外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳(共13页).docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every每, sometimes有时,always总是,”等词。 (2)基本结构: 主语I / You / We / They /He / She / It 肯定句:主语+ 动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式 否定句:主语+ dont + 动词原形 或者doesnt + 动原 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. No,I dont.Does(动词原形)? Yes,he/she does. No,he/she
2、 doesnt. 特殊疑问句 What do ? How does she(动词原形)? (3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同) 1 一般情况 +s 如:walk-walks 2. 辅音字母+y结尾 去y +ies fly-flies 3. 结尾是 s, x, sh, ch +es watch-watches 4. 结尾是0 +es do-does, go-goes 5. 特殊 have-has 2现在进行时(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在, look看,linsen听”. (2)基本形式: be + 动词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my
3、homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? (3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing) 一般情况 +ing walkwalking 结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing comecoming 重读闭音节 双写最后一个字母+ing swim-swimming run-running 3. 一般过去时 (1) 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last 上一个, just now刚才, many years ago许多年前, yesterday
4、昨天”等词。 (2) be 动词的过去式: am/iswas arewere (3)过去式基本结构 肯定句:主语+ 动词过去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句:主语 + didnt + 动词原形 I didnt go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did + 动词原形? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-) What did+ 动词原形? What did you do last night? (4)动词过去式的变化: 规则动词的变化: (1)一般动词 +ed planted
5、,watered,climbed(2) 以不发音的e结尾 +d liked tied(3)辅音字母加y结尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried (4)重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个字母+ed plan planned stop stopped 不规则动词的变化: 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am /is was are were go went do did find found buy bought eat ate feel felt drink drank teach taught take took read read give
6、 gave have had put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat tell told learn learnt get gotcarry carried study studied4.一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。 结构:be goin
7、g to +动词原形或will +动词原形 例如:Im going to visit my grandpa next week. 二、人称代词 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theris (注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。) 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词: + s book books 2.辅音字母加y结尾: - y+ ies st
8、orystories 3.以s, x,sh, ch ,结尾: + es glassglasses; a watch-watches 以o结尾:1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes 2) 无生命的 +s photo-photoes 4.以f或fe结尾: - f 或fe 变为ves knife knives; shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-t
9、eeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee 五、缩略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is hasnt = he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I wil
10、l 六、a. an .the的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach, a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hour, an “F” 2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,play football 乐器前面要加the,play the piano 序数词前面要加the, the second 七、介词 1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.,under 2.表示时间: (1)at : 几点前面用at如:at six oclock, 没
11、有day的节日前用at如 :at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ,at night (2)on: 用于星期,日期,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时) on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日; 带有Day的节日前用on 如: on National Day (3)in: 早晨,中午,晚上前用in:in the morning ,in the afternoon ,in the evening , 月份前用in ,如in December ;季节前用in ,如 winter;年份前
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