中考英语语法复习被动语态语法专项讲义.docx

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1、被动语态一、语态分类英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被 ”、“由”的句式。二、被动语态的结构“被动语态”的构成是：be+过去分词+（by+动作执行者）例：His bicycle was stolen.他的自行车被偷。The building has been built in 2000.那个大楼 2000 年就被建筑了。三、常用被动语态的用法及构成四、主动语态变被动语态的方法类别构成例句一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are + 过去分词He is loved by all his pupils.一般过去时的被动语态was/w

2、ere + 过去分词Many trees were planted last year.一般将来时的被动语态will/shall/be going to + be + 过 去分词Children will be taken good care of by her现在完成时的被动语态have/has + been + 过去分词The door has been painted.含情态动词的被动语态can/must/should + be 过去分词The problem must be solved soon.转换图示:主动语态:They planted a tree.被动语态:主语谓语宾语A t

3、refewas Planted bbthem.宾语变主语/ be+过去分词/主语变为by 五、使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。例： Rice is grown in the south of China.(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。例：Smoking isnt allowed in the gas station.(3)需要强调和突出动作的承受着。彳列： Your work must be finished today.(4)句子的主语时物。彳列： Many houses were washed away by the flood.六、主动结构表被动的意义情况(1) ope

4、n, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时, 它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义。例： This kind of pen writes very smoothly.This kind of shirts sells well here.(2) look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。彳列： Uniforms look ugly on us. Mooncakes taste delicious.(3) be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。彳列：

5、 This book is worth reading.不规那么动词变化表ABB型变化动词原形过去式过去分词基本意义bendbentbent使变曲bringbroughtbrought带来；引起；产生buyboughtbought购买；采购catchcaughtcaught接住；抓住；赶上；染上dealdealtdealt分配；分给digdugdug挖（土）；掘地feelfeltfelt触摸（某物）；感觉到fightfoughtfought搏斗；奋斗；斗争；findfoundfound发现；找到；getgotgot/gotten收到；接到；得到；成为havehadhad有；吃；喝；进行；经受h

6、earheardheard听见；听说；得知holdheldheld拿住；抓住；抱；举行keepkeptkept留下；保存；继续laylaidlaid放置；产（卵）leaveleftleft离开；把留下；剩下Learnlearnt/ learnedlearnt/ learned学；学习；获悉；得知lendlentlent借出；借给loselostlost失去；丧失；损失makemademade做；制作；制造；使得meetmetmet遇见；碰见；相遇babysitbabysatbabysat照顾婴儿paypaidpaid付钱；给报酬saysaidsaid说，讲sellsoldsold卖；销售shi

7、neshoneshone发光；照耀；照射sitsatsat坐；就座sleepsleptslept睡，睡觉；睡着smellsmeltsmelt闻出；嗅；发出气味spendspentspent 用（钱）；花（时间）；度过standstoodstood站立；直立；位于；经受teachtaughttaught教，教授；传授telltoldtold告诉；讲述；吩咐thinkthoughtthought想，思考，认为understandunderstoodunderstood懂；理解；领会winwonwon赢；获胜；赢得，获得buildbuiltbuilt建筑，建造feedfedfed喂养hanghung

8、hung悬挂，吊sweepsweptswept清扫sendsentsent送，派shootshotshot射击spitspatspat吐（痰）spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱，损坏，破坏fleefledfled逃离leadledled引导；致便；领导misleadmisledmisled 把.引错方向;给带错路meanmeantmeant意思是ABA型变化动词原形过去式过去分词基本含义overcomeovercameovercome克服，战胜becomebecamebecome变为，成为comecamecome到来；出现runranrun跑，奔跑;ABC型变化动词原形过去式过去分词基本含

9、义Bewas/werebeen有；存在；是；成为beginbeganbegun开始blowblewblown吹，刮;吹响breakbrokebroken打破；损坏，撕开choosechosechosen选择，挑选，选取dodiddone做,干drinkdrankdrunk喝；饮drivedrovedriven驾驶（车）：驱赶eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下；跌落；变为flyflewflown飞；飞行；forgetforgotforgotten忘记；遗忘；忽视freezefrozefrozen（使）结冰；冷冻givegavegiven送给；授予；供给;gowentgone

10、去；离去；行驶；到达growgrewgrown变成；生长；发育；种植knowknewknown知道，懂得；了解；认识lielaylain躺;平卧;平放rideroderidden骑马、自行车等；搭乘ringrangrung（铃等）鸣响；打 riseroserisen上升；上涨；起立seesawseen看见；发觉；领会showshowedshown/showed 给看；展出;说明shakeshookshaken颤抖singsangsung唱，唱歌speakspokespoken说话；会说（语言）；发言stealstolestolen偷；窃取swimswamswum游水；游泳taketooktak

11、en拿；服用；乘坐；花费throwthrewthrown投，抛，扔，掷wakewokewoken醒，醒来，叫醒wearworeworn穿，戴writewrotewritten写，书写；写作，著述forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅hidehidhidden/hid躲，藏divedovedived跳水sinksanksunk/sunken下沉A-A-A 型动词原形过去式过去分词基本含义costcostcost价值为，花费；使付出cutcutcut切；割;剪；砍；削hurthurthurt使受伤痛；刺痛；伤害letletlet允许，让putputput放，摆；装入readreadread阅读，朗诵shutshutshut关上，封闭；紧闭；合拢upsetupsetupset使人不舒服betbetbet确信，打赌hithithit击中setsetset放置