考研英语语法 介词by of用法详解附译文.docx

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1、考研英语语法 介词by of用法详 解附译文by用法By是个很常见的介词，今天我们来介绍它的几个常见用法：1、被；由The feast was served by his mother and sisters.这顿美餐是他母亲 和他的姐妹们准备的。The child was saved by a PLA man.这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活 的。He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老师的表扬。书、音乐、绘画等)由创作，出自“a painting by Van Gogh.一幅凡高的画This book is written by Jack.这本书是杰克写的。a c

2、ollection of piano pieces by Mozart （莫扎特钢琴曲集） 3、表示方式、方法、手段等，“通过；用；凭”Well be travelling by car.我们将开车旅行。They can read by touch.他们可以通过手摸来阅读。I send a letter by post.我通过邮局寄信。Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan.把奶油和高汤一起放在平底锅里熬煮来制作调味料。4 .在旁边；接近Judith was sitting in a rocking-cha

3、ir by the window.朱迪丝正坐在户边的一张摇椅里。He gave me a story book when nobody was by.当附近无人的时候他把小说给了我。5 .经过；经由He kept walking and passed by me on his side of the street.他一直在街对面走着，并与街这边的我交错而过。He hurried by without a word.他匆匆地走过去没有说一句话。Time has gone by.时间已过去了。6 .在时候；到之前；不迟于By eight oclock he had arrived at my ho

4、tel.至I8 点时，他已经到 达我住的宾馆了。We all knew by then that the affair was practically over.到那时, 我们都知道事情实际上已经结束了。We should finish our work by tonight今晚之前我们要结束工作。7、（乘或除）以230cm divided by 22cm is 10.45cm. 230 厘米除以 22 厘米等于 10.45厘米。8、表7F幅度Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year.暴力犯 罪自去年以来增加了 10%o

5、The shot missed her by miles.那一枪没打中她，差了十万八千里。9、以计；按计Parcels arrived by the dozen from America.包裹成打地从美国运 来。billing is by the minute.以分钟计账。A Of用法1、用于连接两个名词，其中前者表示后者的特定方面Nine of the children came to the show.其中的九个孩子观看了演 出。He ate a piece of cake.他吃了片蛋糕。We had almost reached the end of the street.我们几乎到了街

6、的 尽头。2、用于连接两个名字或名词与现在分词，其中后者对前者进行限定或 补充She let out a little cry of pain.她疼得轻呼了一声。This has been a good chance of meeting up with everyone again. 这是一个和大家再次见面的好机会。3、用于有动词意味的名词后指名动作对象或主体The death of their father shocked us.他们父亲的死震惊了我们。the Marriage of Figaro.费加罗的婚礼4、用于指示数量或组群的词和短语后表示计量的对象My mother bought

7、 a dozen of eggs.我妈妈买了十二个鸡蛋。He has a collection of short stories.他有一部短篇小说集。5 .指示所属机构或地方Jack is the manager of this company.杰克是这家公司的经理。Hang Zhou is the capital of Zhe Jiang province.杭州是浙江省的省237o6 .指示容器A cup of coffee , please.请给我一杯咖啡。Marta drank a glass of juice.玛尔塔喝了一杯果汁。7、（表示材料或成分）由制作而成a mixture of

8、叩pies and bananas.苹果和香蕉的混合物。8、接形容词后表看法This has been so nice ,This has been so nice ,so terribly kind of you.您这么做真是太好心，太令我们感激不尽了。Thats certainly very generous of you Ton. fE尼，你真是慷慨大方。9 .指示某人或某事的特点 she didnt know the worth of her books,她不知道她的书的价值所 在。She is a woman of enviable beauty,她的美貌令人艳羡。10 .表示时间H

9、e was born at the turn of the century.他出生于世纪之交。on常见用法.动词+ona）动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组 act on对.有作用，bring on促使;导致,call on拜访某人count on依 赖,carry on 执行,depend on 取决,feed on 以为生,figure on 料想; 推断,go on 继续,have on 穿着,insist on 坚持,keep on 继续,lean on 依赖,live on以.为生,pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上,switch on接通 （电源），take to喜欢;养成;

10、轻易学会，turn on接通（电源），work on操 作,wait on侍候。b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)base on 以.为基础，congratulate on 恭贺，fix on 固定，have mercy on 怜悯,have pity on 怜惜，keep watch on 监视，spend on 把时间、 精力花在某方面。1 .be+形容词+on的词组 be dependent on 依赖，be hard on 对某人苛亥,be impressed on 对印象深刻，be keen on渴望,be strict on对严格。3.on+名词构成的词组o

11、n board乘(车，飞机),on call听候召唤,on duty值班,on earth到底 on fire 着火,on foot 步彳亍，on guard 在岗,on hire 雇用,on holiday 度假 at常见用法at构成的词组比拟多，要细心区分。1 .动词+ atarrive at抵达,call at访问某地,catch at(it)当场抓住，come at攻击, fire at向开火,glance at瞟一眼，glare at怒目而视，grieve at忧伤, knock at 敲,laugh at 嘲笑,look at看一眼 pull at拉扯,rejoice at对. 高

12、兴,smile at向某人微笑，shoot at朝射击，stare at怒目而 视,thrust at 刺向，tear at 撕,tremble at 颤抖,wonder at 吃惊,work at工作。2 . be +形容词/过去分词+ at be angry at 恼怒于，be alarmed at 对保持警觉,be astonished at 对.吃惊,be bad at不擅长,be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at 高兴,be disgusted at 厌恶，be disappointed at 又寸.失望,be good at擅长，be impatien

13、t at对不够耐心,be mad at狂热于,be pleased at又寸感至I高兴,be present at 出席,be satisfied at，茜意,be surprised at 吃惊,be shocked at对非常震惊 zbe terrified at受到 的恐吓,be quick at对很机敏。3 .at+名词构成的词组at a distance 在一定距离，at a loss 不知所措，at a time 一次，at all 一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是,at first 起初,at hand手头zat heart在内心里,at home在家;无拘束zat last 最后,at least 至少，at most 最多,at once 马上，at present 目前。