中考英语首字母填空讲解及练习.docx

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1、首字母填空讲解 如何做好首字母填空题 考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。令 首字母填空特点及中考趋势：1）首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文 内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学 生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。2）从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到 了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常 用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、 精致，字数通常在100150之间。短

2、文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。 短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，如：英国人分期付款购房； 度假回来的路上买家具的小故事；食物对不同年龄段的人的不同影响；被驯化的动 物可以为人们做事情等，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。令 首字母填空的解题方法和技巧：短文填空题失分率较高，其原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于自信，或为 节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适得其反，达不到良好的效果。 因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。 通读全文，了解大意短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳 过空格，尽

3、量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步 的分析与判断。 再读全文，理清脉络通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中找出句与文、句与句、 词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，用已知信息 去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填 好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。 仔细推敲，确保准确词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答 案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案，但忽略了从语法 角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称

4、等有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的 词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语 7 o注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought易误答 成buy； lights易误答成light； reaches易误答成reach; heavier易误答成heavy等。因此， 在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确 复读全文，全面检查答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少 粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、 逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免

5、失分。专项题型解析:例题解析：came out hungry, weak, and t 7（三）Ask people to name a safe place and most will say “Home”. But every year the British Governments survey shows that home can be a d 1 place. Last year 7 British citizens（公民） died while p 2 up their Christmas decorations （装饰）. Over 1,600 needed m 3 help

6、after falling off their chairs. And 70 people had fatal （致死的）a 4 while lying in bed. It is safe to say that n 5 activity is without danger.Some of these accidents are just the risks （冒险）of modern living. We prefer to risk having a washing machine that might hurt us rather than be safe spending hours

7、 cleaning our clothes by h 6 But most fatal accidents are not the r 7 of mechanical （机械的）failure. The two most common are falling down the stairs and going to s 9 in the bath. This s that we are in a more dangerous situation when we feel s 10四International organizations are founded to h 1 the childr

8、en. These p 2 childrens lives were changed b 3 of Europe war at that time. Now, UNICEF works all over the world. It p 4 clean water, food and e 5 for children in many countries. It wants children to be h 6 and to go to school. It collects money by s 7 Christmas cards and organizing other activities.

9、 It helps governments and families to make the world a better place for children. All children should go to school i 8 of working to keep their families. They should be helped when they are in t 9 They should a 10 be treated with kindness.五Someone says, Time is money/* But I think time is m 1 import

10、ant than money. Why? Because when money is s 2 , we can get it back. H 3 when time is gone, itll never r 4. That is why we mustnt w 5 time.It goes without saying that time is u 6 limited （有限的）.Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do s 7 useful.But it is a pity that

11、 there are a lot of people who do not know the i 8 of time. They spent their limited time smoking, drinking and p 9 They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own 110In a word, we should save time. We shouldn*t 111 todays work for tomorrow.Remember we have no time to 112六We have

12、been in Australia for three days. Were having a g 1 time here. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world. There is so much to see that it is i 2 for me to tell you everything. Sydney is a beautiful city. There are many big trees and beautiful flowers a 3 the houses and they 14 really beaut

13、iful. There are also some special a 5 inAustralia, such as kangaroos and koalas. They are really lovely.During the past three days weve visited many places of i 6 around Sydney. Ed like to spend more time here. But we will f 7 to another city, Cairns, to see coral beds （珊瑚 礁） tomorrow. It is said th

14、at words cannot d 8 the beauty of the colourful corals. Many famous cartoon films were made there. Now we are b 9 packing our bags so that we will not lose time when we leave. We can enjoy o 10 in Cairns this time tomorrow, Im looking forward to going there!七M: Would you please tell me what you were

15、 doing when the accident happened and what you saw?W: Yes, I was d 1 home from work. It was about 5:15, and there was a blue car in front of me.We were both driving along Harbor Road w 2 a small white Ford suddenly shot out of the side road. It shot right in front of the blue car. The driver tried t

16、o stop, but it was impossible. He r 3 into the white Ford.M: Whats the s 4 of the car in front of you when the accident happened?W: You mean the blue car? Well, thirty miles an hour. Of course no m 5 than that.M: And the white Ford shot out without any warning?W: Yes, thats right.M: How can you make

17、 s 6 that the blue car was only doing thirty?W: Because I was only doing thirty, and the blue car wasn*t going any f 7 than I was.M: Are you sure of that? Absolutely positive （肯定）?W: Yes, I a 8 Em positive.M: How can you be so positive? Were you looking at your speed-metre when the accident happened

18、?W: Of course not. I was looking at the road ahead. Thats how I managed to see the accident.M: Well, if you were not looking at your speed-metre, how can you p 9 be sure how fast you were going?W: Because I never go faster than 30 on that road, or its a 10 law八The most important drink is water. Not

19、many people understand this but it is quite t 1 People can 12 for a long time without food, but they will die if two or three daysw 3 water. In h 4 weather, many people do not drink e 5 water, because they dont know how much water they n 6 After t 7 exercise, people need more water.The water in the

20、mans body is m 8 more than other matters（物质）.Wed b 9have enough water, or we may get ill.Water is n 10 to all the living things. nThere will be no 1 11 if there is no water/1 So we must save water and dont w 12 water.Maybe you are more interested in sports than in history. You probably think you wil

21、l never be a t 1 student. In f 2 anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. If you can use your time well, you may improve your study w 3 much work. Here*s how:Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a 1 4 of things that you have to do. First write down

22、 the time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldnt take all of your time. Dont forget to leave y 5 enough time for hobbies.Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study place. Keep this space, which may be a desk

23、o 6 just a corner of your room. No games, radio, or television! When you sit down to work, think o 7 about the subject!Make good use of your time in class. Listen c 8 to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class m 9less work later. You also need to take notes in class, because it can mit eas

24、ier for you to learn well.There are only a few ways mentioned here to h 10 you with your studying. I believe you find many other ways besides these.+Life is not easy, so Id like to say When anything happens, believe in yourself.When I was 14,1 was too nervous to talk to anyone . My classmate often 1

25、1 at me. I wassad but could do nothing. Later, something happened. It changed my life. It was an English contest. My mother asked me to take part in it . What a t 2 idea! It meant I had to s 3 in front of all the teachers and students of my school!“Come on , boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to

26、 w 4 Then, Mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I c 5 the topic nBelieve in yourself*. I tried my best to remember all the speech and practice it o 6100 times. W 7 my mothers greatlove, I did well in my contest. I could h 8 believe my ears when the news came that I had won the fi

27、rst place. I heard the c 9 from the teachers and students. Those classmates who o 10 looked down on me, now all said Congratulations!” to me. My mother hugged me and cried e 11S 12 then, everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I try to tell myself to be sure and I will find myself. This i

28、s true not only for a person but also for a country.It seems to us that the earth stand quite still （静止的）.But it is really m 1 all the time. It turns around a make-believe（虚假的）line t 2 its center. We call this make-believe line the earths axis （地轴）.The two e 3 of the earths axis are called its poles

29、 （极）. The earth travels twenty-four hours around its axis o 4We look at the sun and say it travels a 5 the sky, but the sun doesnt really doS 6 The turning of the earth makes us f 7 as if the sun were moving across the sky. We cant see that the earth is moving because everything e 8 on the earth is

30、turning with us. As the earth turns around every twenty-four hours, first one halff 9 the sun and then the other half. When our half of the earth is facing the sun, we say it is ndayn. When our half isa 10 from the sun, we say it is night”. It is the turning of the earth that tells us when to go to

31、bed and when to get up.十二When this story happened , they were working around a very large house. Their job was to do the c 1 It was not a difficult job, but sometimes it was a little d 2 because they had to work below where workmen were working. Often these workmen d 3 something from the top of the

32、house many meters high to the ground. One morning Joe was working near the house with a cigarette behind one of his ears. Suddenly somebody on the t 4 shouted, “Look out! But Joe did not nlook out. He looked up. And as he did s 5 a long knife missed Joes head, but it cut o 6 one of his ears. At once

33、 he put his hand to one side of his head and cried out, Tve lost an ear. Help! Help!* Jeff ran up to help his friend. Look for my ear/ Joe told him. nIt must be on the ground s 7 Jeff looked everywhere for the m 8 ear. At last he found an ear on the ground. He picked it up and c 9 it to Joe. nHere y

34、ou are/ he said, nIve found it. Joe looked at it. No, thats not my ear. he said, Mine had a cigarette b 10 it.nDogs are good pets. They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3

35、 arrives.When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 buy a small dog ifyour home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people dont know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 fbr

36、dogs in shops. Dont let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always 1 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 .Remember that dogs need e 10 . You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day. 答案及简析1. friendly.人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养，主要是因为它

37、们比较通人性，且对人很友好, 能给人们带来欢乐。根据be very fto people”来分析，此空应填一个形容词，表明狗对 人的态度。friend是名词，friendly是形容词，故friendly是正确答案。2. children.宠物狗自然是在家中养，它们除了听主人的话以外，与家中的小主人即孩子 也是好朋友。由于是指大多数家庭的情况，并受their 一词的提示，此处应填“孩子”的复数 形式，即 childreno3. stranger.狗的天性是护家。文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗”，专门指有生人来时发出 叫喊的狗。“生人”在英文中即为stranger。4. size.这个空略

38、微有点难。一是size一词平时用得较少，二是一般家庭都养小型犬，供 狗活动的空间一般不成问题，因此，对狗的体积问题考虑的较少。从后面的句子来看，此处 是在谈狗的体积的问题“如果你的家小，就买一只小狗；如果你的家大，就买一只大狗5. yours.这是一个名词性物主代词，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger.为避免词的重复 使用，在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词。本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都

39、有一句或两句话的内容是对所填 词的内容进行补充说明的。因此，在做这种类型的题时，一定要注意分析上下文的内容，进 行推理和归纳，正确的理解句意，最后决定出最佳的词及其正确形式。巩固练习：There was an old man who loved money very much. He n 1 gave anything to anybody. After some years he became r 2 .One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends

40、 ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, Give me your hand, and Ill r 3 you out! ”The rich m 4 head went down the water a 5 then came up again, but he did not g 6 his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s 7 thing happened.Then a 8 friend, Nasreddin

41、, said, Take my hand and Ill pull you out!” The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water.“You dont know your friend very w 9 Nasreddin said to the others. When you say Give! to him, he d 10 nothing, but when you say Take! he always takes.” 答案与简析：守财奴闹出了笑话。文中谈了一次救人的过程，解题时要根据当时的

42、情况特别注意“give”和“take”的妙用。1. never.因为love money,所以他决不会“给予。never意为从不”。2. rich. rich是形容词，作表语。由于从不施舍，几年后他就富有了。3. pull. pull.out 意为“把拉出来”。4. man9s. head为名词，要选用man的所有格形式。5. and. and then意为后来又and起并列作用。6. give, giveto意为把给same.句意为：又发生了同样的情况。7. another, another表示不定指的“又一个，另一个well, well为副词，know well意思是很了解。8. does

43、.这句话是引述原话，故用一般现在时。do nothing表示“什么事都不干例题解析ADo you know the word brunch? In the West, many people like to have brunch-late (l)b or early lunch. People often have brunch (2) b 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sundaybecause they prefer to get up (3) 1 after a week*s hard work or want to enjoy brunch withtheir par

44、ents, or friends. That is a relaxing and interesting (4)w of eating for most families.Today, brunch has become (5) p in big hotels. One can (6) e ask for or cook ithimself. To make it (7) 1 like both breakfast and lunch, people choose to have lots of dishes.You may often see the following (8) f on t

45、he table, meat, eggs, fruit, (9) v, orangejuice, tea and bacon. Do you have brunch at (10) w? If not, why not try?答案与解析3：这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了近年来在西方流行的brunch（早午餐）。brunch 一词是由 breakfast与lunch中的字母br和unch合在一起构成的。1. breakfast,由下句“early lunch和前面的对应词late可知brunch是比breakfast要 晚，而比lunch要早。2. between,这里的between.and.是

46、固定搭配。3. late,根据句中的状语“on Sunday”和after a week*s hard work”可知在周末由于人们都 在家休息，所以起床会较完。4. way,对大部分家庭来说，这种brunch只是一种新的放松有趣的进餐方式。5. popular,目前在西方，brunch已经成为一种时尚，越来越受到人们的欢迎。6. either,这是一个等立连词，either.or.,意思是”或者或者7. look,由于brunch介于breakfast和lunch之间，所以人们在做起brunch来,既要像 breakfast,又要像lunch。look like的意思就是“看起来好像”。8.

47、 food,根据下面所列举的内容可知答案。9. vegetables,英语中，以字母v开头的food就是vegetables 了。10. weekend,根据文章的介绍，brunch是在周末人们所享用的进餐方式。巩固练习Most people have f a kite or have seen one rise and dip in the strong spring wind. Not somany people know that kites were first made in China t of years ago. The a Chinesewere making flying

48、kites even before they were writing.A long time ago, the Chinese made kites to use in the wars. They would fly these war kites in the d. The kites were fixed so that they made strong sounds. Men who were at war with them would hear these sounds and run away. They thought those strong sounds were m by god inthe sky. The ancient Chinese also flew kites to b good luck and to make their crops grow richand tall. Sometimes they tied long strings and hooks to the kites. Then they fly the kites o water letting the hooks hang down to catch fish.The Chinese use sticks, strings and paper fo