新高考英语一轮总复习提能练（二十五）必修5UNIT5FIRSTAID.docx

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1、高考提能练（二十五）必修5Unit5FirstaidI .阅读理解A（2020.威海市高考模拟）Americafirsttranscontinentalrailroad，completed 150yearsagotodayatPromontorySummitinUtah,connectedthevastUnitedStatesandbroughtAmericaintothemodernage.Chineseimmigrantscontribute dgreatlytothisnotableachievement, butthehistoricalaccountsthatfollowedofte

2、nignoredtheirrole.Between 1863and 1869,asmanyas20,OOOChineseworkershelpedbuildthedangerouswesternpartoftherailroad,awindingribbonoftrackknownastheCentralPacificRailroad.Atfirst，theCentralPacificRailroadsdirectorswantedawhites onlyworkforce.Whennotenoughwhitemensignedup，therailroadbeganhiringChinesem

3、enforthebackbreakinglabor.Companyleaderswereskepticalofthene wrecruitsbilitytodothework,buttheyprovedthemselvesnotonlycapablebutevensuperiortotheotherworkers.Chineseworkerscutthroughdenseforests ， filleddeepnarrowsteep sidedvalleys , constructedlongtrestles（ 高 架 桥） andbuiltenormousretainingwalls（ 挡

4、土 墙）一someofwhichremaincompleteandundamagedtoday.Allworkwasdonebyhandusingcarts,shovelsandpicksbutnomachinery.However , progresscameatgreatcost ：anesti mated 1,200ChineselaborersdiedalongtheCentralPacificRailroad.Despitethesefacts，Chineseworkerswereoftenleftoutoftheofficialstorybecauseoftheiridentity

5、offoreigners.Onthetransco ntinentalrailroad 1 OOthbirthday,theChineseworkerswerestillnothonored.Itwasanotherfiftyyearslaterthattheirrolewasgraduallyhighli ghted.Tocelebratetherailroad*s 150thanniversaryin2019,theCaliforniastateassemblypassedaresolutionin2017torecognizeandhonortheChineserailroadworke

6、r sbydesignatingMay 10,2017，andeveryMay 1 Othereafter，asCaliforniaChineseRailroadWorkersMemorialDay.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。中国移民对美国太平洋铁路的建设作出了重大贡献，但随后的历史记录往往忽视了他们的功劳。加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议来承认和尊重中 国铁路工人所作的贡献。1. Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A. TheBirthoftheCentralPacificRailroadCostDearlyB - May 10-ASpecialDayfo

7、rChineselmmigrantsC. ChineseWorkersContributionsGainedRecognitionD . The1 50thAnniversaryoftheCentralPacificRailroadC考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国工人在美国太平洋铁路建设中 所作的贡献，在2017年5月10日，中国铁路工人的劳动得到承认和尊重。故C项能概括 文章主旨，适合用作标题。2. Whatdoes theyinParagraph2referto?A. Chineselaborers.B. Whiteworkers.C. Companyleaders.D.

8、Railroaddirectors.A考查代词指代。根据上文“Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits ability to do the work中的“new recruits”以及上文中的“the railroad began hiring Chinese men”可知，they 指代newrecruits,也就是中国劳工,故选A。3. WhydoestheauthormakesuchdetaileddescriptionsinParagraph3?A ToproveChineseworkersuperiorskills.B. T

9、ostressthedangeranddifficultyofthework.C Todescribethegrandsceneryalongtherailroad.D.ToshownotableachievementsmadebyChineseworkers.B考查推理判断。第三段前半部分是对中国工人工作的描述：在茂密的森林中开出一 条路，填充了陡峭的峡谷，建造了长长的高架桥和巨大的挡土墙，所有的工作都是通过手推 车、铲子和镐手工完成的，没有机械设备，再结合最后一句中的anestimated 1 , 200ChineselaborersdiedalongtheCentralPacificRa

10、ilroad ” 可知，这一系列详细描述是为 了强调 工作的危险和艰难。4. . Whatdoesthetextintendtotellus?A Nonesoblindasthosewhowontsee.B. Nopains, nogains.C - Truthwillcometol ightsoonerorlater.D Doingisbetterthansaying.C考查推理判断。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国劳工的贡献在很多年以后终于 被认可。Nonesoblindasthosewhowontsee 意为“最瞎莫如视而不见；Nopains, nogains 意 为“一分耕耘，一分收获

11、“；Truthwillcometolightsoonerorlater意为“真相早晚会大白于世”； Doingisbetterthansaying意为“行胜于言”。故C项与文章主旨一致。B（2020山东省临沂市一模）Wespendathirdofouradultlifeworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareers.Historically , workwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurpose.Duringthevastmajorityofour300 ，000 -yearhumanevolution（进化

12、），workwasinfactprettysimple.Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.Meaningandpurposecamefromsom ewhereelse, likeculture, art, orscience.Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful 一 isarathermodern , orratherpostmodern,invention.Onlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeworkerswh

13、oretumedfromatypic alworkdayatfactoriescomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidnearnmuchortheywerewornoutbutraretoseet heycomplaintheydidnexperienceasenseofpurpose. Similarly , theideathatweoughttobringour “ whole self toworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradvice.ItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinven

14、t edtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsago.Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhi chtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.Someseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteveryday,withoutbringingtheirwholeselftowork.Workisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentities,andtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialca

15、tegorieslikemother , husband , American , captainofthelocalsoccerteam， etc. Others , however , haveaveryclosepsychologicalconnectionwiththeirworkroles , seeingthemasanessentialthingintertwined（紧密相连的）withwhotheyare.Theydon,tjustcometowork.Theyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspiritua Itypeofconne

16、ctionwiththeiijobs.Theyare,itseems，almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics（X） mostcompanieslongfor.语篇解读人的一生中，成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作，人们还用很多时间为职 业做准备。然而从历史上来看，工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全 身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。5 . Whydidwespendmuchofouradultlifeworkingduringtheprocessofevolution?A Toprepareforfuturecaree

17、rs.B - Tofindthewatersources.C Tohelpusevolve.D Tomakeussurvive.D细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.”可知， 人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物，并且避免成为别人的食物，即为了生存, 故选D项。6 . Whydidthewritermentiontheworkersacenturyago?A Tohelpusfindmeaningatwork.B Toprovethattheideawasmodern.C. Toshowusthebadoldda

18、ys.D Tocomplainabouttheexperiences.8. 推理判 断题。 根据 第 二 段第一句 u Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful-isarathermodern,orratherpostmodern, invention.”可知，在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有，紧跟着提 到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点，故选B项。9. WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewith?A. Employeeshavedifferentunde

19、rstandingoftheirworkroles.10. Everyemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftowork.C Tobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelidea.D Workersoreidentityisbuiltonartcategories.A推理判断题。根据第三段第三句His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.”可知，他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度 是因人而异的，故选A项。

20、8 . Whatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavor?A Thosewhoseeworkasajob.B - Thosewhoidentifywiththeirworkroles.C Thosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirwork.D Thosewhopossessexperience.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句 Theyare , itseems , almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholicsmostcompanieslongfor.?, 大多 数公司期望工作狂类型的员工，故选C项

21、。II.七选五（2020-福州市高中毕业班质检） Noonehasyetprovedaconnectionbetweennapping （小 睡） andprofessionalsuccess, butaninterestingstudypublishedthisweekclaimstofindalinkbetweenthedaytimenapandgoodhealth.Dr .AndronikiNaskaandDr.DimitriosTrichopoulosfromHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthfollowedover23, OOOGreekpatientsforan

22、averageofsixyears.jThestudyfoundthatthegroupofadultswhotooka30minutenapatleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethananequivalentgroupwh odidnotsleepatallduringtheday.2 Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmalesthanforthosewhohadretired. However, anumberofpreviousstudiesdoneintheMediterranean,

23、wherenapsremaincommon, havecomeupwithconflictingresults, butDr.NaskaandDr.Trichopoulosarguethatthosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed （有 缺 陷 的）.3 Theymayhavebenefitedmorefromnappingthanhealthyindividualsdo.GiventhatallofthesubjectsofthisnewstudywereGreeks , couldthemuch - celebratedMediterraneandietdeserve

24、scredit,ratherthanthenaps?Andheisinagoodpositiontosayso, foritwashewhodidthepioneeringresearchthatputoliveoilandaplant baseddietonthescientificmapinthefirstplace.5 TheearlierfindingsaboutthebenefitsoftheMediterr aneandietareconfirmed, hesays, andnappingseemstohelpontopofthat. A ThefirmanswerfromDr.T

25、richopouIosis No B , Thebenefitwasgreaterformenthanforwomen. C. Theirconclusion: nappingjustmightsaveyourlife.D. Somestudieshaveshownthatdietisrelevanttonaps.E. Forexample, thesubjectsinsomehadsurvivedheartattacks.F. Thosewithheartattacksarealsolesslikelytotakenapsduringtheday.G. Hisstudywascontroll

26、edfordiet, smoking, exerciseandotherrelevantfactors.语篇解读一项有趣的研究表明，白天小憩和良好的健康之间有一定的关联。本文介绍了 该研究的相关内容。1. C本空是段尾句，承接上文表述的一项有趣的研究称发现了白天小憩与良好的健康 之间有一定的关联。故C项与此处匹配。2. B根据空后一句It was also greater for working males than for those who had retired”可 知，选项B的结构和内容与之呼应，所以选B项。3. E根据空前一句中的“thosestudieshaveoftenbeenf

27、lawed（有缺陷的）“，并结合空后一 句“They may have benefited more from napping than healthy individuals do”可推知，此处应是 具体说明其他研究的缺陷之处，故E项符合语境，承上启下。4. A承接空前的问句可知，空处应是对空前的问句回答，故A项符合语境，与下文相 衔接。5. G与前一句中的“it was he who did the pioneering research”呼应可推知，该空陈述的 应是其研究的相关内容，结合选项和上下文可知，选项G符合语境，所以选G项。此应用文写作（2020山东历城二中第一次模拟）假定你是李

28、华，获知你的英国朋友Eric在汉语书法比赛中获得一等奖。请你给他写一 封邮件，内容包括：1 .表示祝贺；2 .赠送名家字帖。注意：1 .词数80左右;3 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：字帖 calligraphycopybookDearEric,Yours,LiHua答案:DearEric,CongratulationsonyourwinningfirstprizeintheChinesecalligraphycontest!Asisknowntoall，calligraphyisanimportantpartofChinesetraditionalculture.ItisreallyamazingforaforeignertowriteChi nesecharacterssowell.rvealreadyhadacopybookofWangXizhiworksdeliveredtoyou.Ihopeitcanbeo fsomehelp.r mlookingforwardtoyourgreaterprogressinthefuture.Yours,LiHua