定语从句考点 讲与练讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.docx

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1、定语从句考点讲与练定语从句是三大从句之一，是高考频繁考查的考点之一。在备考中，需要明 确其命题规律，掌握答题技巧，这样才能高效备考。一、高频考点剖析（一）考查关系词的基本用法关系词用法一览表【考例】关系同关系代词关系副词whomwhowhichthatwhoseaswhenwherewhy先行词人人物或 句子人或物人或物人、物、 句子时间地点原因充当I成分宾语二:8 、宾语主语、 宾语主语、宾 语、表语定语主语、宾语状语状语状语11. In this box are some stem cells are urgently needed for apatient-please, please,

2、 youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom. （阅读理解改编）2. Louis Braille, a blind person, lived in a time the blind couldntget much education.（阅读理解改编）3. The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, offers several concerts from March through June. （I阅读改编）4. Tve got to a point in my life

3、I know I am smart enough to diveinto an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.（阅读表达改编）5. I ran the risk of losing those students had a different style ofthinking.（阅读改编）6. The reason any of us take any risks at all might have to do withearly humans.（阅读改编）7. A coin is put into the cake,s

4、ignifies（预示）success in the NewYear for the person who receives it.（阅读理解改编）答案（一）单句语法填空1. whicho逗号后为非限制性定语从句，theories为先行词，且关系词在从 句中作介词宾语，故填which。2. whereo beach为先行词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。3. wh0o先行词those指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语 从句。4. whose。books为先行词，关系词在从句中作covers的定语，故whose 符合题意。5. whicho nomophobia（无手

5、机恐惧症）为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语， 故填whicho6. whereo先行词指地点，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故where符合题/同、o7. whicho an atmosphere为先行词，且关系词作介词宾语，故用which作 为引导词。8. whicho invention为先行词，空格处在从句中作主语，故用which作为引 导词。9. whomo两个逗号之间是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且关系词在从 句中作介词宾语，故填whom。10. wheno先行词occasions指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填 when。11. which。第二个逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先

6、行词是空前的一句话内容, 故填whicho12. whOo先行词Toms mother指人，两个逗号之间是非限制性定语从句， 且先行词在从句中作主语，故填who。13. whereo地点名词New York为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填 whereo14. whomo other people为先行词，关系词在从句中作介言司宾语，故用whom 作为引导词。15. aso此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句的一句话内容, as is reported是常用结构。16. wheno先行词day指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故when符 合题意。17. whose。A co

7、mpany为先行词，关系词在从句中作名词profits的定语， 故填whose o18. whereo an easy atmosphere是先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语， 故填whereo19. thato先行词thing用The very修饰，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用 that作为引导词。20. wheno先行词time指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副 词 when021. whyo reason为先行词，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用why引导 定语从句。22. whoseo先行词为those,且空格处在从句中作名词lives的定语，故用 whose作为引导词。23

8、. whichoanother wonderful discovery为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语， 故填which。24. whereo先行词指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。25. thato先行词persons and places中既有人又有物，且关系词在从句中 作主语，故填that。26. whom。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作介词而由的宾语,故填whom。27. whereo many cases为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系 副词whereo28. Aso逗号前是非限制性定语从句，而位于句首的定语从句只能使用as引导。29. whoseoGeor

9、ge Orwell为先行词，关系词在从句中作定语，故填whose。30. whicho nine months为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填 whicho31. whose0 floods为先行词，关系词在从句中作名词的定语，故填whose。32. whom。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故whom符 合题意。33. when。先行词age表示时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when 作为引导词。34. whOo先行词those指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故空格处填who。35. when0先行词是next week,关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用whe

10、n 引导定语从句。36. which o先行词为第二个逗号之前的一句话内容，关系词在从句中作主 语，故填which。37. whomo先行词为two people,关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故whom 符合题意。38. when0 the用th grade为先行词，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用 when作为引导词。39. wheriohours为先行词，关系词在从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。40. Aso逗号前是位于句首的非限制性定语从句，而关系词之中只有as有 这一用法。41. whom0 the old scientist为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词for的宾语， 故填wh

11、omo42. whicho the Lincoln Memorial为先行词，关系词在非限制性定语从句中 作主语，故填which。43. whereo business为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副 词 whereo44. whicho第二个逗号前的一句话内容为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语， 故填which。45. that。the first为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that。（二）语篇语法填空【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者家庭贫困，在圣诞节到来之际，作者 用自己赚的钱购买了礼物，给家里带来了惊喜。1. ao考查冠词。名词check在句中表示泛指，故填不

12、定冠词。2. to pay。考查非谓语动词。根据短语use sth. to do sth.可知，空格处填 不定式。3. Actuallyo考查词性转换。空格处在句中作状语，故填提示词的副词形式。4. whicho考查定语从句。第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是空 前的一句话内容，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。5. on0考查介词。表示在具体的某一天上午、下午或晚上，应用介词on。6. occurredo考查动词时态。空格处作为谓语动词，是过去发生的动作，故 用一般过去时。7. guiltyo考查词性转换。空格处在句中作表语，结合语境可 知，空格处填形容词。8. my。考查代词。

13、空格处作名词的定语，故空格处填物主代词my。9. Holdingo考查非谓语动词。逗号前为非谓语动词短语作伴随状语，且与 主语是主动关系，故填现在分词。10. kisseso考查名词复数。根据空前的hugs和语境可知，空格处填写复数名词。8. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place cannot be missed when you visit the city.（阅读理解改编）9.is often the case with children, Amy was be

14、tter by the time the doctor arrived.（）10. I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.解析：1. that/ whicho先行词为some stem cells,关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that/ which o【知识拓展】（1）关系词that不可位于介词后，不可引导非限制性定语从 句。（2）关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用that的情况：先行词是all, everything, anything 等不定代词；先行词被 the only, the very, the

15、 right 等 修饰；先行词既有人又有物；先行词是序数词、最高级或被序数词、最高级修 饰。2. wheno先行词指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。3. whicho先行词指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。【知识拓展】which可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在从句 中作主语或宾语；先行词可指物，也可指一句话内容。4. where0 point为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导 定语从句。【知识拓展】领先行词是 actMty, situation, point, case, stage, scene 等抽象名词时，且关系词在从句

16、中作状语时，应用where作为引导词。5. who /thato先行词those students指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故 填 who/ thato【知识拓展】（1） who引导定语从句时，不可位于介词之后。（2）关系词 常用who的情况：先行词为明确指人的anyone, one, ones, those等词时;在分隔式定语从句中，先行词指人，为了防止歧义时；领先行词为人称代词时 等。6. why。reason为先行词，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用why引导定 语从句。7. whicho逗号前的一句话内容为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填 whicho8. thato关系词在从句中

17、作主语，且先行词place之前有the very修饰，故 应用that作为引醇词。9. ASo先行词为逗号之后的一句话内容，且关系词在从句中作主语，而定语 从句位于句首时，只能用as引导。【知识拓展】as引导非限制性定语时，可位于句首、句中或句尾，常有“正 如，正像”之意，其常用结构为：as anybody can see； as we know； as is well known； as often happens； as is reported； as is often the case； as is mentioned above； as has been pointed out10.

18、whose0 a couple是先行能I,且空格处作children的定语，故填whoseo（二）考查“介词+关系代词”的用法“介词+关系代词”既可用于限制性定语从句中，还可用于非限制性定语从句中, 是定语从句的一种常见用法。【考例】1. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in shedistributed it to children.2. Many young people, most ofwere well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.3. So

19、me experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.解析：1. whicho the refugee camp为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故用 which作为引导词。2. whomo先行词指人，关系词作介词of的宾语，故whom符合题意。3. which。先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作介词upon的宾语，故填which。（三）考查分隔式定语从句定语从句往往紧跟在先行词之后，但是有时可能会在从句和先行词之间插入 其他成分，使从句与先行词分隔开来，从而形成了分隔式定语从句（也可称为“

20、间 隔式定语从句”）。如：Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship.（先 行词student和定语从句被介词短语“in his class”隔开）汤姆是班里第一个获 得奖学金的学生。【考彳列】 After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.解析：whoo people为先行词，且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语， 故w

21、ho符合题意。（四）考查定语从句的主谓一致当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与 先行词一致，即先行词为单数，从句谓语动词为单数，先行词为复数，那么从句 谓语动词为复数。【考例】1. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who always （wear） evening dress.2. He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of which（publish） in the 1990s.解析：1. wears。根据always和语

22、境可知，空格处应用一般现在时；关系词在从 句中作主语，而。ne是定语从句的先行词，故空格处应用单数形式。（one之 前如没有the only修饰时，先行词为womeno ）2. were publishedo nearly half of which在从句中作主语，且是动作的承受 者，根据语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态；结合先行词books可 知，空格处填were publishedo二、高分技巧点拨对于定语从句方面的试题，首先应该找准先行词，然后再结合句子成分的知 识对关系词在从句中的具体作用分析推敲，判断好关系词在从句中作的是哪一 种句子成分。需要注意的是，先行词并不能决定关系词

23、的使用。例如，先行词 指时间，但是关系词在从句中作主语，那么应用关系代词作为引导词，而不应使 用关系副词when。【考例】1. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.2. That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.解析：1. which。先行词为book,且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作recommended 的宾语，故填which。此题

24、容易误填where或when,原因是认为先行词是空前 的地点或时间，误认为关系词在从句中作状语。2. whicho that evening虽为表示时间的先行词，但是关系词在从句中作介 词about的宾语，故用关系代词which作为非限制性定语从句的引导词。此题 容易误填w h e n,原因是没有判断女 子关系词在从句中的作月J ,三、强化训练（一）单句语法填空1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.2. The next day, m

25、y mother and I went to the beach wewatched some children play volleyball.3. Happiness and success often come to those are good atrecognizing their own strengths.4. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.5. I recently read an article about “homophobia”， is a real illness people ca

26、nt suffer from the fear of being without your phone!6. We will be shown around the city： schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.7. Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is abig challenge.8. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, is set to be installed in ot

27、her villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.9. The children, all of had played the whole day long, wereworn out.10. We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare we have so many foods available at such low prices.11.

28、 Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, made her feel like a star.12. Toms mother, had heard their conversation, asked if they could do it.13. I decided to leave home for New York, I might have a better chance to find a good job.14. Behind him were other people to h

29、e was trying to talk, butafter some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.15. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 per cent in just one year.16. I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.17. A company profits from

30、home markets are declining mayseek opportunities abroad.18. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.19. The very thing brought about a complete change in her lifewas the liberation.20. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing f

31、or the time he should be able to be independent.21. The reason more and more young people dream ofbecoming a famous singer or musician is that they can become millionaires overnight.22. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.23. He made another wonderf

32、ul discovery, I think is of great importance to science.24. In my opinion, Beijing is the most beautiful city, I spent my last summer holiday.25. The two old friends talked about the persons and places impressed them most.26. Alice asked the policeman with he worked to contact himwhenever there was

33、an accident.27. I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot ofEnglish words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.28. has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.29. George Orwell, real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.30. The journey

34、 around the world took the old sailor nine months, of the sailing time was 226 days.31. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effects the people are still suffering.32. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of were from Germ

35、any.33. We are living in an age many things are done on computer.34. Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those dont.35. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.36. By serving others, a person

36、focuses on someone other than himself or herself, can be very eye-opening and rewarding.37. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of wanted to buy it.38. I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tre

37、e.39. The film brought the hours back to me I was taken goodcare of in that far- away village.40. we have stressed many times, serve the people is our first policy.41. What is known to us all is that the old scientist, for life washard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.42. We went t

38、o the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.43. I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a greatchance.44. As I arrived in Sydney, I wanted to see everything on my first day, I knew was impossible.45. When people talk about the c

39、ities of the U.S. , the first comes into their mind is New York.(二)语篇语法填空Christmas was coming and we were given1 $25 Christmas check for social services. Mom said instead of buying food, she would use the money 2 (pay) back rent and there would be nothing for Christinas.3 (actual) ， I had already ea

40、rned enough money by selling Christmas trees to buy a new pair of boots, _4 was unknown to Mom.Well, the big moment came_5 the afternoon of Christmas Eve. I was hurried to buy my boots. On the way, I noticed a house with Christmas lights and decorations. It suddenly 6_ (occur) to me that we had noth

41、ing at our house.As I continued walking, I began to feel7_(guilt). I was going to buy a pair of boots while Mom was home in tears. I stopped and stood there for what seemed a long time until I decided what I had to do.Feeling excited, I went into a grocery store and spent all 8 (I) hard-earned money buying the Christmas goods home. Opening the door, Mom stood there saying nothing.9 (hold) back the tears, I shouted： Merry Christmas Mother! There really is a Santa Claus!: That day I got enough hugs and 10 (kiss) from Mom to last two lifetimes.