考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文n.docx

《考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文n.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文n.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析 详解附译文1. In the early days , too f longlines would have been more saturated with fish Some individuals would therefore not have been caught , since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them f leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.结构： In the early days , t

2、oo , longlines 主would have been 为 more saturated with fish 宾. Some individuals 主would therefore not have been caught ii （被动）,since no baited hooks 主would have been available to 谓 trap them , leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past 宾单词：Longline n.多钩长线延绳钓 直译：海洋被过度捕捞已经众所周知好几年了。像RM和BW这样的

3、研究人员的研究证明了事情改变得有多快，他们研究了来自全世界的半 个世纪的渔场数据译文：海洋被过度捕捞这一情况为人所知已有数年。就像兰森米尔斯和 波利斯沃姆这些年所研究的，事物正在快速的变化着。他们研究了半个 世纪以来世界上所有渔场的数据重点：.that是代词而非引导词，后面的句子是定语从句修饰that what弓I导的是主语从句,其中主语是researchers，谓语是haveshown ,这个句子做主语，其系动词是is how引导表语从句，做is的表语Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass ( the amoun

4、t of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean , but rather changes in that biomass over time . According to their latest paper published in Nature , the biomass of large predators ( animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 8

5、0% within 15 years of the start of exploitation . In some long-fished areas , it has halved again since then .结构:Their methods 主do not attempt to i胃estimate the actual biomass ( the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean , but rather changes in that biom

6、ass over time 宾.According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators ( animals that kill and eat other animals ) in a new fishery 主is reduced on 谓(被动) average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitationIn some long-fished areas 状,it 主has halved 谓againsince then

7、 状 单词：predator n.食肉动物词组：Attempt to企图尝试According to 根据 解析: 主语或者宾语中加入了很多介词短语,加长了主语和宾语的长度,比如。f、in的短语 括号中的内容表示解释说明直译：他们的方法并不打算评估海洋中特定区域的鱼类实际的生物总量 （活着的生物物种的数量），而是在某段时间里生物的变化量。根据他们在自然杂志上发表的最新论文，在一个新渔场里，食肉动物（动 物捕杀和吃其他动物）的生物量，在开发利用后的15年里，平均减少 了 80%o在一些长期捕捞的区域，在此基础上会再减少一半译文：其研究方法并不是为了估算海洋特定区域中鱼类的实际生物量 （存活的生物

8、物种数量），而是随着时间的推移这些生物量发生的变化。根据他们最近在自然杂志上发表的文章，一个新渔场在被开发后的 15年里大型食肉动物的生物量平均减少了 80%。在一些长期捕捞的区 域，大型食肉动物的数量在此基础上减少了一半重点： 主语或者宾语中加入了很多介词短语,加长了主语和宾语的长度,比如。f、in的短语.括号中的内容表示解释说明Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative . One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved . Today s ves

9、sels can find their prey using satellites and sonar , which were not available 50 years ago 结构： Dr. Worm 主acknowledges 谓 宾语从句：that these figures 主are M conservative S. One reason for this 主is 系 表语从句:that fishing technology 主has improved ffl. Today7 s vessels 主can find i胃their prey using satellites a

10、nd sonar 宾, 非限制性定语从句：which 主 were not 系available 50years ago 状单词：Vessel n.渔船Prey n.猎物解析： that引导宾语从句，做acknowledges的宾语 that引导表语从句，做is的表语Which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整句话直译：沃姆博士承认，这些数据是保守的。其中的原因之一是捕鱼技术 提升了。今天的渔船能够通过卫星和声纳找到他们的猎物，而这在50 年前是做不到的 译文：沃姆博士称这些数字比较保守。其中一个原因是当今捕鱼技术已 经大大改善，如今，渔船可以通过卫星和声纳这些50年前没有的技术 来寻找猎物

11、重点： that引导宾语从句，做acknowledges的宾语.that引导表语从句，做is的表语 Which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整句话5. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes .结构： That 主 1 means 谓 1 a higher pr

12、oportion of what is in the sea 主 2 is being caught 谓 2,so the real difference between present and past 主is likely to 谓be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes 宾词组：Be likely to 很可能解析：主谓主谓的结构，其中第二个主谓是从句直译：这意味着，海洋中有更高比例的鱼被抓到了，所以现在和过去的真正差异很可能在于实际的捕捉规模变化量比记录的更严重译文：这意味着，更多的海洋生物正在被捕获，所以现在和过

13、去的真正差距可能比捕捞量变化所记录的更糟糕 重点:主谓主谓的结构，其中第二个主谓是从句。saturate vt.使饱和 是充满 词组：Saturate with 使充满Be available to 能够Lead to通向导致直译：早期，延绳钓能钓到更多的鱼。因此，一些个体不会被捕获，由 于没有鱼饵的鱼钩无法捕捉他们，这就导致了对过去鱼群数量的低估译文:早期，多钓长线能钓到更多的鱼。过去没有带诱饵的鱼钩来捕鱼， 因此，有些鱼逃过一劫，这导致鱼的储量被低估了Furthermore , in the early days of longline fishing , a lot of fish we

14、re lost to sharks after they had been hooked . That is no longer a problem , because there are fewer sharks around now .结构： Furthermore , in the early days of longline fishing , a lot of fish 主were lost i胃to sharks after they had been hooked That is no longer a problem , 原因状语从句 :because there are fe

15、wer sharks around now直译:而且，早期的多钩长线钓鱼，许多鱼在被钓到以后被鲨鱼吃掉了。 现在，这不再是一个问题了，因为这附近已经没有什么鲨鱼了译文：此外，早期用多钩长线捕鱼的日子里，有许多鱼在上钩后，又被 鲨鱼吃掉了。现在，这不再是个问题，因为海里的鲨鱼已经少多了Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline , which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support

16、an idea current among marine biologist , that of the “shifting baseline ”.结构： Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm 主argue if 宾语从句 :that their work 主gives 谓a correct baseline宾. 非限制性定语从句：which future management efforts 主must take into account 谓. They 主believe if宾语从句 :the data 主support 谓an idea current amongmarine b

17、iologist, that of the shifting baseline 宾 单词：Correct a.正确的 恰当的合适的Marine a.海洋的海事的词组：Take into account考虑重视体谅直译：M博士和W博士认为，他们的成果给出了一个合适的基准线, 在未来的管理工作中必须要考虑这个基准线。他们认为，这些数据支持了海洋生物学家间流行的一个理论，就是不断变化的基准线理论 译文：米尔斯博士和沃姆博士声称，他们的工作将会提供一个准确的捕 捞基线，这个基线是未来管理中必须要考虑的。他们认为这一数据支持 了一个目前在海洋生物学家中普遍认可的观点,那就是变化的基线The notion

18、 is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.结构:The notion 主is 系表语从句：that people 主have failed to 谓detect the massive changes 宾定语从句：which主have happened谓in the ocean 状原因状语从句:bec

19、ause they 主have been looking back谓 only a relatively short time into the past 状直译：这个观点是人们没有探测到海洋里发生的巨大变化，因为他们只 观察了过去相对较短时期 译文：这种观点认为，人们没有观察到海洋中发生的巨大变化，因为他们只回顾了过去相对较短的一段时间的情况That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the bioma

20、ss of a target species is about 50% of its original levels . Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business .结构：That matters because theory 主suggests 谓宾语从句 :that the maximum sustainable yield 主定语从句 比hat 主can be cropped i胃from a fishery comes 谓时间状语从句 :when the biomass of a targ

21、et species 主is 系about 50% of its original levels 表.Most fisheries are well below that,非限制性定语从句:which is a bad way to do business 宾直译：这很重要，因为这个理论指出，当目标物种的生物量是它原始水 平的50%时，渔场才能保持它最大的产量。多数的渔场都十分低于这 个标准，这是一个糟糕的做事方式 译文：这一点很重要，因为从理论上看,当目标物种的生物量保持在原 始水平的50%左右时，才可以从渔场中获得最大的可持续产量，然而, 大多数渔场远远低于这个数字，这样做生意是不对的。1

22、. When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world , something strange happened to the large animals : they suddenly became extinct . Smaller species survived . The large , show-growing animals were easy game , and were quickly hunted to extinction . Now something similar could be happening in

23、 the oceans .结构：时间状语从句：When prehistoric man 主arrived in if newparts of the world 宾,something strange 主happened 谓to the large animals 状: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived . The large , show-growing animals 主were 系easy game 表,and were quickly hunted to 谓（被动）extinction 宾. Now somet

24、hing similar 主could be happening 谓in the oceans 状单词：prehistoric a.史前的词组：Parts of.的部分/区域Hunt to捕猎解析： when引导时间状语从句冒号表示解释说明直译：当史前人类成为这个世界的新组成部分时，一些奇怪的事情发生 在大型动物身上：它们突然就灭绝了。而较小的物种存活了下来。大型 的，生长缓慢的动物很容易玩完，以及被猎杀至灭绝。今天，类似的事 情可能正在海洋里发生译文：当史前人类到达这个世界的新区域时，一些奇怪的事情发生在大 型动物身上：它们突然就灭绝了。较小的物种存活了下来。体型庞大, 生长缓慢的动物易于猎

25、取，很快被猎杀殆尽。现在，类似的事情可能会 发生在海洋中重点： Parts of.的部分/区域 Hunt to捕猎 when引导时间状语从句 冒号表示解释说明2. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years . What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing . They have looked at half a century of data from fishe

26、ries around the world 结构: That 主 1定语从句 :the seas 主 2 are being overfished 谓 2 has been known 谓 1 for years 状. 主语从句：What researchers 主such as Ransom Myers andBoris Worm have shown 谓is 系 表语从句：just how fast things 主are changing 谓. They 主have looked at i胃half a century of data 宾from fisheries around the world 状单词：fishery n.渔场渔业词组：Look at观察研究解析：.that是代词而非引导词，后面的句子是定语从句修饰thatwhat引导的是主语从句，其中主语是researchers，谓语是haveshown ,这个句子做主语，其系动词是ishow引导表语从句，做is的表语