初中英语(仁爱版)八年级上册知识点梳理.docx

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1、J 八年级 (上册） Unit 1 Play Sports 【考点解析】 Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? Section A 1. Wearegoing tohavea basketballgame against Class Three, against 表 示 “对着：反对；靠着 ”。 e. g. We are all against him. 【例 1 】 （ 10 年通化中考 )Mr. Black is strongly keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals sho

2、uld also have the right to enjoy freedom. A. up B. for C. against D. down 2. cheer sb. on 为，加油，鼓劲 【例 J 2 】 一 Our class will have a basketball match with Class Two tomorrow. That sounds exciting. I， 11 go and . A. cheer on you B. cheer you on C. cheer up you D. cheer you up 3. win 和 beat 都可表示 “赢 ”，但用

3、法不同。 (1) win(won， won) 般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表 示 “赢 ”的结果。 (2) beat(beat, beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为 “心脏跳动 ” 或 “击打 a game a team win+ a war beat+ a nation a prize an apponent(对手） e.g. In the 29th Olympic Games, Phelps beat the other suimmers and won 8 gold medals himself. 在 29 届奥运会上，菲尔普斯战胜其他游泳运动员，一

4、人独获 8 金。 【例 3】（ 10 年福州中考 )My favourite football team was (beat)in the Cup Final. 【例 4】 一 Our team the match. We ve got the first place! Well done! Congratulations! A. hit B. beat C. won D. watched 【考点链接 】 beat / win (1) They the basketball match yesterday. (2) By hard work she the first place in the

5、 math exam. (3) He can always me at chess. (4) Ifs difficult to Class 3. They have several good players. 【分析比较】这两个词中都有 “赢 ”的意思。但 beat 的宾语是对手，即表示人 的名 词或代词，也可指打破纪录。 win 的宾语是表示比赛、奖品、胜利或荣誉等 的名词 或代词。 (1) 的宾语是 “比赛 ”，应填 won。（ 2)的宾语是 “名次 ”，应填 won。 (3) 和 (4)的宾语为 “代词和表示人的名词 ”，故填 beat。 4. prefer 宁愿，更喜欢 (l) pre

6、fer doing sth. to doing sth.跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 prefer sb. / sth. to sb. / sth. 跟某人 /某物比较起来更喜欢人 /某物 (2) prefer to do sth. (rather)than do sth 跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 (3) prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事 【例 5 】（ 10 年安徽中考）一 Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV? Sometimes. Its an interesting program, but I Sports News. 1

7、A. prefer B. want C. enjoy D. miss 5. join / take part in (1) join 参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员 (2) joinsb. (indoingsth.)和某人一起 (做某事） (3) joinin=takepart, in 参卩某项活动 【例 6】（ 09 年包头中考 )The weins are walking the bookwho moved my cheese” ， it， s fun to them. A. join B. join in C. take part in D. enter 6. a littl

8、e / a bit (1) 作状语，修饰比较级 e. g. He is a bit/a little older than you. (2) 作主语或宾语 e. g. Please give me a bit / a little. (3) 与 not 连用时 nota bit=not atall not a little=very much e. g. He is not a little tired.他非常累 。 He is not abit tired.他一点也不累。 (4) 作定语修饰不可数名词 a little(of)=a bit of (5) quite abit of 后只能接不

9、可数 词 。 quite a lot of 可接可数或不可数名词 。 quite a few 后只能接可数名词。 【例 7】 (09 年上海中考 )The American student could speak only Chinese, but he managed to communicate with us. A. few B. a little C. a few D. little Section B 1. play for a team 为某队效力 be in / on the team 在某队打球 【例 8 】 Tom likes basketball very much. He

10、 wants to play the NBA when he grows up. A. with B. for C. of D. to 2. dream 作名词， “梦，梦想 ”。 e. g. my dream job 也可作动词 dream of/about sth. / doing sth. 【例 j 9】 Last night I dreamt alone in the mountains A. of run B. of running C. to run D. ran 3. “oneofthe+形容词最高级 +名词的复数 ” 意思是 “最，之一 ”。 e. g. Heisoneofth

11、e bestbasketballplayers. I like him verymuch.但它作主语时，谓语应用单数。 Oneofthetallest boys in the team is from our class. 【例 10 】 (10 年莆田中考 )The Great Wall of China is one of wonders in the world. A. great B. B greater C. the greatest 4. break the record 打破记录 5. in the 2008 Beijing Olympics 在 2008 年北京奥运会中。 “在

12、，比赛中 ”用 ine. g. in the race / in the basketball game 6. give up 放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。 e. g. give it up， give up doing sth 放 弃做某事。 【例 11】（ 10 年莆田中考 )Smoking is harmful to peoples health， you should it (放弃 ). 7 What a Shame=What a pity 真遗憾！ 【例 12】（ 10 年龙岩中考 )一 I missed the wonderful basketball Match. A. No

13、problem B. What a pity C. Not at all Section C 2 1. spend / cost / pay / take (1) spend 作 “花费 ”之意时，指花费时间 /精力 /财力在某事或某物上，主语是 人。 (2) c st 主要 指 花费金钱 /时间 /劳力 /精力 等 。 主语 是 某物或某事 。 其结 构 是 sth. costssb”. (3) paysb,酬谢 某 人 ， pay， ， for可等 同 于 spend， ， on， ， ， 或 用 cost 作同 义 句转换。 e.g. He paid 20 yuan for the di

14、ctionary.=He spent 20 yuan on the dictionary. =The dictionary cost him 20 yuan, pay for sth.为，付款 e. g. He has paid for the coat. (4) take 般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用 it 作形式主语。 【例 13 】 It， s take us about a week the machine. A. to mend B. mend C. mended D. mending 【考点链接 】 spend / take / cost / pay (1) The

15、girl thirty yuan on the scarf yesterday. (2) How much did that shirt you? (3) I five dollars for the book just now. (4) It me two hours to finish my homework every night. (5) ril for the tickets. (6) They half a day visiting the Great Wall. 【分析 都有花费的意思。 spend 后接金钱或时间，常用结构为 sb. spendsmoney/ timeonsth

16、. 或 sb. spends money / time(in)doing sth. (1)题 意为“昨天这个女孩花三十元钱买了条围巾 ”，故填 spent。（ 6)题意为 “ 他们用了半 天参 观长城 ”，故填 spent。 cost 花费金钱、时间等，主语必须是物或用 it 作形式主语。（ 2)题意为 “ 这件衬 衫花 了你多少钱 ”，故填 cost。 pay 常与 for 连用，主语为人 。 pay for sth. / pay money for sth. (3)题意为 “ 刚 才我花了 5 美 元买这本书 ”，故填 paid。 (5)题意为 “我会付这些票的饯 ”，故填 pay。 ta

17、ke 多指花费时间，常用句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth. (4)题意为 “ 每晚 我要花两个 小时来完成作业 ”，故填 takes。 2 do exercise=play sports 做运动，锻炼 3. There be 句型的将来时结构为 There is / are going to be 或 There will be。注 意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示 “有 ”的 have 和 has。 【例 14】 一 There a funny film tonight in our school. Would you like to see

18、with me? Fd like to, but I have to do my homework. A. is B. have C. is going to have D. is going to be 4. the high jump 跳高 the long jump 跳远 5. sure (1) be sure that+从句 e. g. I am sure that he is right. (2) sb. be sure to do sth 某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 e. g. They are sure to come early. =1 am sure that th

19、ey will come early. (3) besureof/aboutsth./doingsth“确信 ”，表示主语对， ，有把握。 e. g. Iamsureofsuccess. =1 am sure I will succeed. (4) 用在祈使句里 Be sure(not)to do sth. 定 (不 )做某事 e. g. Be sure to come here early. 【例 15 】（ 10 年福州中考）一 Im not sure there are living things on other planets or not. Even scientists aren

20、t sure about it. A. whether B. where C. why 3 6. make 的用法。（ l)makesb. do sth.使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原 to。 (2) “makesb. /sth. +形容词 ”使某人或某物处于某种状态。 e. g. The rainy days make me sad. (3)make sth. for sb. make sb. sth.为某人制作 ， ” 【猡 |J 16 】 His words made us (feel)uncomfortable. 7. be good for“对， ”，有益 ”，反义词组是 be ba

21、d for“对 ,，有害 ” 。 8. keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康 【例 17】 (保持健康 )is very important for US because health is everything. Section D 1 play against 艮 ,，进行比赛 e. g. Would you like to play against us? 【考点链接 】 p l a y with / play against / play for (1) Our team will Class Three next Saturday. (2)A group of kid

22、s were a ball in the street. (3) Does Yao Ming the Houston Rockets in the NBA? 【分析比较 】 play with 玩耍 ,游戏，玩乐，与，玩耍。（ 2)题意为 “ 孩子们在玩 球 ” ， 故填 playing with。 play against 同 ,，比赛。 题意为 “两个队比赛 ”，故填 play against。 playfor 为，效力。 (3)题意为 “姚明在 NBA 为休斯敦火箭队打球吗 ?”，故填 playfor。 2 leave， for，离开某地去某地 leave for=set off for

23、 出发去某地 . 【例 18】（ 10 年龙岩中考 )一 Pm leaving for Shanghai to visit the Expo 2010 this weekend. A. Well done B. I hope so C. Have a good tripe 3. 般将来时 (1) 含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或 反 发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如： tomorrow, soon, later on, next time(week, month, year, Sunday”)等。 (2) 结构为 be going to do sth

24、.或 will do sth. There be 句型的将来时结构为 There is / are going to be 或 There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示 “有 ” 的 have / has。 (3) 表示位置移动的动词 go, come, leave, fly, start 等可以用现在进行时表示将 要发生的事。 其中 go 和 come 定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例 19】（ 10 年河北中考 )This term over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks. A. is B. was

25、C. has been D. will be 【例 2 】 (10 年重庆中考 )If you to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week, I will go with you. A. go B. has gone C. will go D. are going 【习题精练】 i i I .词汇 A. 根据句意和汉语提示填写单词。 1. would you like to (参加 )the school English club? 2. Yaoming will play for our national (队 ) 3. A lot of people like

26、the song very much. Its very (流行 ). 4. You can (方文松 )yourself when you listen to music after a days work. 5. Kates father is (出发 )for Beijing the day after tomorrow. B. 根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子 。 4 1 What does Joan want to be when she (长大 ) 2. Our class will (与， ”，比赛 )the Class Four football team. 3. Do you

27、know what the best way to ( 保 持 健康 )is? 4. Please come and us (为，加油 ) 5. They all took part in the 2002 (世界杯 ) II. 单 项 选 择 1 ( 10 年武汉中考 )It was a difficult time, but we never hope. A. put up B. gave up C. picked up D. used up 2. (10 年宁德中考 )The nice toy is much too expensive, I cant it. A. spend B. p

28、ay C. afford 3 ( 10 年龙岩中考 )一 How much did you pay for the new car? It me more than 300, 000 yuan. A. cost B. spent C. made 4. (10 年 兰 州中考 )Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby . A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry 5. (10 年南京中考）一 I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao

29、for his holiday. Oh, how nice! Do you know when he ? A. left B. left for C. was leaving D. was leaving for 6. (10 年江西中考 )一 Hello, Sandy. This is Jack. What are you doing? Fin watching a match. It started at 7 p. m. and on for another half an hour. A. beat B. failed C. won 8 (09 年扬州中考 )一 what a heavy

30、 rain! 一 So it is. I prefer at home on such a rainy day. A. watch TV； to go out B. watch TV； go out C. watching TV； to going out D. to watch TV; going out 9. (09 年福州中考 )Paper making isof ancient China. A. one of greatest inventor B. one of the greatest inventors C. one of greatest invention D. one o

31、f the greatest inventions 10. (09 年泉州中考）一 Is the man in black pants your teacher? Yes， he us biology since last year. A. will teach B. has taught C. is teaching 11 (09 年漳州中考）一 Im sorry I cant find the library book. 一 I， m afraid you have to it. A. send for B. call for C. pay for D. wait for 12. (08

32、年龙岩中考 )一 I missed the Same Song yesterday. I know that you like the program best. A. I am afraid not B. What a pity C. I think so 13. (08 年龙岩中考 )Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers to school. A. to ride； walk B. riding； walk C. ride； to walk 14. (08 年厦门中考）一 Would you like some milk in yo

33、ur tea? Yes， please. But just 5 A. little B. a little C. a few 15. (07 年云南中考 )The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese. Its fiin to . A. join B. join in C. take part in D. enter IIL (10 年泉州中考 )完形填空 The holiday season is a wonderful time to stay with the family and to enjoy delicious

34、food you all. But along with many joys of the holiday, there is also stress. Doing exercises is an excellent such stress. Traveling, shopping and many other . will prevent you from getting weight. Walk for a while every day. Take the stairs instead of 6 the lift. Maketimefor 7 . Evenaquickbreakfast,

35、 like fruits for juice, whole-graincereal(谷类食品 ）， andmilk, can prevent hunger 8 the day. Drink at least eight glasses of water every day. water prevent hunger and tiredness. You can choose good drinks like water, juice and tea. Eat at least five kinds of fruits and vegetables every daybetween breakf

36、ast and lunch, pick fruits and vegetables, they are good snacks. Wish all of you a very healthy and happy holiday season ! 1. A. well B. better C. best 2. A. little B. a lot of C. many 3. A. fight B. to fight C. fighting 4. A. work B. study C. health 5. A. that B. what C. who 6. A. waiting for B. lo

37、oking at C. checking over 7. A. supper B. lunch C. breakfast 8. A. after B. during C. before 9. A. enough B. hot C. clean 10. A. But B. If C. Because 【考点解析】 Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water? Section A 1. would / could / will you(please)do sth. 青 你做 ,，好吗 ?” 表示委婉请求对方做 某事，否定结构是 would/ could

38、/ will you(please)not do sth.。 e. g. Would you please not play the piano loudly? 【例 1 】（ 10 年陕西中考 )Hi, Jack. Would you please the picture on the wall? A. to put up B. put up C. set up D. to set up 2. falliir 生病 ”， beill“生病的 ”，强调一种状态。 feeliir 感觉不舒服 ” ，强调一 种身体 感受 。 fell down 摔倒，跌倒。 【考点链接】 sick/ill (1)

39、 The child needs help. (2) His grandma is still in bed. 【分析比较】 sick“生病的，有病的 ”。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也 可以用 作表语。故 (1)和 (2)两题都可以填 sick。 ill 与 sick 同义， ill 主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故 (1) 不能填 ill， 6 只有 (2)可填 ill。 3. mind 的用法 (1) 作动词，表示 “介意 ” ，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是 mindsb./sth./ doing sth.。 e. g. I dont mind a little

40、more homework. Would you mind me / my smoking here?=Would you mind if I smoke here? 对 would you mind sb. / sb. s doing sth.及 would you mind if+从句 ”的回答， 如果是表达 “会介 意 ”，可用 Yes， youd better not. / I am sorry but I do.如果表 达 “不会介意 ” ，可用 No, not at all. /Nevermind. /It doesnt matter. /No, of course not. (2

41、) 用于提出建议。 Would you mind doing sth. / would you mind not doing sth?对 Would you mind doing sth.的回答可以用 Of course not， I will do it right away. / Sorry. I will do it right away. 对 would you mind not doing sth.的回答可以用 Sorry， I wont do it again. /Pm sorry about that. (3) 作动词， “ 注意，当心 ”。 e. g. Mind the wet

42、 paint. (4) 作名词， “思想 ”。 set ones mind to do sth. / on sth.专注于做某事 【例 2】（ 10 年宁德中考 )My grandparents are sleeping in the bedroom. Would you mind my TV? Certainly not. We can go out for a walk. A. turningon B. turningoff C. turning up【例 3】 （ 10 年安徽中考 )I hopeyoudont mind my opening the window. .Its much

43、too hot in here. A. Certainly B. Of course not C. All right D. Never mind 4. be glad / happy to do sth 乐意做某事 【伊 j 4】 I think everyone is glad more friends. You know, more friends, more roads. A. make B. making C. to make D. makes 5. practice sth. / doing sth 练习做某事 【例 5 】 (09 年上海中考 )Susan finally bec

44、ame a popular singer after she practiced for years. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang Section B 1. be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。 e. g. Liu Ming is always fighting with his friends. 【例 6】 一 Tom, dont be always for school. I am very sorry. I wont A. be late B. late C. being late D. lating 2. ca

45、reless 形容词，反义词是 carefiil。 carelessly 副词，反义词是 carefiilly. 【例 7】 （ 09 年上海中考 )Be carefol! Theres some broken glass on the ground. The underlined part means A. Look out B. Go ahead C. Get ready D. Keep quiet 3. chance 机会 have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事 get a chance to do sth.得 到一个机会做某事 【例 8】 （ 08 年潍坊中考 )

46、I am sure I can make it better, if our teacher me a second chance. A. give B. gave C. gives D. will give 4. What do you mean by sth. / doing sth. ?=What9s the meaning of sth. / doing sth. ? 【例 9】 What do you mean by the word?(同意句转换） 7 Whats the word? 5. shoutatsb.朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。 shouttosb.朝某人喊叫， 只

47、是为了 使对方听到，没有感情色彩。 【例 10】 You mustnt shout the old people. Its not polite. A. to B. with C. of D. at【考点链接 】 s h o u t at / shout to (1) The children the driver, but he did not hear them. (2) If you dont stop me, Ill come and hit you 【分析比较】 at 和 to 与同一动词搭配时，意义有很大的区别 。 shout tosb.表 示 “大 声叫某人 ”，多因距离远，声音

48、小听不见。（ 1)题意为 “ 孩子们对着司机喊叫 着，但 是他没听见。 ”故填 shoutedto。 shoutatsb.则表示 “ 生气地或故意地对某 人大喊大叫。 ”(2) 题意为 “你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。 ”故填 shouting 6. fight with sb. =have a fight with sb 与某人打架 7. be angry with sb.意为 “生某人的气 ”，如： He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes 他因犯如此愚 蠢的错误 而感到气恼。 【链接】（ 1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤， He was angry at the student.他因