进Our dream holiday turned into a nightmare.我们梦想的假日变成了一场噩梦。In one year she turned from a problem child into a model student.一年内，她从问题儿童变成了模范学生

9、。turninto把松开到，把放进They turned the horse into the field.他们把马松开放到牧场里。12 .turn on打开，发动.turn over移交给；翻阅；把.翻过来；发动;营业额达到；反复考 虑13 .your turn轮至U你;该你了.turn of the century世纪之交；19世纪与20世纪转换交替时期；14 .by turns轮流；交替. turn to do转过头来做什么事turn to向求助（或寻求指教等）She has nobody she can turn to.她求助无门。15 . turns to the left 向左拐.

10、 turned to sth想起什么;翻到,His thoughts turned to his dead wife.他想起了自己已故的妻子。Turn to p.23.翻到第23页。16 . turn against sbturn sb against sb（使）与反目成仇，变得敌对She turned against her old friend.她与老朋友翻脸了。After the divorce he tried to turn the children against their mother.他离婚后企图教唆子女反对他们的母亲。17 .turnin把扭送（到警察局）；使自首；交还，退

11、还（不再需 要的东西）；上交She threatened to turn him in to the police.她扬言要把他交给警方。He decided to turn himself in.他决定到警察局去自首。You must turn in your pass when you leave the building.你离开大楼时必须交还通行证。They turned in a petition with 80 000 signatures.他们递交了一份有8万人签名的请愿书。I havent even turned in Mondays work yet.我连星期一的作业还没交呢。

12、这些书对我来说太难了，请给我一些容易的（书）。（2 ） You needn1 t give books to those/the ones who have got it.你不必把书给那些已拿的人。（3） Weather here is much hotter than that in Beijing.这儿的天气比北京的（天气）热多了。（4） This TV set is much more expensive than that/the one in the windowo这台电视机比橱窗里的那台（电视机）贵多了。解析：在比较结构中，为了避免重复，常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。 可以这

13、样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有。ne ,ones ,that和those。I .替代词one和ones的用法：1 . one只能替代单数名词，必须带有一个限定或修饰词，指同类不同 个（另一个同类物品）o 如 this one,that one,the one, a green one, either one,the same one,等。My child doesnt like this book . Show her a more interesting one. one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。它也必须带有一个限定 或修饰词,如 these ones, those ones,

14、the ones, some interesting ones指另一些同类的物品，这是替代词one或ones在用法上的一个 重要特征。例如：I dont like these books . Id like some more interesting ones .我不喜欢这些书。我想要一些更有趣的书。2 .当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时，它们前面总有定冠词。 例如：Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before .我们的新磁带比以前的贵。3 .当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如 t

15、his , that, which和序数词等之后,可以省略。one作代词，代替前 面提到的人或物，以避免重复。此时one只能代替可数名词，其复数 形式为 ones。one 或 ones 用于 this ,that,these , those ,either, neither或形容词最高级后面时，常常可以省略。The new designs are much better than the old ones .这些新设计 比那些旧的好得多。I think my dog is the fastest( one ).我想我的狗是跑得最快的一条。This book is much better tha

16、n that( one ).这本书比那本好得多。4 .替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不 可说 my one ( s ) , your one ( s ) , Peters one ( s )等等。one 或 ones也不能用在own之后。但是，如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。 如：My cheap camera seems to be just as good as Johns expensive one .我的廉价照相机似乎和约翰的昂贵照相机一样好。5 .当两个形容词表示对照的意思时，不能使用替代词one。仅在其中 一个形容词后加上名

17、词即可。例如：Dont praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.不要在长者面前表扬年幼的孩子。6 .替代词one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词, 又没有形容词时，便不是替代名词词组的中心词，而是替代整个名词词 组。这时，one二a +单数名词。例如:A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice . ( one = a cake )小麦做的蛋糕比大米做的蛋糕便宜。one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个，相当一个不定冠词，因 此它没有复数形式。要泛指

18、复数事物，只能用someo例如：Here are a few apples .Would you like some( = some of them ) ?这儿有几个苹果。你想要一些吗？II .替代词that和those的用法:1 . that和those通常用作代词，也可用作替代词。代替上文中出现的 名词,它表示与前面同类的东西。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语， 分别等于 that=the one 和 those=the oneso 例如：The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.小麦的价格比大米高。The houses of the r

19、ich are generally larger than those of the poor.富人的房子一般比穷人的大。2 . that也可替代不可数名词，但是the one则不能。例如：The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one .较粗电线的电阻小于较细电线的电阻。以上两例中的that都不能换成the oneothe one用来指代同类事物中特指的另一个，可与that替换.如：This story is not so interesting as the one / that we heard last

20、night.这个故事不如我们昨晚听到的那一个有趣。另外,that可代替上文中全句的内容,it和one则不能如：He will ask me to lend him some money and I can t do that.他问我借点钱，可我不能借。We see him when he comes to town,but that isn t often.他进城时我们能见到他，但是这种情况不常有.3 .that作替代词，只能指物，不能指人。those作替代词，既可指物, 也可指人。那些的人，那些的物。例如：The blonde girl I saw was older than the on

21、e you were dancing with .我看到的那个金发女孩比和你跳舞的那个女孩年纪大。Moral values in America are like those in any culture.美国的道德价值观和任何文化中的道德价值观都是一样的。In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden .在那些日子里，他们的生活比负重的野兽还要糟糕。在该句中，前面出现的词组为a life，但that替代的却是the life0The students in our class work harder t

22、han those in their class.我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。由one构成的常用短语和固定结构：one by one （一个一个地），as one 一致；一齐one or two （一两个；很少的）a hundred and one 很多ones and twos三三两两地one after the other / one after another （一个接一个）for one thing . . .foranother（首先 再者；一方面另一方面）o. There are still one or two problems to be settled .仍然有一两

23、 个问题需要解决。1 .1 cant travel this summer .For one thing ,1m short of money ; for another, I have not much spare time .今年夏天我不能旅游了。首先，我缺钱；再者，我也没有太多的空余时 间。one作人称代词可以笼统地指任何人、某一伙人中的一个人或说话人。 当one笼统地指任何人时，其用法相当于you指代任何人。在书面语 中,one比you更常见。1 . One cant succeed without working hard .一个人不努力工作是 不会成功的。2 . He is the

24、 one who never troubles about personal interests .他 是一个从不计较个人利益的人。3 .It seems that the fifth man is one John Cairncross.第五位好像是一个名叫约翰凯恩克罗斯的人。柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典. Subaru is one of the smallest Japanese car makers.斯巴鲁是日本最小的汽车制造商之一。-Could you the computer for me, dear? I want to check mye-mails.-Certainly, III do it right away.A. turn on B. turn downC. turn off D. turn up【易错选项】选D【易错原因】未掌握动词turn+介词/I4词短语的含义。【正确答案】A