延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换(现在完成时).docx

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1、be away, keep, have,be on, be dead,keep sth. open, be ill,be up, have a cold, be here, be there, be, be back, be in/at延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与 非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连

2、用。表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间，如：for 2 years;since 从句， 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点 名词，如 since last year, since 5 days ago.例：He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的 动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。非延

3、续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;例：He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换: 例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes. 这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。 也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的, 要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。 下面是一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词，须牢记。leave - borrow - buy 一 begin/s

4、tart die finish -be over,join be in+组织机构,be a member of+组织机构, open sth. fall ill get up- catch a cold - come here - go there become come back come to 练习：fall asleep -be asleepget to/ arrive/reach 一be (in)leave be away fromget to know knowgo (get) out be outgo to sleep -sleepput on 一wearcatch a cold

5、have a cold1. The old man died 4 years ago.-The old man for 4 years.2. He joined the Party 2 years ago.He the Party for 2 years.3. I bought the book 5 days ago.一 I the book for 5 days.现在完成时（一）现在完成时是教材中的一个重点语法工程，下面我们就来学习它 的构成。1.现在完成时的基本句式是“have （has） +过去分词”。如： I have seen that film.我已经看过那部影片了。 We hav

6、e just finished our homework.我们刚刚做完家庭作业。 She has gone home.她回家去了。注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have （has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或了”等。2.现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语 之前。如： Have you read this story book yet?你读过这本故事书吗？ Has he eaten that apple yet?他吃那个苹果了吗？注意：

7、1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“过 吗？ ”、“还有吗？ ”等。3）其肯定回答用：Yes, . . . have （ has ）.否认回答用： No,. havent （hasnt）.有时用：No, not yet.或 No, never.3.现在完成时的否认句式是“have （has） +过去分词”。如: We havent studied Unit 2 yet.我们还没学习第二单元。 The train hasnt stopped yet.火车还没有停下来。注意：1）现在完成时的否认句句末往往加yeto2）否认句常译为“还没有

8、”等。现在完成时（二）现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have you read that story?你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故 事的内容）I have bought two apples.我买了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹 果）在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副 词：already9 just, yet, ever, never 等。already, just 多用 于肯定句中，yet, ever, never多用于疑问句和否认句中。如：I ha

9、ve already finished my homework.我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal.他刚吃过饭。Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌 吗？They havent started yet.他们还没有动身。We have never heard of it.我们从来没有听说过这件事。现在完成时（三）.现在完成时态既涉及过去，又联系现在，它可表示动作或状 态过去已经开始一直延续到现在，和由for或since引导的时间 状语连用。例如：We have lived here for five y

10、ears.我们在这里住了五年了。I have known him since he was a boy.我从他还是个孩子的时 候就认识他了。注意：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发 生的事对现在造成的影响；一般过去时指过去发生的事实。请看 下面对话中一般过去时和现在完成时的不同。A： Have you seen the film? B： Yes, I have.A： When did you see it? B： I saw it a year ago.1 .延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。（1）延续性动词：be, have, know, live, work,

11、study, learn9 teach, speak, talk, draw, wait, wear, walk, sleep 等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years.王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。（2）非延续性动词：come, go, arrive, reach9 see, hear, close, leave9 begin, start, lose, buy, falb join, die 等， 这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能 和表示一段时间的状语连用。例

12、如：IE The play has begun.戏开演了。（戏正在演着）【误】The play has begun for half an hour.戏开演半小时了。2 .非延续性动词表示状态有三种方法：（1）用相应的延续性动词来替换非延续性动词。句中的谓语动 词一般用现在完成时，时间状语为“for +时间段”或“since +时 间点（过去某一时刻或非延续性动词的一般过去时从句）”或用在 how long的问句中。例如：They have been here for five years.他们来这里已经五年了。（这 里come这一非延续性动词改成了 be。）常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换

13、如下：（2）用“非延续性动词的一般过去时+一段时间+ago”这一句型 （即用一般过去时）。例如：They came here five years ago.他 们是五年前来这里的。(3)用“It is (has been) +时间段+since从句(从句的谓语动 词用非延续性动词的过去式)”这一句型。例如：It is five years since they came here.自从他们来到这里已经有 五年了。现在完成时与中考题选择填空。1. I a letter from him since he left.A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt h

14、ave D. havent heard一Where have you these days? I haveDalian with my friends.A. been； gone B. been； been C. gone； been D. gone； gone 3. How long have you this book?A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lentWheres Peter? He to Nanjing.A. is going B. has been C. has gone D. wentYouve never seen such a wonder

15、ful film before, ?A. haven*t you B. have you C. do you D. dont youWe have lived here five years ago.A. when B. since C. before D. afterI have watched the game. When you it?A. have； watched B. do； watch C. did； watch D. w川；watch 8. How do you like Beijing, Mr Black? 一Oh, I sucha beautiful city.A. don

16、t visit B. didnt visit C. havent visited D. hadnt visited 9. The old people lonely at all since we began to visitthem once a week.A. dont feel B. hasnt felt C. havent felt D. didnt feelMy grandfather in the small town all his life. He always says he likes the town.A. lived B. have lived C. has lived

17、 D. is livingMiss Brown to the Great Wall twice.A. have been B. has been C. have gone D. has gone 12. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice hecame to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. forHis grandpa for two years.A. was died B. has been dead C. was dead D. has diedHave you ever to Haikou?一Yes, I there with my family last August.A. gone; went B.been; went C.been; went to D.been; was in 15. His sister her hometown for three years. Shellreturn next year.A. left B. has left C. has been away D. has been away from(Key： 15BBCCB 610BCCCC 1115BCBBD)