高考英语语法《状语从句》备考知识点全方位.docx

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1、专题12状语从句高考分析状语从句是每年必考的语法工程，主要考查连词的正确使用.其中，对时间状语、条件状语、 让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考察哦最为频繁.以往,重点考查的连词有:when,before, unless,so/as long as,however,so. .that 等.状语从句概览状语从句时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句 比拟状语从句 目的状语从句二、语法详解在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可以位于主句之前,也可 以位于主句之后.hosts may serve the food, or it may be

2、 passed so _each person may help himself.16. Air pollution is getting more and moreserious, so we must take action it is too late.n.单句改错1. . （2018 全国卷 n ）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.2. . （2015 陕西高考）My only mistake was that I droppe

3、d some on the floor after 1 was packing them up.3. （2015 浙江高考）If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.4. （2014 全国卷）And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.5. I have fallen in love with journalism when I was a child. 6. Before the old man came ba

4、ck, the smell of the whisky reminded him of the accident.7. The club was very popular that many students signed up for it.8. Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule.9. Luckily, he was the only one who finally got the job, so the manager decided to give the job to whoever he beli

5、eved was helpful.10. As long as insects happen to touch the webs, no matter what hard they try, they can，t escape.11. Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the work will be carried out systematically.12. Shaking hands is the most popular way to greet each other while people me

6、et.13. . They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.14. Its good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start.1. 解析：until/till 句意：直到20世纪80年代末,它才作为一个旅游概念被广泛接受.根据句意可知,此处应该用until/till.2. 解析：when句意：当他问河边的村民在哪里可以找到传说中的艺术家时，他们微笑着指向河边.根据句意可知,此处应该when.3. 解析:If句意:

7、如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上的许多动植物将会消失.根据句意可知，此处应该用if引导条件状语从句，表示主句内 容发生的条件.4. 解析：as/when句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加（或：当人口增加时），为了使食物熟得更快,人们开始把食物切成小块.根据句意可知,此 处可用as/when引导时间状语从句.5. 解析：When/If第二句句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它,轻轻拍打,给它抚慰.根据句意可知,应填when或if.6. 解析：if此处表示:噢如果你不介意,我要停下来做一下深呼吸.根据句意可知,应填if引导条件状语从句.7. 解析：that so that 以便；为了”，在

8、此处引导目的状语从句.8. 解析:Although句意:尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途.由句意可知，空处引导让步状语从句，故填Although.9. that10. . Until11. though/although/while12. as/though13. since14. as15. that16. before改错答案1 .解析:where-when根据句意可知，父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，所以此处要用 when引导时间状语从句.2 .解析：after-when/while句意：我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我打包它们（饼干）的 时候，掉在了地上一些.when/whi

9、le 当 的时候，after 在 之后”.根据句意应将 after 改为 when/while.3 .解析：If-Although/Though句意：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我 永远忘不了它.根据句意可知I,此处并不存在条件关系，而是表示让步，应将if改为 although 或 though.4 .解析：thatf asas many.as we can为固定句式，as引导比拟状语从句.5 . whenf since 6 BeforeWhen 7. veryso 8. unlessif9. sofbecause 10. whatfhow 11. such-so12. while

10、-when14. after-before13. sof such状语从句的种类常用连接词特殊连接词时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as1. 些表示时间的名词：the momenl, the instant, the minule. the day, next time, every time2. 一些副词：instantly, immediately, directly3. 固定搭配的连词：no sooner.than, hardly.when. scarcely.when地点状语从句wher

11、ewherever, anywhere, everywhere原因状语从句because, as, for, sinceseeing that, considering that, now that, given that, in that, in as much as. in so much as目的状语从句so that, in order that, thatlest, for fear ihal. in case, in the hope that, on purpose ihal. for the purpose that, to the end that结果状语从句so.that,

12、 so thal, such.thatsuch that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that条件状语从句if. unlesssuppose, supposing, providing, provided, on condition that, so long as, as long as J让步状语从句although, though, even though, even if1. while（一般用在句首）,as（用于倒装结构）2. whatever, w

13、hoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever, whether.or3. “as+形容词+as+主调”结构用在句首1 .时间状语从句when, while和as引导的时间状语从句when当时候可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主 句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生while当时候只可与延续性动词连用;侧重于主句动作与从句动作相比照as一边边;随着常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生1. Researchers in Britain found that whenFrench music was played

14、, sales of French wines went up.2. While watching TV, children do not merelyabsorb words and images.3. As he grew older, he became less active.特别注意如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,那么when, while与as可互换使用.When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.如何区分when引导的定语

15、从句与when引导的时间状语从句1.结构上的不同假设when引导定语从句,那么when的前面必然有表示时间的名词，即先行词.假设when引导 时间状语从句,那么其前面往往没有表示时间的名词，比方上面例句3中,when前面的tone就 不是表示时间的名词，因此不可能作when的先行词.2. when的作用不同当when引导定语从句时,此时when是指代表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中作时间状 语，修饰从句的谓语.当when引导时间状语从句时,此时when不在从句中作任何成分(比方不是作状语来修 饰从句谓语)，只起连接主句和从句的作用.不过需要注意的是,when引导的时间从句修饰主 句的谓语,作主句

16、谓语的时间状语.因此，我们可以用这样一句话来区分when的两类从句:在when引导的定语从句里，作 从句谓语的状语是when这个词，而在when引导的时间从句里,作主句谓语的状语是when 引导的从句，而不是when这个词.2.表示“一就”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly 等，另外 as soon as 也 可引导时间状语从句,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态.For example,

17、the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destination，s time.The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.(2)在hardly/scarcelywhen和no soonerthan.结构中，主句用过去完 成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时.1. I had hard 1y told him the news when he stopped listening.2. He h

18、ad no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.特别注意 在hardly/scarcely.when, no soonerthan结构中，当 hardly, scarcely或no sooner位于句首时,主句要用局部倒装.3.They had hardly reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London.=Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to retu

19、rn to London.3. till, , until 和 not . until/tiH 的用法until, till两者均表示“直到为止”，引导时间状语从句.肯定句中，其主句谓 语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止,not.until .， not.till.两者均表示“直到才,not所在的主句的谓语动词必须 为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始.until可用于句首，而tin不可放在 句首,till 一般不用于强调句型.1. The father waited until his daughter hadfinished her homework.2. The

20、 baby didnt go to bed until/till his mother returned.4. after,. before引导的时间状语从句after表示“在之后”，before表示“在之前;还没来得及就”.He changed his name after he left his hometown.Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood diseases.特别注意(1) “It will be/was +时间段+before从句”表示“

21、在之前还要 多久/过了多久才”.It will be half a year before I graduate.(2) “It wont be/wasnt +时间段+before从句”表示“过不了多久就/没过 多久就”.It wasn，t long before we started.5. since引导的时间状语从句since意为“自从以来”，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词 一般是延续性动词.since从句的时态假设是一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完 成进行时.此外,since常用于以下句型：It is/has been+时间段+since从句(常用一般过去时)“I

22、t is/has been+时间段+since从句(常用一般过去时)”句型的含义取决于从句 的谓语动词是否为延续性动词.假设从句谓语动词为非延续性动词,那么表示从该动作开 始一直延续到现在多久;假设从句谓语动词为延续性动词，那么表示从该动作结束到现在 多久.They have been friends since they met for the first time in London. 自从在伦敦第一次见面以来，他们一直是朋友.1t is three years since the war ended.战争已经结束三年了.It is three years since he lived h

23、ere.他不在这里住已经有三年了.6. 其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句every time 每次each time 每次any time任何时候next time 下次all the time(在某段时间内)一直the first/last time 第一次/最后一次the day/year 那天/年Every time I meet her I always forget her name.The first time I met her, I thought her nice and honest.(-)条件状语从句1.引导条件状语从句的常见附属连词(短语)有：if, unless,

24、as/so long as, in case (万 一)，once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假设)等.You11 fail the exam unless you study hard.They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.My parents don，t mind what job I do as long as I

25、 am happy.2. only if 和 if only 的区别only if意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用局部倒装.if only意为“但愿;要 是就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时;与过 去的情况相反时,从句用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,谓语用“would/could+动词原 形”.Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others.他只有更加努力学习才能赶上其他人.Tf only it would stop raining!但愿雨会停！(三)让步状语从句1. although, t

26、hough, as与while引导的让步状语从句(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可 用正常语序，也可用倒装语序;as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、 状语或动词原形置于句首,假设表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词.Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face.Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.Try as/though he might, he could not o

27、pen the door.(2)although 与 though 都可以与 yet, still, nevertheless 连用，但不能和 but 连 用.Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.(3)while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首.While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.2. even if与even though引导的让步状语从句even if与even t

28、hough表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时,可用虚拟语气，也 可以用陈述语气.r 11 do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.Even if I were in your place, I wouldn，t take the job.3. “no matter+疑问词”与“疑问词+ ever”引导的让步状语从句(1) “no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词+ ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句.Don，t trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.(2)whoever, whatev

29、er, whomever, whichever 还可以引导名词性从句，但 “no matter+疑问词”不可以.4. whether.or (not) .引导的让步状语从句Whether . or.表示“不管还是:提供两种比照情况.We 11 go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.(四)地点状语从句地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导.地点状语从句 可置于句首、句中或句尾.If you happen to get lost in the

30、wild, youd better stay where you are and wait for help.Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.特别注意where既可引导定语从句,也可引导状语从句.引导定语从句时,从句前应有 一个表示地点的名词作先行词,where可替换成“介词+which ；而状语从句前那么无先行词.Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从 句)Youd better make a

31、 mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)(五)原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的附属连词有：because因为as由于since既然now that 既然. seeing that 由于;鉴于in that由于；因为 considering (that)考虑到;鉴于(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强,一般放在主句之后.(2)since, now that表示的理由、稍加分析即可说明的原因，多放在句首.(3)as引导的从句常放在句首,说明次要的原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中(注意比 较:for连接的是并列句）.I dont get lone

32、ly now because I make the effort to see people.As it is fine, we shall go out for a walk.知识拓展when也可表示“既然”，引导原因状语从句.How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?（六）目的状语从句（1） in order that与so that引导的目的状语两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用 “could/should/might/would+动词原形

33、”. in order that 比 so that 正式，引导的状语 从句可置于主句之前或之后;而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后.Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you. In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early.特别注意当主从句的主语一致时,so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句 可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构.We got up early so that

34、we could arrive in time.fWe got up early so as to arrive in time.Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer.fBetty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.（2） for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句for fear that表示“唯恐;生怕；in case表示“以免，以防”.Leave your key with your neighbor in case

35、 you lock yourself out one day.（七）结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的附属连词有：so that以至于so . that.如此以至于suchthat.如此以至于so . that.与such . that .引导结果状语从句的结构形式为：so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句so+many/much/few/little （少）+ 名词+ that从句such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+ that从句. such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that

36、从句He is so experienced a worker that we all believe him.=He is such an experienced worker that we all believe him.他是一位很有经验的工人,我们都信任他.特别注意在so.that.和such.that.结构中，当“so + adj. /adv.或such+n ”置于句首时,主句要局部倒装.So fast did he run that I couldn，t catch him.他跑得那么快,我抓不住他.(2)除结果状语从句外，too.to .,.enough to ., so . a

37、s to ., such.as to .等不定式结构同样可以表示结果.He got up too late to catch the first train.=He didn，t get up early enough to catch the first train.=He got up so late as to miss the first train.他起床太晚了以至于没赶上第一班火车.(八)方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的附属连词有：as正如； 按照as if/as though好像； 仿佛as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时,通常用虚拟语气:与现在事实相反，从句 用一

38、般过去时;与过去事实相反，从句谓语用“had+过去分词”；与将来事实相反,从句谓 语用“would/could/might +动词原形”.从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，那么用陈 述句语气.They treat her as though she were their daughter.他们待她如亲生女儿一样.Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain.看那些云!看起来好像要下雨了.（九）比拟状语从句比拟状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as.as, not as/so . as,比拟级+ than引导.He is tailer t

39、han any other student in our school.他比我们学校的其他任何一个学生都高.知识拓展what引导的比拟状语从句的句式:A is to B what C is to D. A对B 而言正如C对D一样”.一般来说,应同时满足以下两点：L主句的主语和从句的主语一致,或从句主语是it;2.从句谓语中含有be动词的情况下，我们可将从句的主语和be动词省去.这种省略 常见于时间、地点、条件及让步状语从句中.I.单句语法填空（2021 全国卷 乙卷）It was not widelyaccepted as a travel concept the late 1980s.1.

40、（2020 全国卷 III） he asked thevillagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary （传奇 的） artist, they smiled and 66 （point） down the river.2. （2018 北京高考改编）we don t stopclimate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.3. （2016 全国卷 HI）Over time, thepopulation grew, peop

41、le began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.4. （2016 四川高考）The mother held the baby inher front paws much the way a human does. it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.5. （2014 辽 宁 高 考）Unbelievable!Oh ., you don，t mind, Ill stop and take a d

42、eep breath.6. （2018 天津高考 改编）Lets not pick thesepeaches until this weekend so they get sweet enough to be eaten.7. （2017 北京高考改编） birds usetheir feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.8. And he speaks so slowly and strangely_ittakes patience to understand what he is saying.

43、9. Not we succeed in letting wildlife live inpeace can we smile in relief.10. In addition,some sharpremarks,they areeyecatching, may have misleading effects on the youth.11. Interestingit may seem,I don，tlike it.12. This is thefirst timeI haveseen themoonlight I came here.13. I believe this sports meeting will remain aprecious memory for all of us time goes by.14. If the guests are seated at the table, the