译林版高中英语选修8优化教案 Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Grammar.docx

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1、Section IVGrammar & Writing单元语法省略KEQIANZIZHULINGWU课堂要点精析K 日 ANGYAODIANJINGXI语法图解(在简单句中的应用(一)在并列句中的应用 fuh,卬小出省f宾语从句中的省略K主从复合句中的省略 状语从句中的省略略 不定式的省略 定语从句中的省略 31替代性省略探究发现In the story, a girl named Zhu Yingtai is stubborn and wants to go to school, but can，t (go to school) because only boys are admitted.

2、If he says he 11 come, he will (come).but the performance (that) I saw was the first time Turandot was staged inside the Forbidden City.This is the book (which) you were looking for yesterday.I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to (see the film).However, although he would like to (break h

3、is promise), he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.Once (the plan is) carried out, the plan can t be changed.We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient.If (it is) necessary, please call me up.He told me (that) he had two sons

4、 and that they both had gone to college.The boy said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.我的发现(1)第组例句属于承前省略。(2)第组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省 略。第组为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。(4)第组例句为状语丛句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物,He developed an interest

5、 in pop music, which made him start to write pop songs3.用强调句改写句8It_j_his_gift_fo_musig_aiid_his_wide_yariety_9f_works_that_make_jiini_famoiis_wo rldwide.第五步：过渡衔接联成篇Sanbao,whosc reajiamjg Na Ris(m4s aeative Chinesc composeiBorn jn Jima968,SanbaQ same froiq a family 9f musiciaiis He Started playiiig t

6、he yiolin at JhgaweOf_foiijand_thg_piaiiQ_atLthe_age_oLdevenJniggGjhC_atteiidea_CentraLC onservatory 9f Musigii order tQ stiidyonductiii2 Diiriiig thaUime lie developea an interest Jn pomiisic,yhich piadeiini start to yTite pogongs-Since theii,jheias Deeidevotea toomposiiig soiigsSanbaQ)vaS Dorii fo

7、i jmisij HenaS Sondiicted injmaiiY SymphoiiY OrchestraSaL home and abroad)Meanwhile,Jie is devoteao creatiiig jmisic for TV series,jnovies, and advertisementsAndmShiS gift fojWUsiC andhiS widc yarietYfvorks that make jiirq famousvoiidwidejAmong alLhisvorks,77i0 Zij?W jg his piost famous 9ne且由人称代词的主格

8、担当，而从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一 起省略。(5)第组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语为it,谓语为is/was时，可以将 it js/was 省略。(6)第组体现的是当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的由连词that连接的宾语从句时, 只可省略第一个连词that的情况。在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语 法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词 法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。在此，我们只研究句法的省略和替 代省略。一、省略在简单句中的应用1 .祈使句的省略。在祈使句中

9、通常省略主语。(You) Do be careful of such things in the future.今后一定要小心此类事情。(You) Speak a little slower. I cant follow you.你讲慢一点，我听不清楚。2 .在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。(Is there) Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗？3 .疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。Are you a student?Yes, I am (a student).你是一名学生吗？是的，我是(一名学生)。4 .感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的

10、部分。What a beautiful girl (she is)!(她是)多漂亮的一个女孩呀！即时演练1(1)单句语法填空(天津高考改编)一Marys been offered a job in a university, but she doesn，t want to take it.But why? If s a very good chance.一I went to an exhibition this morning.一With whom (who)?写出下列句子的省略部分(X)(Are there) Any questions?一Are you tired?一Yes, I am (

11、tired).What a hot day (it_is)!二、省略在并列句中的应用在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分，后一部分则常被省略掉， 以免重复。He teaches English and his brother (teaches) maths.他教英语，他弟弟教数学。Your advice made me happy, but (your advice made) Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。即时演练2(1)单句语法填空(全国卷 II 改编)Jane won t join us for dinner tonight and Tom won，t

12、either,She could have applied for that job, but she didnt (not).(2)合并句子My shirt is white. His shirt is blue.f M Ywhirt jgihitC and hisDlue.Tom turned on the radio. Tom listened to English.f Toiq turneaij the radiQ aiK| listened tQ EngHsh.三、主从复合句中的省略1 .宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个thatoI know

13、(that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。2 .在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词含有be,从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者 从句的主语是it,常常可以把从句中的主语和be一起省略掉。这种省略现象通常出现在以 when, while, as, until, once, whether, if, unless, though, even if, where 等连词连接的时间、条 件、让步、地点等状语从句中。He fell in love with the girl while (h

14、e was) on a visit to New York.他是在游览纽约时爱上那位姑娘的。He will not go to the party even if (he is) invited.即使受到邀请，他也不去参加晚会。即时演练3句型转换When you are listening to your teacher, you must be careful.f When listeninY to your teacher, you must be careful.You shouldn91 come to his party unless you are invited.f You sh

15、ouldn，t come to his party unless invited.3 .定语从句中的省略。若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代 词一般可省略。The car (which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。即时演练4句型转换I bought two books in the bookstore and they are very interesting.f The two books I bought in the bookstore

16、 are very interesting.四、不定式的省略1 .并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号too但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时, 不能省略tooThe book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2 .某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see

17、, watch, notice, observe等 后面作宾补的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。My mother wouldn，t let me go to see the fllm.我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3 .不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so,但一定要有 上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have, be的任何形式，to后要保 留原形have和be。After he came back from the war

18、, he was a mere shadow of the man he used to be.从战场返回后，他就衰弱得不成样子。一Have you told Ann about her failure in the test?一Yes, but 1 oughtn，t to have (told her about it).你告诉安关于她考试不及格的事情了吗？是的。但是我本来不该告诉她。4 .介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。He could do nothing but give in to the robber.他什么也不能做只能屈服于劫

19、匪了。即时演练5完成句子He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he is allowe（!o （被允许）.一Did you buy milk?一No, meanto （我本打算买的）,but the shop was shut.The workers were made to”erwork （被迫加班）.We have nothing to do now bujyait （除了等）.Im really puzzled hoW tQ jhiiiK and say （怎么想，怎么说）.五、替代性省略1 .在一些交际用语中，think, suppose, expect,

20、 believe, guess, hope 等后常用 so, not 替 代上文出现的内容。Do you believe he lied?一I believe not/that he didn，t lie.你相信他撒谎了吗？我不相信。2 . so, nor, neither常用于句首替代前面提到的情况。If Joes wife won t go to the party, neither will he.如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会，那乔也不会去。3.1 f so; if any中的so和any用来替代前面的情况。即时演练6完成句子一Everyone believes the plan is pr

21、actical. What about you?Ldon t_thinKS。（我不这么认为）.一Do you think he will win the game?Jiopc jnot （我希望不）.Bill wasn，t happy about the delay of the report of Jason, and neithei yas（我也不 满意）.I .单句语法填空1. In the car accident the child was hurt, but the mother killed （kill）.2. 一What do you think made Mary so up

22、set?-Losing （lose） her bicycle.3 The results of the medical check-up suggested that my father was in poor health, so the doctor suggested that he （should）give （give） up smoking and take more exercise.4. 一Why didn91 you come to my birthday party yesterday evening? You promised tocome!一I would have, b

23、ut I had to look after my sister.5. We will have a meeting next week, but we dont know where,6. Would you like to go with us?一Yes, I1 d like to.7. Have you got any particular plans for the coming winter vacation?Yes. If possible, V m going to visit my grandparents.8. Though not rich, Guo Mingyi make

24、s his effort to help those in poverty.9. Had it not been for our teachers, wed never have been able to enter this university.10. Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just as many.11. 完成句子（使用恰当的省略结构完成下列句子）1. 一It is said that you are still a leading chef in

25、that five-star hotel. Is that true?一No, but _use（|_tQ_De （我以前是）.2. Students are not allowed to enter the principaf s office unless requiredLto/asked。 （被要求）have a talk with him.3. While staring Rt_（盯着看）the colourful goldHsh in the pond, he almost losthimself in the situation and everything around him

26、 even became silent.4. It is said that house prices will continue to decline in the next few years.（我希望如此）.The present prices are beyond the reach of most common people.5. 一He wasnJ t punished for his severe mistakes in the exam.Yes, but he should have Deeii （他本应该被惩罚的）.6. （2015北京高考改编）If accepte（j fo

27、i：theob （你被录取做这个工作），you，11 be informed soon.7. John spent three years studying the skills of playing chess. Even s。（即使如此）,he still couldn t defeat his rival.8. You can never imagine the difficulty I had solving the problem （解决问题）.iil短文改错When you take a test, you may feel shaky, sweaty, with your hea

28、rt beat quickly. It means you get test anxiety. Actually, test anxiety is the type of performance anxiety. You feel worrying about how you can perform well and focus with some bad things that may happen. Test anxiety creates more pressure on you, that may prevent you doing your best. But test anxiet

29、y can overcome. The following method can help deal with test anxiety and let you to get a high score. First, make full preparations for the test and think positive. Then, learnsome breathing exercises to help calm you down. 答案：第一句：beat- beating第三句：thefa第四句：worrying-,-worried; with-*on第五句：that-*-whic

30、h第六句：在overcome前加be第七句：methodf methods;去掉 to第八句：positive-,positively第九句：you-yourself一、基本结构写人物传记时，应包括人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、主要事件(what)等内容。 写作时，要做到主题鲜明，内容清楚，并注意结构的完整性。1.开头(1)直接开头法：这是最常见的一种开头方法。一般从人物的出生开始，按照时间先后 顺序安排人物的典型事迹。(2)倒叙开头法：这种方法常用于介绍在世的人物，通常截取最近发生在人物身上的一 个典型的镜头进行切入，接着提及人物的过去。(3)重要事件开头法：先点出人

31、物生平最重要的事迹，或者他身上最显著的特点。接着 展开介绍人物；可以继续按照从重要到次要排列介绍人物的其他事迹，也可以接着用第一 种方法，即按照时间顺序继续展开。2.正文(1)直叙法：按照人物生卒年月的顺序，依次列举人物较有代表性的事迹。(2)倒叙法：采用由近到远的时间顺序，叙述人物的生平。(3)事迹法：按照事件对人物重要性的大小依次叙述。3.结尾(1)直接结束法：以人物的卒年或者距离现在最近的一个事件直接结束文章。(2)评论结束法：根据上文叙述，加入作者对人物的看法和评价。(3)引用：引用其他人对该人物的评价来结束文章。二、增分佳句He is honest and always ready

32、to help others. Thats why we chose him monitor.他诚实而且总是乐于助人，这就是我们选他为班长的原因。1. She is tall and slim with big dark eyes and black hair.她细长高挑，有一双大大的黑眼睛和一头黑发。2. Her story tells us that we should value what we have, and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.她的故事告诉我们，要珍惜我们拥有的东西，努力去克服生活中的困难。3. I ad

33、mire her because she is optimistic about life.我钦佩她因为她对生活乐观。4. He is regarded as a fighter by most of the people in the world.他被世界上的大多数人看作是一位斗士。5. From 1753, with his skills increasing, he began to become popular.1753年之后，随着能力的提高他开始变得受欢迎起来。题目要求请根据下表内容写一篇板报稿，介绍著名作曲家三宝的生平。Name三宝（本名：那日松）Nationality中国Date

34、 of birth1968 年 6 月Early years三宝出生于音乐世家，四岁开始学习小提琴，十岁开始学 习钢琴。 1986年三宝考入中央音乐学院学习指挥。在校期间，三宝对 流行音乐产生了极大的兴趣并开始尝试流行歌曲创作，此后他 致力于作曲。Achievements多次在国内外交响乐团的演出活动中担任指挥，并致力于从 事影视音乐和广告音乐的创作。这些都让他一直以来以音乐天 分和作品的多兀化而著栋。亚运之光（T/zeLig姐成为流行乐坛的出色代表。注意：1 .词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：中央音乐学院Central Conservatory of Music

35、交响乐团 symphony orchestra第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1 .确定体裁：本文为人物传记。2 .确定人称：本文应用第三人称。3 .确定时态：写人物的背景及早期生活时用一般过去时,写人物的成就、贡献及影响 时用现在完成时和一般现在时。二、构思第一段：基本情况介绍及成长经历。第二段：取得成就及评价。第二步：核心词汇想周全creative创作的1. conduct 指挥deteresjn 对感兴趣2. 致力于at home ana abraad 国内外3. gift才华第三步：由词扩句雏形现1 .三宝，本名那日松，是中国一位创作型的作曲家。(and连接并列句)SanbaQ_s_a_

36、eative_Chinese_s()mposei_aiid_|iiS_FeaLjiame_js_Na_Rison22 . 1968年6月他生于音乐世家。(过去分词作状语)Bornn Jime,1968,h2_ame_frorq 2_familY 9f jniisiciaiis3 .为学习指挥，1986年他考入中央音乐学院学习。(in order to)InjggG-he attended CentraLCQnservatory Of MusiC inrdei tQ studyondiictiii 区.他对流行音乐产生了极大的兴趣。(develop an interest)Hc Gevelope

37、(|ae iiiterest in po0 piusic.这使他开始写流行歌曲。(make sb. do sth.)It jnade hiiq start tQ)vrite poR soiies.4 .自那以后，他致力于创作歌曲。(简单句)Sincc theiii Jic lias DeeL devoteagomosiiig_goiigs5 .他致力于影视音乐和广告音乐的创作。(create)Hc jg devoted toreatiiig jnusig foJlY series,pisvies,aiid adveilisements.6 .他的音乐天分和作品的多元化使他举世闻名。(简单句)His gift foi jnusic gii(|niS 3Vidc varicty 9Lyvorks jnakeiini farnoiis)Oiidwidc.第四步：句式升级造亮点.用whose引导定语从句改写句1SaiibaOi whsc Feaname|g”a RisoiiH,|g a greativc Chinescomposer.1 .用which引导非限定性定语从句改写句4和句5