语法填空专题讲解.ppt

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1、高高中中英语语法填空英语语法填空Rational ClozeRational Cloze解题技巧解题技巧Learning goals:1.To learn some rules and skills about the rational cloze.2.To improve the students ability of the rational cloze by mastering some skills and doing exercises.Whats the usual way you fulfill the task rational cloze?三步完成三步完成三步完成三步完成:概

2、读理解概读理解 分析填空分析填空 连贯检查连贯检查语语 法法词法词法句法句法章法章法惯用法惯用法v思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢到底该怎样入手呢?虚虚词词冠词冠词a,an,the介词介词in,at,on,with,without,for,by,from,before,after,through,over,under.并列并列连词连词(连接并列句连接并列句)并列关系：并列关系：and,or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but(also),both.and转转折关系：折关系：but,yet因果关

3、系：因果关系：for,so从从句句引引导导词词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which,that,who(m),as,whosewhen,where,why名词性从句名词性从句连接词连接词that,whether,if连接代词连接代词what(ever),who(ever)连接副词连接副词when,where,why,how状语从句状语从句从属连词从属连词when,while,as,since,until,where,because,although,though,if,so that,such that,before,after.实实词词动词动词谓语动词：时态，语态谓语动词

4、：时态，语态,主谓一致主谓一致非谓语动词：非谓语动词：-ing，-ed，to do及变形及变形名词名词单复数单复数形容词形容词/副副词词比较级、最高级；反义词比较级、最高级；反义词词性转换词性转换Task Task 1 1:题型解读题型解读思考：思考：高高中中英英语试语试卷卷语语法填空以什么方式出法填空以什么方式出题题？1.挖挖空空 处处要求填入适当的要求填入适当的单词单词。2.设设题题方式分方式分为为 和和 _10纯空格型有提示词型 语法填空题语法填空题空格设计空格设计纯空格纯空格有有提提示示词词给出了动词的试题给出了动词的试题词类词义转换题词类词义转换题谓语动词，非谓语动词谓语动词，非谓语

5、动词,名词，形容词，副词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级形容词或副词的比较级或最高级或最高级代词代词代词代词(pronoun)(pronoun)、冠词、冠词、冠词、冠词(article)(article)、介词、介词、介词、介词(prep.)(prep.)、情态动词、情态动词、情态动词、情态动词(modal verbs)(modal verbs)、连词、连词、连词、连词(conj(conj.)或或或或从句从句从句从句引导词引导词引导词引导词u一、纯空格试题的解题技巧一、纯空格试题的解题技巧冠词或冠词或(物主物主)代词代词 无提示词无提示词1 1.There once were a g

6、oat and a donkey.So the farmer.There once were a goat and a donkey.So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.medicine made from its heart.2 2.When I see.When I see the the child child in the shopin the shop,I think of,I think o

7、f LucyLucy.ShShe e was 35_ shy was 35_ shy and beautiful girl and beautiful girl.3 3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the pocket pocket 4.I can send a message to Ken whenever I want to,and _ gets there almost in a second.thethe a a hishis考点考

8、点归纳归纳:(1-3)名词前面名词前面 若没有限定词（定冠词，不定若没有限定词（定冠词，不定冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词),很可能考查很可能考查限定词限定词。(4)(4)主句缺主语或宾语，主句缺主语或宾语，很可能考查很可能考查代词。代词。讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳it 介词介词 无提示词无提示词 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等补语等 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1 1.The science institute spends about 3.5 million dollars eve

9、ry year _ robot research.2.,Love decided to ask for help.Richness was passing 2.,Love decided to ask for help.Richness was passing _ _ Love in a grand boat.Love in a grand boat.onon byby考点考点归纳归纳:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词介词 的使用要注意的使用要注意搭配搭配和和上下文语境上下文语境提示。提示。讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳连词或从句引导词连词或从句引导词 无提示词无提示词

10、1.1.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,_ he felt very happy.2 all I saw was this beautiful girl,whose smile just melted(使融化使融化/软化软化)me _ gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.but andand考点考点归纳归纳:同一个主语同一个主语发出两个或几个动作，且发出两个或几个动作，且时时态一致态一致，中间没有连词，一定是填中间没有连词，一定是填连词连词(并列连

11、词和并列连词和转折连词）转折连词）。讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳连词连词(并列连词和转折连词）并列连词和转折连词）从句引导词从句引导词1.Whenever he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box,take out an imaginary kiss,and remember the love of this beautiful child _ had put it there.2.It sang the sweetest melody(曲曲调调)_ she had ever hear

12、d.3.The house _ window are broken is empty.who/that考点归纳考点归纳：定语从句中缺主语定语从句中缺主语,宾语或定语，一定宾语或定语，一定是填适当的关系代词，如：是填适当的关系代词，如：who,that,which,whom，whose。that whose 定语从句-关系代词考点归纳：考点归纳：定语从句定语从句 中缺中缺地点状语地点状语用用_,缺缺时间状语时间状语用用_，缺缺原因状语原因状语用用_。1.These are the reasons _ we do it.2.After living in Paris for fifty years

13、 he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.3.I can still remember the moment _ the space stewardess called us all to the capsule.where why when where why when 定语从句-关系副词1.I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached _ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all

14、directions.2.We heard the news _ our team had won.3._ interested her most was the longitude line.4.The question is _ we should go on with the work.what考点归纳：考点归纳：名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。要注意表语从句和同位语从句。要注意what引导名词性引导名词性从句的用法。从句的用法。that What 名词性从句 宾从 同位语从句 主从 whether 表从1._ they arri

15、ved at dry land,the elder went her own way.2._ it rains tomorrow,I wont go.3.He was so tired _ he couldnt go.4._ he is poor,hes still happy.5.Please put the medicine_ children cant reach it.6.He cant come _ he is ill.When 考点归纳：考点归纳：状语从句包括时间状语从句，条件状语从句，状语从句包括时间状语从句，条件状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状结果状语

16、从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句和方式状语从句。语从句，目的状语从句和方式状语从句。状语从句 If thatAlthough where becauseu二、给出了二、给出了提示词型提示词型的解题技巧的解题技巧考点归纳：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动考点归纳：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词,就就要考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后。要考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后。1.But things_ (c

17、hange)when he came to the new school.2.Right after he _(rescue)by the soldiers from the ruins,he saluted and smiled to them.3.Since the beginning of history,people _(use)rivers for transportation.changed was rescued 1）动词谓语动词have used 考点归纳：考点归纳：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动语时，

18、所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用词就要确定用 现在分词现在分词doing，过去分词，过去分词done，还是不定式还是不定式 to do。非谓语的形式一定要考虑。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它它与其逻辑主语之间与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。的关系。1._(use)for a long time,the book looks old.2._(use)the book,I find it useful.3._(see)from the hill,the city looks like a big garden.4.I looked at the pair of small objects _(

19、call)“thoughtpads”on a table.Used Using 2)动词非谓语动词(1)Seencalled1.He saw the stone,_(say)to himself:“The night will be very dark.”2.The headmaster went into the lab,_(follow)by the foreign guests.saying 考点归纳：考点归纳：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。形式。与句中主语句中主语是主动主动关系使

20、用现在分词现在分词；与句中主语句中主语是被动被动关系使用过去分词过去分词。followed 非谓语动词(2)1._(complet)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.To complete 考点归纳：考点归纳：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用一般用to do形式形式。2.The young student did all that he could _(pass)the examinations.to pass 非谓语动词(3)3 3）词类转换）词类转换1.Because o

21、nly Time is capable of understanding how _(value)Love is.2.His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in _(sad).3.The girl was _(frighten)that he would fly away.4.“Now pull up the second.”The youth obeyed but found that the task was _(difficult).5.“Thirtyfive cents,”she said _(rude).6.

22、It would be _ (believe)that such an honest man should have betrayed his friends.valuablesadnessfrightenedmore difficult rudelyunbelievable根据语义根据语义,确定词确定词形形分析句子分析句子,确定词确定词性性解题四步走解题四步走提示：四步走归根到提示：四步走归根到底其实就是底其实就是寻找依寻找依据据每一个语法填空每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或所在的句子中或者上下文中者上下文中找到找到它的依据

23、它的依据通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升检查搭配检查搭配,前后连贯前后连贯Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress.They include deep breathing and a method of guided thought called meditation.They also include exercise,eating healthy foods,getting enough rest and balancing the time 16 (spend)working and p

24、laying.Exercise is one of 17 most effective stressreduction measures.Running,walking or playing sports causes physical changes 18 make you feel better.Exercise also improves the bodys defense system 19 disease.And studies have found that 20 helps protect against a decrease in mental ability.spentthe

25、that/whichagainstitgrammar knowledgesentence analysis固定搭配固定搭配u Doctors say deep,slow breathing is also helpful.Many 21 (medicine)studies have shown that clearing the mind through quiet meditation 22 (help)you become calm.This causes lower blood pressure,reduces muscle tension 23 decreases heart rate

26、.u Experts also say keeping stress to yourself can make problems 24 (bad).Researchers have linked the 25 (fail)to identify and express emotions to many health conditions.These include eating disorders,fear disorders and high blood pressure.medicalhelpsandworsefailurechanges of wordssubjectverb agree

27、mentsentence analysischanges of wordsWhats the usual way you fulfill the task Grammar Filling?Three steps:1)reading and understanding 2)analysing and filling 3)checking 语语 法法词法词法句法句法章法章法惯用法惯用法口口 诀：诀：语法填空语法填空10小题小题,4实实6虚冠介连虚冠介连;逻辑关系要理顺逻辑关系要理顺,词法句法细分析词法句法细分析;谓语非谓语分辨清谓语非谓语分辨清,检查高分属于你检查高分属于你。HomeworkHomeworku完成完成语法填空基础训练语法填空基础训练