2021-2022学年湖南省长沙市第一中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2021-2022-1长沙市一中高二上第一次月考英语时量：120分钟总分值：150分第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）略第二局部阅读（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（共11小题;每题2.5分，总分值27.5分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最正确选项。Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don9t listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I grad

2、uated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management （机组资源 管理），or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen

3、 and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending （主治的）doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy b

4、ecause of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear （起落架）down. He was a better pilot and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, We need to put the landing gear down now!” That was my first real lesson in the

5、power of CRM, and Ive used it in operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctor from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the ope

6、rating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they7re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.1. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when.A. he saved the plane by speaking upB. he

7、 was in charge of a flying task C. his boss landed the plane too lateD. his boss operated on a patient 2. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means. A. following flying requirementsB. overreacting to different opinions C. listening to what fellow doctors sayD. making a mistake that may co

8、st lives 3. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. A Pilot Turned Doctor 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在慈善意识月期间，这家卫生纸公司把他们的产品做成了粉红 色，每笔销售利润的一局部用来帮助有需要的人。A. goods货物；B.proce

9、dures程序； C.costs 本钱；D.profits 利润。由本句with a part of each sales 3_helping the people in need.推知是卖出的利润局部来做慈善；应选D项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她用她最甜美的请求来乞求我。A.cried哭泣；B.begged乞求； C.lied 撒谎；D.challenged 挑战。由上文And my daughter simply had to have it.，/ 可知作者 女儿非常想要这个，因此乞求作者；应选B项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，我满足了她的请求，解释说厕纸被做

10、成粉色是为了唤起 人们的善良意识，我们支付的一些钱是用来帮助别人的。A.refused拒绝；B.ignored忽略； C.met满足；D.avoided防止。由“Of course （当然）”可知作者是满足了女儿的请求;应 选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，我满足了她的请求，解释说厕纸被做成粉色是为了唤起 人们的善良意识，我们支付的一些钱是用来帮助别人的。A.intend打算；B.raise唤起； C.teach 教授； D.sell 卖。由本句 “some of the money we were paying was going towards helping other

11、s/可知购置厕纸付出的一些钱将被拿去帮助需要的人，这是一个慈善活动， 公开做这个慈善活动的目的一般是为了唤起人们的善良意识，到达宣传和鼓励人们做慈善 的作用；应选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她无法抑制自己的兴奋，不停地说，当她把自己的珍宝分享 给其他家庭成员时，他们会是多么冲动。A.thrilled非常冲动的；B.disappointed失望的；C fortable 舒适的；D.lucky 幸运的。由本句 “ She could not contain her excitement and talked on and on about how the rest of the

12、family would be when she shared her with them. 可矢 11作者女儿不能掩饰自己的兴奋，因为她太喜欢这个了，故她认为她将这个与家庭其他成员 分享时，他们应该也会非常冲动；应选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她无法抑制自己的兴奋，不停地说，当她把自己的珍宝分享给 其他家庭成员时，他们会是多么冲动。A.money金钱；B.idea想法；C.treasure珍宝； D.awareness意识。由上文She could not contain her excitement可知作者女儿的心情是非 常冲动的，推知作者女儿肯定将它视为珍宝；应选C项。2

13、5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：出去的时候，她又给收银员讲述了她能记得的关于彩色厕纸的 意义。A.usage 用法；B.price 价格；C.misunderstanding 误解；D.meaning 意义。由第一段最 后 “Of course I_5her request, explaining that it was pink to_6awareness of kindness and that some of the money we were paying was going towards helping others/7 可知作者跟女儿解 释过了这种粉色厕纸的意义；由本句中“re

14、told重述）可推知作者的女儿又将她所记得 的粉色厕纸的意义跟收银员又说了一遍，因为她女儿得到这个厕纸是很冲动的，重述一遍 厕纸的意义恰恰也是反响这点；应选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的热情在其他顾客中传播开来，那天早上又有几个包裹穿过 结账台。A.families 家庭；B.cashiers 收银员；C.papermakers 造纸者;D.customers 顾客。由 本句 “Her passion spread among the other, and several more packages the checkouts thatmorning.可知提到了又有几个包裹和

15、结账台；由文章第一段“when I took her to go grocery shopping with me one day/7可知作者那天是带女儿去购物的，周边肯定有其他顾客；应选 D项。【27题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她的热情在其他顾客中传播开来，那天早上又有几个包裹 穿过结账台。A.got caught in 陷入；B.went through 穿过；Cbroke into 闯入；D.fell off 从落下。由本句 “Her passion spread among the other_10, and several morepackages_11the checkou

16、ts that morning.可知提到了又几个包裹和结账台，故本处表达 的是包裹穿过结账台结账；应选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我女儿亲自把那堆厕纸搬进屋里，然后拖到楼上，考虑到那个 包裹和她一样高，这是一个了不起的成就。A.accomplishment成就；B.independence独立； C.responsibility 责任；D.expectation 期待。由本句My daughter carried the tower of toilet paper into the house herself and dragged it upstairs, which was

17、 a great _12considering the package stood as tall as she did.可知那个包裹跟作者女儿一样高，而这个孩子把包裹拖到 楼上了，对于一个孩子来说这个是很不容易的，所以对孩子来说这是一个了不起的成就； 应选A项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我走进浴室，发现所有的卷轴都整齐地存放在橱柜 里，形状像一座可爱的城堡。A.neatly整洁地；B.disorderly杂乱地；C.surely稳当地； D.naturally 自然地。由本句 “That evening, I walked into the bathroom to fi

18、nd all the rolls_13stored in the cupboard, in the shape of a lovely castle.”故推知作者女儿将这些厕纸 整洁地放在橱柜里，用心堆成一个可爱的城堡形状；应选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代了固 定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“当我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境中的 人祈祷。A pared比拟；B bined使联合；C.replaced代替；D.mixed混合。由本句 “She began in all seriousness as she ceremon

19、iously_14a half used white roll on the holder with a new pink one, I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are in trouble right now/可知作者女儿严肃地开始一个仪式，即一个动作，并说立刻会想起为那些处于 困境中人所祈祷，她看到那些粉色纸卷的时候才会立即想起来祈祷，推知她这个动作就是 将用过一半的白色纸卷用新的粉色纸卷替换掉了，应选C项。31题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代 了

20、固定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“当我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境 中的人祈祷。A.Incase 以防；B.Now that 既然；C.Only if 只要；D. The instant 就/当时。由本句 “I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are introuble right now/可知作者女儿说她将会立刻想起为处于困境中人祈祷，推知是当用的时 候看到这些粉色卷纸了才会立刻想起去祈祷，故用The instant引导时间状语从句；应选D 项。第二节(共10小题;每题1.5分，总分值15分)阅读下面

21、短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。That Beijing, together with Zhangjiakou, 32 (succeed) in getting the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in 2021, speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City.Word came 33 the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, 34 (locate) in North China, is currently under

22、 construction, and is expected to be completed by 2021 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall three times in the capitaPs territory, the project is a big challenge, 35 designers say the explo

23、sions needed to dig the tunnels will not have an impact on the structure. The line has a 36 (long) of 174km as a double tracked passenger dedicated line(双轨道乘客专线)，with ten stations situated along37 (it)route. Having a 38 (totally) investment of 31.17 billion yuan ($5 billion), the trip between the tw

24、o cities will only take 40 minutes, with the train 39 (travel) at an average of 250 km/h. According to the plan, the high-speed railway will build two branch lines one is to Yanqing Station and the other 40 Taizicheng of Chongli, where the Olympic village lies. The full railway, which includes a 70-

25、kilometer section through Beijing, will be completed in one and 41 half years.【答案】32. succeeded 33. that 34. located35. but 36. length37. its 38. totaltraveling39. to 41. a【解析】【导语I这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了北京和张家口将在2022年联手举办冬奥会，为此将 修建一条从北京到张家口的高速铁路。【32题详解】考查主语从句时态。句意：2021年北京与张家口联手成功获得2022年冬季奥运会主办权，加速了张家口市的开展。本句是T

26、hat引导的主语从句，从句主语是Beijing,空处是从 句的谓语，本处表达的是2021年申奥成功即过去的事，应用一般过去时；故填succeeded。【33题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张高速铁路目前正在建设中，预计 将于2021年完工，为举办2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会做准备。Word came that是常见的同 位语从句句型，对that后面的内容进行解释说明，译为“有消息说，故填that。【34题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张高速铁路目前正在建设中，预计 将于2021年完工，为举办2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会做准备。本处已有谓语came

27、,所以 空处用非谓语，be located in是固定句型，译为“坐落于；此处是用过去分词作后置 定语，修饰先行词 the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway；故填 locatedo【35题详解】考查连词。句意：从北京北站出发，在首都境内向西三次穿越长城，这个工程是一个巨大 的挑战，但设计人员说挖掘隧道所需的爆炸不会对结构产生影响。由上句the project is a big challenge，可知工程是巨大挑战，即施工难度很大；下句designers say the explosions needed to dig the tunnels wil

28、l not have an impact on the structure/可知设计师说不会对结构产 生影响，即有些困难是可以克服的，故推知空处表示转折，故用but。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：该线路作为双轨道乘客专线，全长174公里，它的沿线设有10个车站。 由冠词a可知空处是名词，根据英文提示，故填length。【37题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：该线路作为双轨道乘客专线，全长174公里，它的沿线设 有10个车站。分析句子可知空处表达的是“它的，用形容词性物主代词its作定语限定 名词route；故填itSo【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：总投资311.7亿元（50亿美元），两个城

29、市之间的旅程只需40分钟，火 车平均行驶时速为250公里。空处是形容词，修饰后面的名词investment；根据英文提 示，故填total。【39题详解】考查非谓语。句意：总投资311.7亿元（50亿美元），两个城市之间的旅程只需40分钟，火 车平均行驶时速为250公里。本处使用了 with的复合结构：with+宾语+补语，作状语，此 处用现在分词形式和前面的名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系；根据英文提示，故填traveling。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：根据方案，高铁将建设两条支线，一条到延庆站，另一条到奥运村所在 地崇礼太子城。结合句中 “one is to Yanqing Station a

30、nd the other 9 Taizicheng of Chongli可知空处表示“到，用介词to符合题意，故填t。41题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这条全长70公里、穿越北京的铁路将在一年半内建成。分析句子可 知，“one and half years”表示的是一年半，用固定搭配one and a half years；故填a。第三节（共10小题;每题1分，总分值10分）课文填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。42. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu（refer） to the ancient boo

31、ks of traditional Chinese medicine again.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】referred【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：当他们没有取得任何有希望的结果时，屠呦呦再次查阅了中医 古籍。由failed可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式referred,故填referred。43. The trials on patients were likely（postpone） because they did not have sufficient safety data.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】to be postponed【解析】【详解】考查t

32、。do不定式的被动语态。句意：在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为 他们没有足够的平安性数据。be likely to do意为“可能做某事，为固定搭配。动词 postpone意为“推迟，和主语trials构成被动关系。故填to be postponed0Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines（benefit） to global health care.（所给词 的

33、适当形式填空）【答案】beneficial【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：也许下一代的科学家，汲取传统中医的智慧，确实会发现更 多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。空格处用形容词作后置定语，benefit的形容词是 beneficial,意为“有益的，故填 beneficial。44. Most of his energy（channel） into writing and lecturing.（所给词的适当形式填 空）【答案 1 was channeled【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他的大局部精力都被集中在写作和演讲上。空处缺谓语 动词，根据英文提示，应填channeled； his e

34、nergy与channel之间是被动关系，应用被动语 态；题干表述的事情已经发生，应用一般过去时；由主语his energy可知谓语用单数形 式； 故填 was channeled oEcuador has capitalized its natural beauty to attract tourists.用适当的词填空）【答案】on【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：厄瓜多尔利用其自然美景吸引游客。句中capitalize on为固定 搭配，意为“利用。故填。n。45. Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can

35、provide us.用适当的 词填空）【答案】with【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：科学的另一个价值在于它能给我们带来智力上的享受。provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配,译为“提供某物给某人；本句中the intellectual enjoyment为先 行词，从句“ it can provide us with作定语修饰先行词，引导词在从句中作宾语，可以省 略；故填with。.46. We scientists take for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.（用适当的词填空）【答案】

36、it【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全可能 的。take it for granted认为 理所当然，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故填 itoFood is fundamental to man as the people are to the state.（用适当的词填空）【答案】as【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：国以民为本，民以食为天。本处是as+形容词/副词原级 +as句型，译为“和一样，本句用此句型符合题意；故填as。47. We will talk about a particular type of comfort

37、food power mainly lies in theassociations it calls to mind.（用适当的词填空）【答案】whose【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一种特殊类型的抚慰食品，它的力量主要在于 它能唤起人们的记忆。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是a particular type of comfort food ,空处是引导词，在从句中作定语，表示“它的，用whose；故填whose。48. The sight of him 一 the thought of him - still sent my heart（hum）, but my legs d

38、idnt actually chase after him anymore.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】humming【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是他的眼神他的想法无一不让我的心怦怦乱 跳，但是我没有再粘着他。本处sent是send的过去式，用作使役动词，send+宾语+doing 表示使某人处于做某事的状态中，强调当时正在发生的动作，即使我的心一直在怦怦乱 跳。故填humming。第四局部写作（共两节，总分值40分） 第一节（总分值15分）假定你是李华，你的笔友David下个月将到你校访学一周。他发来邮件，希望你简单 介绍一下当地的早餐。请你用英语给他回封邮件，内容包括：1

39、.表示欢送；.早餐的种类；2 .快捷的早餐受欢送的原因。注意1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear David,1 sincerely welcome you to our school for a weeks learning.1 will briefly introduce something about break-fast in my city to you.To save time, people here tend to have a quick breakfast outside, which contains different kinds of

40、 Chinese traditional food such as porridge, soybean milk and fried bread sticks, Besides, dumplings and steamed buns are also popular. The quick breakfast is convenient and delicious, Whats more, it can be enjoyed on the way to workplace and school, as well as in the house.I think you will love the

41、traditional food.Looking forward to your arrival.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类写作。你的笔友David发来邮件，希望你简单介绍一下当地的早 餐。请你用英语给他回封邮件。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，作文内容应包括：1 .表示欢送；2.早餐的种类；3.快捷 的早餐受欢送的原因。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词组）：sincerely（真诚地）；briefly introduce （简要介 绍）；tend to （趋向）；such as （比方）；soybean milk （豆浆）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词组）进行遣词造句

42、，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主 要应用一般现在时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要标准清 晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言标准，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级 表达方式，如 To save time, people here tend to have a quick breakfast outside, which contains different kinds of Chinese traditional food such as porridge, soybean milk and fried b

43、read sticks. 运用了动词不定式t。save作目的状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句；本文也使用了一 些固定短语，如 tend to, different kinds of, such as, on the way to, as well as 等。全文中没有中 国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次清楚，上下句 转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节（总分值25分）53.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文James Selton was one of the rudest boys in the village whe

44、re he lived: Tf a person in the street was well dressed, he would cry out, “Dandy（花花公子）! If a persons clothes were dirty or torn, he would throw stones at him, and annoy him in every way.One afternoon, just as the school was over, a stranger passed through the village. His dress was plain and somewh

45、at old, but neat and clean. He carried a walking stick in his hand, on the end of which was a parcel, and he wore a round hat.No sooner had James seen the stranger than he winked to his playmates, and said, Now for some fun!” He then silently went toward the stranger from behind, knocked off his hat

46、, and ran away.The man turned and saw him, but James was out of hearing before the man could speak. The stranger put on his hat, and went on his way. Again James approached; but this time, the man caught him by the arm, and held him tightly. However, he contented himself with looking James a moment

47、in the face, and then pushed him away. As soon as the naughty boy found himself free again, he began to throw dirt and stones at the stranger.But James was very frightened when the man was struck on the head by a brick and badly hurt. All the boys ran away, and James slipped across the fields to his

48、 home.As he drew near the house, his sister Caroline came out to meet him, holding up a beautiful gold chain and some new books for him to see. She told James that their uncle, who had been away several years, had come home, and was now in the house; that he had bought beautiful presents for the whole family; that he had left his carriage at the inn, a mile or two off and walked on foot so as to surprise his brother, their father. 注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph. 1She said while he was coming through the village, some wicked boys threw stones at him.Paragraph.2His uncle went u