1996-1999年考研英语试题.docx

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1、1996年年全真试题Part I C bze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A , B, |_Cand D|. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Vitamins are organic compounds necessa

2、ry in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 2 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 3 is missing a

3、 deficiency disease becomes 4 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 5 nitrogen. They are different 6 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 7 one or more specific functions in the body.8_ enough vitamins is essential

4、to life, although the body has no nutritional use for_9 vitamins. Many people, 10, believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins.However, a well balanced dietw ill usually m eetall the bodys vitam in needs.一、文章总体分析本文是篇介绍维生素的科普性小短文。文章首段对维生素下定义。第二段介绍了维生 素的两大功能:将食物转化成能量和维持身体健康。第三段介绍了

5、各种维生素的异同:基本 组成元素相同,但排列方式不同,并且各自承担一到多种特殊功能。第四段指出：不需要获 取过量的维生素，均衡的饮食通常就可以完全满足身体对它们的需求了。二、试题具体解析1. A eitherB soC nor D never精解本题考核的知识点是:否定倒装句的连词。空格前文讲到维生素不能提供能量,是个否定句;后文讲到它们构建身体的任何部分, 是倒装句,因此选项必须既能引导倒装句,又能与前面的否定相呼应。四个选项中,either表示“也”,可以用在否定句中,但一般放在句尾,例如:She didnt go there, either （她也不去）；so可以引导倒装句,但它用在肯定

6、句中表示“也,如:They can leave now, so can we.（他们现在可以离开了,我们也能）。nor也可以引导倒装句,并可用在 否定句中,构成not. nor.（既不也不）固定结构，如:You cant do it, nor can I.（你不 能做这件事,我也不能）；never也可以引导倒装句,表示否定,但它必须放在句首,如： Never in my life have I heard such nonsense.（我辈子都没听说过这样的无稽之谈）。综合以 上因素,C为正确选项。2. A shifting替换，转移B transferring迁移，移动，传递C alteri

7、ng 改变，变动D transforming 转换,改变精解本题考核的知识点是:习惯搭配+动词词义辨析。空格所在句子的含义是“需要维生素将食物2为能量,以维持身体的健康、空格填入的 分词需和into搭配,并符合文意。transform常与into搭配,强调的是“事物大的变革或质的 改变”。在此从food （食物）SO energy （能量）的转变是种质的改变,因此,D符合句意。shift 不与 into 搭配,如:The wind shifted to the south （风转向南吹）；transfer 多用于位 置的改变,也不与 into 搭配,如:His employer transfe

8、rred him to another office.（老板把他调 到了另一个办公室）；alter强调部分或少量的变动,程度较轻,如:These clothes are too large; they must be altered.（这些衣服太大,得修改）。因此以上三个词都不能表示事物质的改变。知识点补充:trans-为前缀,与动词连用,表示“横过,越过”或“转变,转移”,例如:transact （办理,交易,谈判,处理，transatlantic （横渡大西洋的），trans-national （跨越国界的）， transplant （移植），transport （运输）。3. A any

9、 任何个B some 一些C anything 任何事物D something 某事物精解本题考核的知识点是:不定代词的用法。空格所在句子是个由and连接的并列句,前个分句There are thirteen or more of them 中的them指的是vitamins,后个分句是个由if引导的条件状语从句,意为“如果缺乏, （会出现）维生素缺乏症。”由于if引导的从句中谓语动词is是单数,因而,只能由一个表 示单数意义的不定代词作为被选项。首先排除some,它般用于肯定句,做主语时谓语动词用复数;其次anything与 something泛指任何事或某些事,放入句中不符句意;any放入

10、后相当于any of them,即“任 何维生素”。注意any一般用于否定或疑问句中,做主语时,谓语动词常用单数,如:Any of the hunters is able to catch the tiger single-handed.（任何个猎人都能单独抓住老虎）。因此答 案只能选Ao4. A serious严重的,严肃的,认真的 B apparent明显的C severe严厉的,剧烈的,严峻的 D fata）致命的精解本题考核的知识点是:形容词词义辨析。本题要求考生判断,如果缺乏任何种维生素,缺乏症就会变得怎样。四个备选项表示 的程度不同,从语意的角度来说都可以与disease相搭配。但

11、是,根据上下文,这里需要填 入一个准确描述疾病症状的词。serious、severe和fatal这几个词都表示程度严重,甚至危及 生命。但上下文没有暗示缺乏一种维生素会导致严重的后果,因此,这三个词都不可作为被 选项。apparent只是简单地描述了疾病的症状,为正确选项。5. A mostly大部分,主要地 B partially部分地C sometimes有时候D rarely很少地,罕有地精解本题考核的知识点是：逻辑语义搭配+副词词义辨析。本句破折号后举例说明维生素的组成成分:碳、氢、氧和5氮,and表明各成分之间为 并列关系,那么,选项应与usually相呼应。usually是频度副词

12、,选项也应是频度副词。选 项中，mostly和partially不是频率副词，而是强调事物部分与整体的关系，如:The audience consisted mostly of women.（观众主要是妇女）；The driver is partially to blame for the accident. （司机对那次车祸应负部分责任）。rarely是频率副词,但它含否定含义,若用于句中,之 前的连词and应改为表示转折关系的but。所以只有sometimes为正确选项。全句意为“通常 是碳、氢、氧,有些时候还有氮”。6. A in that在方面;因为B sothat以致,以便,（引导结

13、果或目的状语从句）C such that那样,以至,（不能连接两个完整的句子）D except that 除了精解本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系。上句提到维生素相似的原因,这句开始提到维生素也是有区别的,由于两个句子是平行 的结构,我们可以预测,本句的后半句也会解释为什么不同。下文果然提到原因是“元素的 排列方式不同,每种元素在人体内（有）一种或多种特殊功能因此空格处应填入表因果 关系并连接原因状语从句的短语。选项中，except that不表因果,so that和such that后面接 结果。只有in Ihal后面接原因,并且空格前面的differenl与介词in连用,表示“在哪一方面 不同

14、”。例句补充:Self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.（自我批评 是必要的,因为它能帮助我们改正错误）；Speak louder so that all the people in the hall can hear you.（大声点讲,以便大厅里的人都能听清）；The situation was such that political observers found it difficult to predict.（形势如此,连政治观察家们也觉得难以预料）;His account is c

15、orrect except that some details are omitted.（除了有些细节未提到之外，他的叙述是正确的）。7. A undertakes承担,采取B holds保存,把握,握有C plays担当,承担D performs表演,执行,履行精解本题考核的知识点是:动宾搭配。本题考查动词与function的搭配。卩4个选项中能与function搭配的只有perform,即 perform a function （具有.的功能，发挥的作用）,如:The brain performs a very important function: it controls the ner

16、vous system of the body.（大脑具有非常重要的功能，它控制着身体 内的神经系统）。在文中,它意为“每种元素在人体内承担一种或多种特殊的功能”。其它能 与function搭配的动词还有fulfill serve等。其它选项的常用搭配有:undertake a mission/task/project承担使命任务工程;hold a share持有股份;play a role/part扮演角色。8. A Supplying给,供给,提供,补充B Getting获得,变成,收获,使得C Providing供应，供给,准备，预防D Furnishing供应,提供,装备，布置精解本题

17、考核的知识点是:动名词的逻辑主语+动词词义辨析。本题空格所在句子是个含让步状语从句的复合句:8enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for9vitamins其中空格部分和 enough vitamins 构成动 名词的复合结构做主句的主语。考生关键要判断出,空格处填入的动名词的逻辑主语也就是 后面although引导的让步状语从句中的主语,B|J ： the body这样,动名词所表示的动作必 须是the body发出来的,又能接enough vitamins做宾语。选项中,

18、Supplying, Providing和 Furnishing均表示“提供,供应”,动作的发出者不是“身体”。句子表达的含义是身体需要获 取维生素的营养,而不是“提供”,因此只有Getting （获取,获得）符合。知识点补充:supply、provide、furnish是组近义词,都有“提供,供应”含义。furnish 主要指提供些基本的必要物品,可译为“配备”，如:furnish the new apartment（为新房间配 备家具）；supply强调“提供物品以备需要的时候用”,可译为“供给,供应”,它常和with搭 配，如:supply the market with new com

19、modities （向市场供应新商品）；provide 也强调“提供 物品,为做准备”,它常和介词for, with和against搭配。provide.with.意为“给.提供”， provide for/against 都指“为可能的困难做准备,防备”,如 He worked hard to provide for his old age.（他努力赚钱以防老）。9. A exceptional例外的,异常的B exceeding非常的,极度的,过度的C excess额外的，多余的D externa!外部的,客观的，外用的精解本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+形容词词义辨析。本题空格所在部分是

20、although引导的让步状语从句。前面主句提到,获取足够维生素是 必要的,因此从句很可能要从相反的角度来说明获取维生素对人体的意义。have use for是 固定短语,意为“需要主要用于否定和疑问句中,如:I have no further use for it.（我不再 需要它了）。因此,根据所在从句的含义,考生需判断人体对什么维生素没有营养上的需要。 选项中,首先排除external和exceptional,因为不存在“外部的维生素或“例外的维生素； 剩下两个选项中，exceeding用来指被修饰的成分超出了-一般的限度,如:exceeding darkness （极度黑暗），exce

21、eding beauty （美丽无比）,显然，它不能宜接修饰“维生素只有excess 指“超过正常或所需数额的数量”,强调“摄入过多的维生素符合逻辑。10. A nevertheless然而,不过，（表示转折关系）B therefore因此，所以，（表因果关系）C moreover而且，此外，（表示递进关系）D meanwhile （=at the same time）同时,（表示时间关系）精解本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。两个逗号之间的空格处应填入一个逻辑连接词，因此考生需判断空格所在句子和上文之 间的逻辑关系。上文提到，过量维生素对身体没有营养价值，接着作者指出很多人的心态： 为“安全考虑

22、,而服用额外的维生素。从语意上看，两句之间存在转折关系,选择项应该是 个表示转折关系的词，因此nevertheless为正确答案。整个句子意为“尽管获取过量的维生 素对身体没有营养价值,但很多人出于安全考虑，还是摄取额外的维生素。”三、全文翻译饮食中含有的少量有机化合物维生素是促进动物（包括人）正常发育和维系生命的必 需成分。维生素既不提供热量，也不能构建身体的某个部分。它们被用来将食物转化为能量并维 持身体的健康。维生素至少有十三种，如果缺乏任何 种，缺乏症疾病就会表现出来。各种维生素都比较相似，因为它们由同样的元素组成一通常是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。 它们之间的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的

23、元素排列方式不同,并且每种元素在人体内承担 种或多种具体功能。尽管获取过量的维生素对身体没有营养价值,但获得足够的维生素对人的生命是至关重 要的。然而，很多人出于安全考虑,还是摄取额外的维生素。不过,实际上均衡的饮食通常 就可以完全满足身体对维生素的需求了。Part IIR eading C om prehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked A, B , C and D . Read

24、the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Tight lipped eldeis used to say, Tts not w hat you want in 1h is world, but what you get Psych

25、ology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have

26、friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin wi

27、th yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in fill

28、ing out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and

29、 reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the fir

30、m. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing ajob is your job now.、文章结构总分析文章是篇介绍求职前应进行准备工作的说明文。文章先指出“所想与“所得”两个概 念,并指出实现“所想的关键是做事前要制定计划,进而具体到找工作前准备简历的重要性。第一至二段:先通过谚语说明一种传统的观点:得到的算数,接

31、着提到现代心理学的 观点:如果知道自己想要什么,并且要求合理,就能实现。两段都围绕“所想”和“所得”两个 概念展开论述。第三段：以请客吃饭为例说明在日常生活中，制定计划的普遍性。第四至六段：先提出文章中心思想，即找工作前也需要制定计划。接着说明简历对于求 职者的意义,即可作为填写正式申请表的参考，而且能帮助求职者将自己的能力有条理地展 现出来。最后作者就找工作提出了具体的建议。三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析长难句分析IVs notw hat you want in this world, but what you get.句中is not.but.的结构表示“不是而是”否定前者,肯定后者。知识点

32、补充:but作为介词还有其他用法,例如:nothing but”只有,仅仅”,如:Nothing but a miracle can save her now.（现在只有出现奇迹才能救活她）；anything but根本不,如: He is anything but mad.（他点儿也不生气）。Y ou can m ake a m ental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the ge

33、neral routine of everyday living.此句是用and连接的两个并列句。在前个分句中,又用as引导了一个比较状语从句, W make a blueprint of a desire 与 make a blueprint of a house 作比较。第二个分句的主干是: each of us. is making. blueprints. W hile talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifi

34、cations will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.该句主干是 While . your could-be employer is deciding whether. and your wares and abilities must be displayed.,前个分句中while引导伴随状语从句,whether引导宾语从句, 该从句中并列主语为 your education, your e

35、xperience, and other qualifications谓语部分为 pay him后面是不定式做的状语。And后面的并列句是被动语态，其中inmanner为方式状 语。知识点补充:pay sb. to do sth.意思是“干某事对某人有利。如:It will pay you to be careful.(小心谨慎对你有好处)；could-be意思是“可能的,未来的；wares本义为“货物, 商品”,在这里表示应聘者能够展示出来的资格和能力。佳句赏析L ikew ise, if you w ant to find a j)b, take a sheet of paper, and

36、 write a brief account of yourself.用likewise连接的这两个句子中,分别含有if引导的条件从句,并且都运用了动词短语 连用的形式,前后结构对称,具有美感。K eep youreyes and ears open, and use yourow n jidgem ent此句采用并列祈使句的形式,使整个句子精炼。例句允: Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Then you can find something of real value.(保持耳目灵敏,并且运用自己的判断。这样

37、你就会发现真正有价值的 东西。)四、核心词汇与超纲词汇(1) tight-lipped (a.)沉默寡言的,出言谨慎的(2) psychology(n.)心理学(3) blueprint(n.)蓝图,详细的计划,方案(4) likewise (adv.)同样地,照样地;-wise后缀,表示“样子”，“位置”或“状态”,如： clockwise (顺时针方向地),lengthwise (纵向地,竖着地)(5) account (n.)叙述，描述(6) routine (n.)固定而有规则的事，常规(7) reference (n.)证明文书,介绍信,推荐人(8) sketch (n.)概述,概要

38、,梗概(9) secure (vt.)sth. (for sb./sth.)(尤指经过努力)获得，取得,实现;如:He secured a place for himself at law school.(他在法学院取得了 学籍) sth. (against/from sth.)使某事 物安全，保护;如:to secure a property against intruders (保护房产以免外人闯入)五、全文翻译出言谨慎的年长者过去总说:“重要的不是在这个世界上你想要什么,而是你得到了什 么。”(长难句)心理学教导人们,如果你知道自己需要什么、并且要求合理,你就能得到它。你可以在头脑里勾画

39、出愿望的蓝图,如同设计房屋的蓝图样。(长难句)而我们每个 人在日常生活中都在不停地勾画着这样的愿望蓝图。比方说,想请朋友吃晚餐,我们就会筹 划菜谱、列购物单、决定先煮什么菜等,这样的筹划对举行任何形式的宴请都是必不可少 的。同样,如果你想找份工作,那就拿张纸,写份对自我的简单描述吧。（佳句）为 找工作制订计划蓝图时,要从你自己开始,因为只有当确切知道你可以提供什么服务时,你 才能明智地筹划到哪儿去推销它们。对自我的描述实际上是对你的职业生涯的简介,它应包括教育背景、经验和证明材料。 这样的描述是很有价值的,在填写标准的申请表格时可作为参照,在面试时更是尤为有用。 在与你面谈时,你未来的雇主将根

40、据你的教育背景、经验和其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值 得,因此你必须把你”待售的物品”和能力以有序而合理连贯的方式呈现出来。（长难句）当你为自己的能力和愿望仔细地筹划了一幅蓝图后,你就有实在的东西可以推销了。那 时你就准备去找工作,先搜集所有与你可能选择的工作相关的信息,对工作和公司的详情进 行调査,留心看,留意听,使用你的判断力。（佳句）每天花定的时间寻找你想要的工作, 请记住:找工作就是你现在的工作。Passage 2With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America

41、can now watch the Corporations news coverage, as well as listen to it.And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs

42、, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 per household.It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years yet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publiclyfiinded broadcasting organization, at le

43、ast for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a naiien debate in Britain.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, a

44、nd even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.Defenders of the Corporation of whom there are many are fond of quoting the American slogan i

45、f it aint broke, dont fix it. The BBC aint broke, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels ITV

46、 and Channel 4 were required by the ThatcherGovernments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels funded partly by advertising and partly by viewerssubscriptions which will bring

47、about the biggest changes in the long term.、文章结构总体分析本文报道了 BBC （英国广播公司）的现状及面临的问题。文章从现状入手,接着话锋 转进入主题,谈到目前在全国范围内场针对BBC应该保持原样还是进行变革的争论, 最后作者指出必须进行变革。本文是典型的夹叙夹议的文章,叙述和说理论证相结合。第一至二段:为个引子,描述BBC的接收范围和它的节目类型,总之,情况令人乐 观。第三段:承上启下，先总结前两段，yet语气转，点出文章的主题,即,BBC前途未 卜。第四段：政府发起对BBC的这场争论的原因：皇家特许权1996年到期。第五段：BBC支持者的观点。

48、第六段：再次出现yet转折点出作者观点，即，BBC必须改革，因为世界在发生变化。三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析长难句分析 They are brought sport, com edy, dram a, m usic, new s and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 per household.该句的主干是They are brought,谓语是被动语态,由bring接双宾结构即bring them sth 转化而来,直接宾语由sp